The　report　among　the　slave　companies　asserted　that　Abou　Saood　had　been
  in　league　with　Raoul　Bey　to　frustrate　the　expedition；　thus　the
  conspiracy　of　the　officers　headed　by　Raouf　Bey；　which　I　had　checkmated；
  was　the　grand　move　to　effect　a　collapse　of　the　expedition；　and　to　leave
  a　clear　field　for　the　slave…traders。
  〃Up　to　the　present　time；　my　arrangements　have　been　able　to　overpower　all
  opposition。〃
  The　success　of　the　corn　collection　at　the　moment　of　the　conspiracy　was
  fatal　to　the　machinations　of　Raouf　Bey；　and　secured　me　the　confidence　of
  the　troops。
  〃The　success　of　every　attack　that　I　have　personally　commanded　has
  clinched　this　confidence。
  〃The　trader's　people　are　discontented　with　their　leaders；　they　are
  without　clothes　or　wages。
  〃Their　parties　have　been　massacred　in　several　directions　by　the　natives。
  Nearly　500　loads　of　ivory　have　been　burned；　together　with　one　of　their
  stations；　by　a　night　attack　of　the　Madi；　in　which　the　slave…hunters　lost
  thirty…five　killed；　and　the　rest　of　the　party　only　escaped　in　the
  darkness；　and　fled　to　the　forests。
  〃Thus　I　come　upon　them　at　a　moment　when　they　are　divided　in　their
  feelings。　A　dread　of　the　government　is　mingled　with　confidence　in　the
  arrival　of　a　strong　military　force；　which　would　be　auxiliary　in　the
  event　of　a　general　uprising　of　the　country。〃
  I　found　several　of　my　old　men　engaged　as　slave…hunters。　These　people；
  who　had　behaved　well　on　my　former　voyage；　confided　all　the　news；　and
  were　willing　to　serve　the　government。　Kamrasi；　the　former　king　of
  Unyoro；　was　dead；　and　had　been　succeeded　by　his　son；　Kabba　Rega。
  Some　few　of　the　people　of　Abou　Saood　had　been　on　a　visit　to　the　king
  M'tese　at　Uganda。　This　powerful　ruler　had　been　much　improved　by　his
  personal　communication　with　the　traders　of　Zanzibar。　He　had　become　a
  Mohammedan；　and　had　built　a　mosque。　Even　his　vizier　said　his　daily
  prayers　like　a　good　Mussulman；　and　M'tese　no　longer　murdered　his　wives。
  If　he　cut　the　throat　of　either　man　or　beast；　it　was　now　done　in　the　name
  of　God；　and　the　king　had　become　quite　civilized；　according　to　the　report
  of　the　Arab　envoys。　He　kept　clerks　who　could　correspond；　by　letters；　in
  Arabic；　and　he　had　a　regiment　armed　with　a　thousand　guns；　in　addition　to
  the　numerous　forces　at　his　command。
  The　Arab　envoys　of　Abou　Saood　had　been　treated　like　dogs　by　the　great
  M'tese；　and　they　had　slunk　back　abashed；　and　were　only　glad　to　be
  allowed　to　depart。　They　declared　that　such　a　country　would　not　suit
  their　business：　the　people　were　too　strong　for　them；　and　the　traders
  from　Zanzibar　purchased　their　ivory　from　M'tese　with　cotton　stuffs；
  silks；　guns；　and　powder；　brass…coil　bracelets；　beads；　&c。　The　beads　were
  exchanged　by　equal　weight　for　ivory。
  〃Even　at　Fatiko　the　brass…coil　bracelets　from　Zanzibar　are　now　common。
  Some　of　Abou　Saood's　people　are　actually　dressed　in　Manchester
  manufactures　that　have　arrived　via　Zanzibar　at　Unyoro。　This　is　a
  terrible　disgrace　to　the　Soudan　authorities；　thus　the　Zanzibar　traders
