Abuse　of　Government；　by　way　of　Monopoly。　It　now　remaineth　briefly
  to　shew　the　Too　Loose　Use　thereof；　by　Ungoverned　Trade。
  It　is　a　Maxime　in　the　Mathematiques；　that　Rectum　est　Index
  sui　&　obliqui。　And　the　want　of　Government；　cannot　better　be
  demonstrated；then　by　the　benefit　of　Government　it　selfe。　For
  thereby　the　Common…wealth　hath　beene　much　advantaged；　both　in　the
  encrease　of　the　native　Commodities　of　the　Kingdome；　and　the
  advancement　of　their　use　and　price　in　Forreine　parts：　and　also　in
  keeping　the　forreine　wares　at　a　moderate　rate　within　this
  Kingdome。　This　will　be　yet　more　perspicuous；　if　we　cast　our　eye
  first　upon　the　several　Societies　of　Merchants　which　trade　under
  Government：　and　then　on　those　which　trade　without　Government。　For
  Contraria　juxta　se　posita；　magis　elucescunt。
  In　the　first　place　therefore　consider　we　that　Ancient　and
  heretofore　famous　fellowship　of　the　Merchants…Adventurers　of
  England。　Hath　it　not　by　their　politique　rule　and　order；　eaten　out
  the　Societie　of　the　Hans…townes　of　Germanie　and　the　Merchants　of
  the　Entercourse　of　the　Low　Countries；　in　those　trades；　which　a
  long　time　they　enjoyed　in　this　land？　And　whereas　those　of　the
  Hans；　vented　in　Germany；　only　a　matter　of　sixe　thousand　of　our
  Clothes　yeerely　and　at　low　prices：　and　held　this　Realme　as　it
  were　beholding　unto　them　for　their　shipping：　yea　upon　some
  discontent　for　denying　of　them　priviledges；　durst　offer　some
  hostilitie　in　the　time　of　Edward　the　fourth。　Whereas　the
  Merchants…Adventurers　by　their　Charters；　granted　from　time　to
  time　by　the　Princes　of　this　Realme；　and　favoured　by　Parliaments
  successively；　by　their　orderly　mannaging　of　their　trade；　have
  supplanted　the　trade　of　the　Hanses　in　Germany：　and　brought　the
  said　Six　thousand　vented　by　them　in　Germany；　unto　Thirtie
  thousand　Clothes　yeerely　&　at　great　prises。　And　it　is　worthy　to
  be　remembred　to　their　Honour；　that　service　which　the
  Merchants…Adventurers　did　to　the　State　in　Anno　88　when　they
  supplied　the　Navie　Royall　with　a　whole　ships　lading　of　Powder　and
  Shot　from　Hamburgh：　which　came　luckily　even　in　articulo　temporis；
  when　there　was　a　very　great　want　thereof。　These　also　have　from
  time　to　time　employed　and　bred　up　many　worthy　Masters　of　ships
  and　Mariners；　and　built　many　Tall；　warlike　and　Serviceable
  shippes：　which　as　they　themselves　also；　are　at　all　times　ready　to
  doe　service　to　the　King　&　State　upon　all　occasions。　None　of　all
  which　they　had　ever　beene　able　to　have　done　as　particular　men；　in
  a　loose；　distracted；　and　disorderly　trade。
  Great　benefit　also　hath　arisen　from　the　East…land　Company：
  who　have　wonne　like　ground　of　the　Hanses　of　the　Baltique　Sea：　and
  doe　employ　in　that　trade　a　great　number　of　proper　Shippes　and
  Men。
  The　Levant　Company　likewise　by　their　trade　under　Government；
  hath　built　a　great　strength　of　warlike；　Tall　&　Lusty　Shipping；
  which　they　employ　in　that　trade：　and　by　their　industry　have　wonne
  from　the　Italians　the　trade　of　the　Levant：　the　Commodities
  whereof　were　before　brought　into　this　Realme　by　Argosies　to　the
