gave　the　vakeels　due　warning；　and　entirely　prevented　them　from　making
  use　of　the　river　as　the　highway　of　the　slave　trade。
  In　1870；　while　I　was　camped　at　Tewfikeeyah；　I　entirely　suppressed　the
  river　traffic；　but　the　fact　of　my　leaving　over…taken　three　vessels　with
  700　slaves　belonging　to　Abou　Saood　at　the　close　of　the　expedition；　on　my
  return　towards　Khartoum；　must　be　a　damning　proof　of　complicity　on　the
  part　of　certain　government　officials。
  Thus　it　is　plain　that；　while　I　was　endeavouring　to　do　my　duty；　others
  who　should　have　been　supporting　me　were　actually　supporting　the
  slave…hunters。　No　people　could　have　had　the　absurd　audacity　to　attempt
  the　passage　of　the　river　in　front　of　Fashodaa　government　station；
  garrisoned　by　two　regiments；　and　provided　with　two　steamersunless　they
  were　in　league　with　the　officials。
  My　personal　interference　has　rendered　the　slave　trade　of　the　White　Nile
  impossible　so　long　as　the　government　is　determined　that　it　shall　be
  impossible。　At　the　close　of　the　expedition；　the　higher　officials　had
  been　changed；　and　the　country　appeared　to　be　in　good　hands。　The　governor
  of　Fashoda；　Jusef　Effendi；　had　captured　the　slave　vessels　of　Abou　Saood
  according　to　my　instructions。　Ismail　Ayoub　Pacha　had　been　appointed
  governor　of　Khartoum。　Hussein　Khalifah；　the　Arab　desert　sheik；　was
  governor　of　Berber；　and　various　important　changes　had　been　made　among
  the　higher　authorities　throughout　the　Soudan；　which　proved　that　the
  Khedive　was　determined　upon　reform。
  One　grand　and　sweeping　reform　was　absolutely　necessary　to　extinguish　the
  slave　trade　of　Central　Africa；　and　this　I　lead　the　honour　to　suggest：
  〃That　all　the　present　existing　traders　or　tenants　of　the　White　Nile
  should　be　expelled　from　the　country；　precisely　as　I　had　expelled　them
  from　the　territory　under　my　command。〃　The　government　would　then　assume
  the　monopoly　of　the　ivory　trade　of　the　White　Nile；　and　the　natives　would
  in　a　few　years　be　restored　to　confidence。
  So　long　as　the　so…called　traders　of　Khartoum　should　be　permitted　to
  establish　themselves　as　independent　piratical　societies　in　the　Nile
  Basin；　the　slave　trade　would　continue；　and　the　road　through　Darfur　and
  Kordofan　would　be　adopted　in　place　of　the　tabooed　White　Nile。
  Should　the　White　Nile　companies　be　totally　disbanded；　the　people　now
  engaged　must　return　to　their　original　agricultural　pursuits　in　the
  Soudan；　and　their　labour　would　tend　to　an　increase　of　the　revenue；　and
  to　the　general　prosperity　of　the　country。
  I　have　already　published　so　much　on　the　subject　of　the　slave　trade　in
  〃The　Albert　N'yanza；〃　that　I　fear　to　repeat　what　I　have　before　so
  forcibly　expressed。　I　have　never　changed　my　original　opinions　on　this
  question；　and　I　can　only　refer　the　public　to　page　313；　vol。　ii。；　of　that
  work；　whence　I　take　the　following　extract：〃Stop　the　White　Nile　trade；
  prohibit　the　departure　of　any　vessels　from　Khartoum　to　the　south；　and
  let　the　Egyptian　government　grant　a　concession　to　a　company　for　the
  White　Nile；　subject　to　certain　conditions；　and　to　a　special　supervision
  。　。　。　。
  。　。　。　〃Should　the　slave　trade　be　suppressed；　there　will　be　a；　good
  opening　for　the　ivory　trade；　the　conflicting　trading　parties　being
  withdrawn；　and　the　interest　of　the　trade　exhibited　by　a　single　company；
  the　natives　would　no　longer　be　able　to　barter　ivory　for　cattle；　thus
  they　would　be　forced　to　accept　other　goods　in　exchange。　The
  newly…discovered　Albert　Lake　opens　the　centre　of　Africa　to　navigation。
  Steamers　ascend　from　Khartoum　to　Gondokoro　in　lat。　4　degrees　55'。　Seven
  days'　march　south　of　that　station　the　navigable　portion　of　the　Nile　is
  reached；　whence　vessels　can　ascend　direct　to　the　Albert　Lake；　thus　an
  enormous　extent　of　country　is　opened　to　navigation；　and　Manchester　goods
  and　various　other　articles　would　find　a　ready　market　in　exchange　for
  ivory　at　a　prodigious　profit；　as　in　those　newly…discovered　regions　ivory
  has　a　merely　nominal　value。
  〃Beyond　this　commencement　of　honest　trade　I　cannot　offer　a　suggestion；
  as　no　produce　of　the　country　except　ivory　could　afford　the　expense　of
  transport　to　Europe。　（The　proposed　railway　from　Cairo　to
  Khartoum　will　overcome　this　obstacle。）
  〃If　Africa　is　to　be　civilized；　it　must　be　effected　by　commerce；　which；
  once　established；　will　open　the　way　for　missionary　labour；　but　all　ideas
  of　commerce；　improvement；　and　the　advancement　of　the　African　race　that
  philanthropy　can　suggest；　must　be　discarded　until　the　traffic　in　slaves
  shall　have　ceased　to　exist。
  〃Should　the　slave　trade　be　suppressed；　a　field　would　be　opened；　the
  extent　of　which　I　will　not　attempt　to　suggest；　as　the　future　would
