heathenish　policie　it　is；　or　hellish　rather；　put　upon　the　Princes
  and　people　of　Christendome　by　the　Grand　Seignour；　to　hold　with
  them　an　outward　forme　to　amitie；　and　in　the　meane　time　by　his
  vassals；　use　a　cunning　and　covert　hostilitie。
  The　other　forreine　remote　cause　of　the　want　of　money；　are　the
  Trades　maintained　out　of　Christendome　to　Turky；　Persia　and　the
  East　Indies。　Which　trades　are　maintained　for　the　most　part　with
  ready　money；　yet　in　a　different　manner　from　the　trades　of
  Christendome　within　it　selfe。　For　although　the　trades　within
  Christendome　are　diven　with　ready　monies；　yet　those　monies　are
  still　contained　and　continued　within　the　bounds　of　Christendome。
  There　is　indeede　a　fluxus　and　refluxus；　a　flood　and　ebbe　of　the
  monies　of　Christendome　traded　within　it　selfe：　for　sometimes
  there　is　more　in　one　part　of　Christendome；　sometimes　there　is
  lesse　in　another；　as　one　countrey　wanteth；　and　another　aboundeth：
  It　commeth　and　goeth；　and　whirleth　about　the　Circle　of
  Christendome；　but　is　still　contained　with　the　compasse　thereof。
  but　the　money　that　is　traded　out　of　Christendome　into　the　parts
  aforesaid；　is　continually　issued　out　and　never　returneth　againe。
  It　is　true；　those　trades　tend　to　an　admirable　encrease　of　the
  stocke　of　Christendome　in　wares：　which　if　they　were　purchased
  with　the　wares　of　Christendome；　according　to　the　true　nature　of
  Commerce；　the　benefit　were　farre　more　excellent。　For　Commercium
  is　quasi　Commutatio　mercium；　a　change　of　wares　for　wares；　not
  money　for　wares。　And　it　is　Libera　commeandi　facultas；　abiis　qui
  merces　ultro　citroque　conuehunt。
  Or　if　the　Common…wealth　of　Christendome　were　like　to　that　of
  Utopia；　where　gold　and　silver　are　of　lesse　esteem　then　Iron；　it
  were　a　brave　exchange　to　lose　money　to　get　wares。　For　the　riches
  of　former　ages　did　not　consist　re　pecuniaria　but　pecuaria。　Whence
  pecunia；　as　Plinie　affirmeth；　was　so　called　a　pecude；　quia　pecus
  suit　pecuniae　fundamentum；　&　antiquitus　pecunia　pecudis　effigie
  signabatur。　But　when　Immooveable　and　Immutable　things　came　also
  to　be　in　Commerce　amongst　men；　as　well　as　those　things　which　were
  mooveable　and　fit　for　change；　then　came　money　in　use；　as　the　rule
  and　square　whereby　things　might　receive　estimation　&　value。
  Therefore　the　Civilians　affirme　that　Numus　est　｛Greek　phrase
  omitted｝　dictus；　quod　instiutum　sit　Civile。　According　to　that　of
  Aristotle。　｛Greek　phrase　omitted｝　Numus　non　est　a　natura　sed　a
  lege。　And　thence　it　is　that　money　in　our　tongue　is　derived　of
  moneta；　quasi　numi　nota。
  Or　if　there　were　a　necessitie　to　Christendome；　to　use　those
  forreine　wares：　or　that　the　meanes　whereby　they　are　to　be
  procured；　were　without　the　losse　of　treasure：　or　lastly　that　the
  same　tended　to　the　encrease　of　the　treasure　thereof　theexchage
  were　excellent。　But　first　there　isno　such　necessitie：　for　that's
  necessarie　to　doe　a　thing　without　which　it　cannot　be　done：　And
  that's　necessarie　to　the　being　of　a　Common…wealth；　without　which
  it　cannot　subsist。　But　thankes　to　God；　Christendome　is　richly