  encrease　of　forreine　shipping；　and　at　deare　rates：　and　is　now
  reduced　to　the　Natives　of　this　Kingdome；　to　the　encrease　of
  Shipping；　and　the　benefit　of　the　Publike。　Which　without
  Government　and　good　order；　had　been　impossible　for　them　to　have
  done。
  The　French　Company　also；　though　but　lately　reduced　to　Order；
  have　reformed　many　abuses　in　that　trade；　in　maintaining　the
  Native　Commodities　of　this　Kingdome　in　much　better　estimation；
  and　in　keeping　the　Forreine　at　moderate　prices：　and　in　employing
  greater　shipping；　then　at　any　time　before。　Which　were　impossible
  for　them　to　effect　Singly；　without　Societie。
  Lastly；　for　the　East…India　Company；　whereof　I　am　prevented　to
  say　what　I　might；　by　two　severall　discourses　published　in　print；
  the　one　by　that　worthy　and　rarely　qualified　Gentleman　Sir　Dudley
  Digges　Knight；　the　other　by　that　discreete　Merchant　Mr。　Thomas
  Mun：　yet　this　I　say；　that　this　Great　and　Noble　Societie　by　the
  benefite　of　Government；　hath　set　on　foot　a　bery　mightie　Trade；
  farre　beyond　any　other　Company　of　this　Kingdome：　and　accordingly
  hath　excelled　in　greatnesse　of　shipping；　and　making　Mariners　of
  land…men；　beyond　the　example　of　any　other　Corporation：　&　had　not
  Envie　thought　that　Trade　too　great　a　Treasure　for　this　Kingdome
  doubtlesse　they　had　in　Encrease　of　trade；　excelled　all　the
  Companies　of　Merchants　in　this　Common…wealth。
  But　here　the　ordinary　objection　encountereth　me；　that　in
  Germany；　Spaine；　France；　Italie；　and　the　Netherlands；　there　are
  no　such　Companies；　nor　restrains　of　Merchants；　as　here　in
  England：　and　yet　that　those　Countries　thrive　better　in　their
  trades；　than　we　in　ours。　I　answer；　that　if　it　be　granted；　that
  they　have　no　such　Companies　nor　restraints　of　any；　and　that　they
  thrive　better　in　their　trades　then　we；　yet　it　will　not　follow；
  that　this　their　better　thriving　is　because　every　man　is　at
  libertie　to　be　a　Merchant　at　his　pleasure。　This　is　the　fallacy
  which　the　Logicians　call　｛Greek　phrase　omitted｝；　Non　causa　pro
  causa。　For　if　that　were　the　cause；　why　then　should　not　our
  Spanish　Trade；　that　hath　no　Company　nor　restraint；　prosper　better
  then　the　other　Trades　which　are　Governed　in　Companies；　whereas　to
  speak　as　the　truth　is；　This　Trade　&　These　Merchants；　are　the　most
  miserable　of　all　the　other　Trades　and　Tradesmen　of　this　Kingdome；
  and　all　through　want　of　Government：　thorough　whose　sides　the
  Common…wealth　suffereth；　and　hath　already　lost　many　Millions　in
  value　of　the　wealth　of　the　Weale…publique；　as　I　shall　shew　anone。
  But　to　the　Assumption；　I　deny　that　the　Merchants　of　those
  forreine　Countries；　trade　without　Government。　For　Germany　hath
  ancietly　had　one　Society；　or　Corporation　of　Merchants　inall　their
  Sea…townes；　called　the　Society；　or　Corporation　of　the　Hans　before
  noted：　as　their　houses　of　Staple　yet　standing　at　Bridges　in
  Flanders；　Antwerpe　in　Brabant；　Novogrode　in　Russia；　Bergen　in
  Norway；　and　the　Steelyard　in　London　can　witnes。　Which　Trade　of
  theirs　flourished；　as　long　as　it　continued　under　Government：　but