  depend　upon　the　good　government　of　countries　now　devoted　to　savage
  anarchy　and　confusion。〃　。　。　。　。
  〃Difficult　and　almost　impossible　is　the　task　before　the　missionary。　The
  Austrian　mission　has　failed；　and　their　stations　have　been　forsaken；
  their　pious　labour　was　hopeless；　and　the　devoted　priests　died　upon　their
  barren　field。〃
  By　a　reference　to　that　work　also〃The　Albert　N'yanza〃it　will　be　seen
  that　in　the　present　expedition　I　carried　out　the　plans　that　I　had
  proposed　at　the　termination　of　my　first　journey。
  I　have　no　doubt　that　missionaries　will　take　advantage　of　the　chance　that
  has　resulted　from　the　suppression　of　the　slave　trade　and　the
  establishment　of　a　government。　At　the　same　time；　should　they　attempt　a
  settlement　in　the　neighbourhood　of　Gondokoro；　they　must　be　prepared　with
  an　inexhaustible　stock　of　patience　when　dealing　with　the　Baris。
  The　Madi　and　Shooli　tribes　would　be　found　tractable　and　more　capable　of
  religious　instruction。　It　is　my　opinion　that　the　time　has　not　yet
  arrived　for　missionary　enterprise　in　those　countries；　but　at　the　same
  time　a　sensible　man　might　do　good　service　by　living　among　the　natives；
  and　proving　to　their　material　minds　that　persons　do　exist　whose
  happiness　consists　in　doing　good　to　others。　The　personal　qualifications
  and　outfit　for　a　single　man　who　would　thus　settle　among　the　natives
  should　be　various。　If　he　wished　to　secure　their　attention　and
  admiration；　he　should　excel　as　a　rifle　shot　and　sportsman。　If　musical；
  he　should　play　‘　the　Highland　bagpipes。　He　should　be　clever　as　a
  conjurer；　and　be　well　provided　with　conjuring　tricks；　together　with　a
  magic　lantern；　magnetic　battery；　dissolving　views；　photographic
  apparatus；　coloured　pictorial　illustrations；　&c。；　&c。　He　should　be　a
  good　surgeon　and　general　doctor；　&c。；　and　be　well　supplied　with　drugs；
  remembering　that　natives　have　a　profound　admiration　for　medical　skill。
  A　man　who　in　full　Highland　dress　could　at　any　time　collect　an　audience
  by　playing　a　lively　air　with　the　bagpipes；　would　be　regarded　with　great
  veneration　by　the　natives；　and　would　be　listened　to　when　an　archbishop
  by　his　side　would　be　totally　disregarded。　He　should　set　all　psalms　to
  lively　tunes；　and　the　natives　would　learn　to　sing　them　immediately。
  Devotional　exercises　should　be　chiefly　musical。
  In　this　manner　a　man　would　become　a　general　favourite；　and　if　he　had　a
  never…failing　supply　of　beads；　copper　rods；　brass　rings　for　arms；
  fingers；　and　ears；　gaudy　cotton　handkerchiefs；　red　or　blue　blankets；
  zinc　mirrors；　red　cotton　shirts；　&c。；　to　give　to　his　parishioners；　and
  expected　nothing　in　return；　he　would　be　considered　a　great　man；　whose
  opinion　would　carry　a　considerable　weight；　provided　that　he　only　spoke
  of　subjects　which　he　thoroughly　understood。
  A　knowledge　of　agriculture；　with　a　good　stock　of　seeds　of　useful
  vegetables　and　cereals；　iron　hoes；　carpenter's　and　blacksmith's　tools；
  and　the　power　of　instructing　others　in　their　use；　together　with　a
  plentiful　supply　of　very　small　axes；　would　be　an　immense　recommendation
  to　a　lay　missionary　who　should　determine　to　devote　some　years　of　his
  life　to　the　improvement　of　the　natives。
  In　the　magnificent　equatorial　portions　of　Africa　there　is　a　great　field
  for　British　enterprise；　and　much　might　be　accomplished　by　lay
  missionaries；　who　would　at　the　commencement　avoid　theological　teaching；
  until　by　other　means　they　should　have　gained　an　ascendency　over　the
  minds　of　the　natives。　By　slow　degrees　confidence　might　be　established；
  and　much　may　be　effected　by　good　example。　。　。　。
  The　geography　of　Central　Africa；　that　has　made　great　strides　within　the
  last　few　years；　will　now　be　rapidly　extended。　The　fact　of　an　established
  government　under　the　direction　of　my　able　successor；　Colonel　Gordon；
  R。E。；　is　sufficient　to　assure　the　most　sceptical　that　the　future　will　be
  rich　in　geographical　discoveries。
  It　is　hoped　that　the　steamer　which　I　carried　up　to　Gondokoro　will　be
  transported　to　the　Albert　N'yanza　early　in　the　year　1875。　It　is
  impossible　to　foretell　the　result　of　steam　communication　on　the　great
  inland　sea　M'wootan　N'zige。
  I　do　not　love　to　dwell　upon　geographical　theories；　as　I　believe　in
  nothing　but　actual　observation；　but　I　cannot　quite　disbelieve　my　native
  informants；　who　assured　me　that　they　had　travelled　to　Ujiji　by　canoe
  from　Chibero　on　the　Albert　N'yanza。
  By　the　latest　intelligence　from　Lieutenant　Cameron；　dated　Ujiji；　28th
  February；　1874；　the　mean　of　many　observations　for　altitude　of　the
  Tanganyika　Lake　taken　with　mercurial　barometer；　aneroids；　and　boiling
  water　thermometers；　giv