  are　purchasing　by　legitimate　dealing　ivory　that　should；　geographically
  speaking；　belong　to　Cairo。
  〃While　fair　dealing　is　the　rule　south　of　the　equator；　piracy　and　ruin
  are　the　rule　of　the　north。
  〃Abou　Saood　and　his　people　are　now　in　a　dilemma。　For　many　years　they
  have　pillaged　the　country；　and　after　having　taught　the　natives　to　regard
  cows　as　the　only　medium　of　exchange　for　ivory；　they　have　at　length
  exhausted　the　cattle。　Thus　the　transport　of　their　large　stock　of　ivory
  has　for　a　time　become　impossible；　as　sufficient　cows　cannot　be　collected
  for　the　purpose。
  〃Every　load　from　Fatiko　to　Ismailia　（Gondokoro）　requires　two　cows；　one
  to　Lobore；　and　another　thence　to　the　journey's　end。
  〃By　the　Nile　traders'　arrangements；　the　companies　of　Abou　Saood　receive
  as　their　perquisite　one…third　of　all　the　cattle　that　may　be　stolen　in
  successful　razzias。
  〃The　consumption　of　cattle　by　these　brigands　is　enormous。　All　flour　is
  purchased　in　exchange　for　flesh；　while　flesh　is　also　necessary　for　food；
  thus　the　cow　is　being　eaten　at　both　ends。
  〃The　frightful　drain　upon　the　country　may　be　imagined　by
  the　following　calculation；　which　is　certainly　below　the　truth：
  〃If　1；000　loads　of　ivory　must　be　carried　to　Ismailia；
  2；000　cows　are　required　as　payment　of　carriers；
  To　capture　in　a　razzia　3；000　cows；
  1000　　　　belong　to　the　brigands　as　their　perquisite；
  300　　　　are　necessary　to　feed　the　native　carriers　and　soldiers
  _____　　　during　the　journey；
  3；300　　　cows　are　required　to　deliver　1；000　loads　of　ivory　a
  distance　of　165　miles；　from　Fatiko　to　Ismailia　（Gondokoro）。
  A　station　of　350　men　consumes
  daily　　。　　。　　。　　。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　700　lbs。
  In　addition；　they　require　to
  exchange　for　flour　　。　　。　　。　　。　　　　　350　lbs。
  …
  Daily　consumption　of　flesh　　。　　。　　1；050　lbs。
  〃The　oxen　of　the　country　do　not　average　more
  than　170　lbs。　cleaned。
  2；255　　　beasts　are　thus　required　annually。
  …
  5；555　　　oxen　are　necessary　to　feed　and　pay　for　the　transport
  from　a　station　only　350　strong；　according　to　the
  customs　of　White　Nile　brigandage。
  〃It　must　be　remembered　that　at　least　a　thousand；　and　sometimes　double
  that　number　of　slaves；　are　prisoners　in　each　station。　All　these　must　be
  fed。　The　same　principle　is　adopted　in　the　exchange　of　flesh　for　flour；
  thus　the　expenditure　of　cattle　is　frightful。　Not　only　oxen；　but　all　the
  breeding　cows　and　young　calves　are　killed　without　the　slightest
  reflection。　No　country　can　support　such　wilful　waste；　thus　after　many
  years　of　ravage；　this　beautiful　province　has　become　almost　barren　of
  cattle。　The　central　districts　occupied　by　the　slave…traders　having　been
  denuded　of　cattle；　it　has　become　necessary　to　make　journeys　to　distant
  countries。〃
  The　slave…hunters　of　Abou　Saood　had　recently　suffered　a　terrible　defeat；
  at　the　hands　of　the　warlike　tribe　of　Umiro；　which　was　a　just　reward　for
  the　horrible　treachery　of　their　party。
  A　man　named　Ali　Hussein　was　a　well…known　employee　of　Abou　Saood。　This
  ruffian　was　an　Arab。　He　was　a　tall；　wiry　fellow；　with　a　determined　but