  having　lost　their　Priviledes；　partly　by　their　owne　Stragling；　and
  partly　being　overtop't　by　the　flourishing　of　the
  Merchants…Adventurers　Trade；　their　Trade　is　now　almost　quite
  fallen　to　the　ground。
  For　Spaine　and　Portugall：　all　men　know　that　their　Sea　Trade
  is　little；　saving　to　the　East　and　West　Indies。　And　those　Trades
  are　carried　with　Government；　and　farre　more　restraint　then　ours。
  For　France；　there　are　not　（that　I　know）　any　Companies　of
  Merchants　for　forreine　parts。　Which　I　take　to　be　the　cause；　why
  those　Merchants　shipping；　is　of　so　small　burthen；　and　of　as
  little　sufficiency　for　service。　Which　is　an　effect　of　a　stragling
  ungoverned　Trade。
  For　Italy；　that　consiseth　of　so　many　severall　Jurisdictions；
  that　it　were　impossible　to　make　a　generall　Corporation　for　any
  one　kinde　of　Sea…Trade。　For　example；　were　it　not　in　vaine　for
  Genoa　to　make　a　Corporation　&　Orders　for　Trade；　whilest　Florence
  held　a　contrary　course？　It　were　certainly　all　one；　as　to　have　a
  Company　of　Merchants　for　Spaine　at　London；　and　the　West…parts
  left　loose　to　Trade　without　Order　or　Government；　which　were　a
  meere　mockery。　But　the　Trade　in　many　parts　of　Italy；　being
  carried　by　Families；　and　every　Family　being　as　it　were　one
  Person；　there　is　a　kind　of　Government　in　their　Trades；　and　the
  same　performed　with　merveilous　credite；　policie；　and　judgement。
  The　Lowe　Countries；　by　that　Union　which　is　of　the　several
  Townes　and　Provinces　unto　the　States　Generall　（which
  neverthelesse　is　as　much；　and　endureth　as　long；　as　every　severall
  Province　and　Towne　listeth；）　have　of　late　yeares　erected　their
  East　India　Company；　and　the　like　for　Guiny；　and　are　in　hand　with
  the　like　for　the　West　Indies。　Also　the　Cloth…buyers；　the
  principall　Merchants　of　Holland；　have　lately　obtained　Octroy　so
  termed；　which　is　Priviledges　and　Immunities　of　the　States；　to
  assemble　themselves；　and　to　keepe　Courts；　and　make　Orders　for
  their　Trade；　and　principally　to　confront　&　oppose　the
  Merchants…Adventurers　Trade；　upon　some　differences；　lately　fallen
  out　betwixt　those　Cloth…buyers　and　the　said　Company　about　the
  residence　before　noted。　For　their　other　Trades　of　Germany；
  Poland；　England；　Grance　and　Spaine；　they　rather　with　then　finde
  it　possible；　to　joine　the　severall　Townes　in　one　Rule　and　Order。
  And　who　so　converseth　with　that　Nation；　shal　finde　that　they　very
  much　complaine　of　the　disorders　of　their　Trades；　for　want　of　that
  kinde　of　Government；　which　many　of　them　take　notice　of　here　in
  England：　and　some　of　them　of　late　have　desired　instructions　from
  hence　in　that　behalfe。　Besides　all　this；　these　people　as　they　are
  borne　and　bred　in　an　United　Country；　so　doth　their　nature　and
  disposition　encline　much　to　an　Union　and　Communion　in　Trade。
  Insomuch　as　oftentimes　they　are　able　to　worke　their　feates　by
  Confederacy　and　Combination；　against　an　Incorporation　in　our
  Nation。　For　they　wisely　consider；　that　their　interest　is　involved
  in　the　Publique：　where；　in　our　Nation；　men　commonly　preferre
  their　Particular；　to　t