  furnished　within　it　selfe；　with　all　things　fit　for　life　and
  maintenance：　whether　we　respect　vitall　use；　as　foode　and　raiment：
  or　physicall；　as　vegetables　and　mineral：　or　politicall；　as　gold；
  silver；　and　infinite　varietie　of　merchandize。　Nor　are　those　wares
  procured　without　the　losse　of　treasure；　no　nor　with　lesse
  treasure。　For　as　those　wares　have　cost　lesse　in　price；　since　some
  late　discoveries；　so　are　they　encreased　in　their　quantities；　by
  the　ample　trade　of　all　parts　of　Christendome　thither；　more　then
  before：　and　then　who　knowth　not　that　a　lesse　quantitie　deare；　and
  a　greater　quantitie　cheape；　is　all　one　in　respect　of　the　value。
  Nor　is　the　treasure　lessened　by　changing　the　course　of　trade　into
  those　parts。　For　the　new　trades　found　out；　are　furnished　with　a
  new　supply　of　money；　and　the　old　nevertheless　issue　out　as　much
  treasure　as　before：　by　reason　that　the　same　are　enlarged　and
  become　now　as　great；　apart；　as　heretofore　they　were；　together；
  when　the　new　trades　were　included　in　the　old。　So　that　now　so　much
  more　of　the　treasure　of　Christendome　is　wasted；　as　those　old　and
  new　trades　are　encreased；　which　is　to　an　infinite　value。
  Not　lastly；　is　the　treasure　of　Christendome　encreased　by
  those　forreine　trades；　for　the　more　the　stock　of　Christendome　is
  thereby　encreased　in　wares；　the　more　it　decreaseth　in　treasure：
  which　the　parts　of　Christendome　must　needs　feele　by　Sympathy　and
  compassion。
  And　this；　that　prudent　and　politique　Emperour　Charles　the
  fifth　perceived　in　his　time；　who　upon　a　question　betwixt　the
  Spaniards　and　Portugalles　about　this　matter；　the　Emperour　used
  words　to　this　effect：　You　Portugalles　for　a　suretie；　are　Enemies
  to　all　Christendome；　for　you　carry　nothing　out　of　it　but　coine；
  which　is　hurt　to　all　Countries。
  Cap。　II。
  The　Causes　of　the　decay　of　Trade；　in　the　Merchandize　of　England
  Such　are　the　causes　of　the　matter　of　trade　considered　in　the
  want　of　money；　themerchandize　followeth。　Merchandize　is　that
  naturall　matter　of　Commerce；　whereby　men　busie　themselves　in
  buying　and　selling；　chopping　and　changing；　to　the　encrease　of
  Artes；　and　enriching　of　Common…wealths：　according　to　that　of　the
  Poet　｛Greek　phrase　omitted｝；　Bona　lis　mortalibus　haec　est。
  And　to　the　end　there　should　be　a　Commerce　amongst　men；　it
  hath　pleased　God　to　invite　as　it　were；　one　Countrey　to　traffique
  with　another；　by　the　variety　of　things　which　the　one　hath；　and
  the　other　hath　not：　that　so　that　which　is　wanting　to　the　one；
  might　be　supplied　by　the　other；　that　all　might　have　sufficient。
  Which　thing　the　very　windes　and　seas　proclaime；　in　giving
  passage　to　all　nations：　the　windes　blowing　sometimes　towards　one
  Country；　sometimes　toward　another；　that　so　by　this　divine
  justice；　every　one　might　be　supplyed　in　things　necessary　for　life
  and　maintenance。
  And　this；　Seneca　thought　to　be　a　principall　benefit　of
  nature；　Quod　&　vento　gentes　locis　disipatas　miscuit；　&　sua　omnia
  in　regiones　ita　descripsit；　ut　necessarium　mortalibus　esset　inter