  brutal　cast　of　countenance；　who　was　celebrated　as　a　scoundrel　among
  scoundrels。　Even　his　fellows　dreaded　his　brutality。　There　was　no　crime
  that　he　had　not　committed；　and　as　his　only　virtue　was　extreme　daring；
  his　reputation　was　terrible　among　the　native　population。
  This　fellow　had　waited　upon　my　orders　daily　since　my　arrival　at　Fatiko。
  At　the　death　of　the　former　vakeel　of　Fatiko；　Ali　Hussein　had　succeeded
  to　the　command　of　the　station。
  He　had　arranged　to　make　a　descent　upon　the　Umiro　tribe；　about　six　days'
  march　to　the　south…east。
  He　accordingly　sent　natives　as　spies；　with　specious　messages　to　the
  Umiro；　announcing　his　intention　of　visiting　them　to　purchase　ivory。
  With　a　party　increased　by　volunteers　from　other　stations　to　a　force　of
  about　300　men；　he　arrived　at　Umiro。
  The　simple　natives　received　him　gladly；　and　showed　extreme　hospitality。
  The　country　was　thickly　populated；　and　abounded　with　vast　herds　of　the
  finest　cattle。
  After　a　week's　sojourn　among　the　Umiro；　during　which　he　had　received
  large　presents　of　elephants'　tusks；　and　seventy　head　of　oxen　from　the
  confiding　natives；　the　treacherous　ruffian　gave　an　order　to　his　brigands
  at　sunset。　They　were　to　be　under　arms　an　hour　before　daybreak　on　the
  following　morning；　to　set　fire　to　the　adjacent　villages　of　their
  generous　hosts；　and　to　capture　their　large　herds　of　cattle；　together
  with　their　women　and　children。
  At　the　time　appointed；　while　every　Umiro　slept　unconscious　of
  approaching　danger；　several　villages　were　surrounded；　and　volleys　of
  musketry　were　poured　upon　the　sleeping　inmates。　The　straw　huts　were
  ignited；　and　the　flames　rapidly　spread；　while　a　massacre　commenced
  similar　to　the　butcheries　to　which　the　slave…hunters　were　so　well
  accustomed。
  The　Umiro；　thus　taken　by　surprise；　and　appalled　by　so　dastardly　a
  treachery；　were　easily　defeated。　Their　children　and　wives　were　captured；
  together　with　large　herds　of　cattle；　which　are　celebrated　for　their
  size。　All　these　were　driven　in　triumph　to　Fatiko。
  The　success　of　this　infernal　scheme；　raised　the　reputation　of　Ali
  Hussein　to　the　highest　pitch。　The　reports　of　the　vast　pastoral　wealth　of
  the　Umiro　excited　the　cupidity　of　the　various　companies　in　the　stations
  of　Abou　Saood。
  It　was　determined　to　make　a　grand　attack　upon　a　people；　who；　in　spite　of
  their　warlike　character；　had　exhibited　a　total　want　of　power　to　resist。
  Ali　Hussein　sent　an　expedition　of　about　350　men；　in　addition　to　a　large
  number　of　Fatiko　allies。　They　arrived　on　the　borders　of　Umiro；　within
  about　an　hour's　march　of　the　villages　doomed　to　pillage。　The　party　was
  under　the　command　of　a　notorious　ruffian　named　Lazim；　whom　I　had　known
  during　my　former　exploration。
  Upon　arrival　in　the　Umiro　country；　during　the　night　after　a　forced
  march；　he　sent　a　detachment　of　103　men；　together　with　about　150　natives；
  to　attack　the　villages　by　a　surprise　at　dawn；　and　to　capture　the　slaves
  and　cattle　in　the　usual　manner。
  The　party　started　at　the　early　hour　of　first　cock…crow；　while　the　main
  body　under　Lazim　wait