  ipsos　Commercium。　Nature　by　the　benefit　of　the　wind；　hath　so
  mixed　people；　dispersed　in　divers　places；　and　so　distributed　her
  gifts　in　divers　Countries；　that　there　should　be　a　necessity　of
  Commerce　amongst　men。　Which　agreeth　with　that　of　Aristotle；　Est
  translatio　rerum　omnium　caepta　ab　initio；　ab　eo　quod　est　secudum
  naturam；　cum　homines　haberent　plura　quam　sufficerent；　partim
  etiam　pauciora；　negotiatione　suppleri　id　quod　natura　deest；　quo
  commode　omnibus　sufficiat。
  And　that　we　doe　not　goe　out　of　the　Christian　world　for　an
  example　hereof；　let　us　consider　the　state　of　the　Netherlands；　in
  what　a　miserable　case　those　people　were；　if　they　received　not
  supply　from　all　other　Nations。　They　have　nothing　of　their　owne；
  and　yet　they　seeme　to　possesse　all　things　in　the　supply　they
  receive　from　all　the　world。
  And　surely　if　any　Kingdome　under　the　Sunne　can　subsist　of　it
  selfe；　none　hath　more　cause　to　blesse　God；　then　this　Iland　of
  ours；　which　Almighty　God　hath　richly　adorn'd　with　variety　of
  allthings　necessary　for　mans　life　and　welfare。　As　with　Corne；　and
  our　Wine：　Cattle；　Wooll；　Cloth；　Tynne；　Iron；　Lead；　Saffran；　Waxe；
  Hoppes；　Hydes；　Tallow；　Flaxe；　Fowle；　Fish；　and　many　othres：
  whereby；　thanks　bee　to　God；　the　people　of　this　Land；　have　not
  onely　sufficient　for　their　owne　mainenance；　but　doe　abundantly
  supply　the　wants　of　all　other　Nations。
  Now　the　Trade　and　Commerce　of　this　Kingdome　within　it　selfe；
  and　with　Forreine　Nations；　consisting　of　so　many　rich
  Commodities；　let　us　consider　them　all　joyntly；　and　then　some
  principall　of　them　apart。
  Jointly　considered；　the　causes　of　the　decay　of　Trade　in　them；
  may　be　said　either　to　be　Deficient　or　Efficient。　Deficient；
  either　in　the　generall　want　of　money　in　the　Kingdome；　or　the
  particular　want　of　the　East　India　stocke。　I　shewed　before；　what
  were　the　causes　of　the　want　of　money：　&　that　the　disaster　upon
  the　East　India　Trade　is　a　remote　cause　thereof：　but　these　are
  both　causes　of　the　decay　of　trade。　For　money　is　the　vitall　spirit
  of　trade；　and　if　the　spirits　faile；　needs　must　the　body　faint。
  And　as　the　body　of　trade　seemeth　to　be　dead　without　the　life　of
  money：　so　doe　also　the　members　of　the　Common…wealth；　without
  their　means　of　trade。　We　say；　that　an　Artizan　or　workeman；　cannot
  worke　without　tooles　or　instruments：　no　more　can　a　Merchant　trade
  without　money　or　meanes。　And　in　the　want　of　so　great　a　stocke；　as
  is　that　of　the　East　India　Company；　the　Body　of　this　Common…wealth
  hath　lost　the　use　of　many　of　it　principall　members；　by　whose
  industry；　art；　and　action　the　Commerce　thereof　might　wonderfully
  have　been　encrea'st。　The　losse　whereof；　to　him　that　is　not
  wilfully　blinde；　is　apparently　sensible　in　the　Drapery　of　the
  kingdome；　whereby　the　poore　are　set　on　worke：　and　in　all　the
  other　trades　of　the　kingdome；　whereby　the　subjects　are　employed：
  and　hath　begot　that　great　and　generall　dampe　and　deadnesse　in　all
  the　trades　of　the　kingdome；　which　we　unhappily　feele　at　this　day。
  The　Efficient　causes　of　the　decay　of　trade　jointly