Their　interests　were　the　same　as　those　of　the　slave…traders。
  My　〃Forty　Thieves〃　＇*＇　were　excellent　fellows；　and　all　the　men　who
  were　constantly　about　me　were　very　different　from　those　who　formed
  the　bulk　of　the　military　force。　I　now　commenced　a　small　station　and
  a　large　garden。
  ＇*Footnote：　The　bodyguard　of　picked　men；　armed　with　snider　rifles。＇
  I　had　chosen　a　pretty　spot　for　my　station；　as　I　did　not　intend　to　reside
  at　head…quarters；　which　would　be　the　site　originally　occupied　by　the
  Austrian　mission；　and　was　well　adapted　for　a　large　town。
  My　position　was　a　rising　knoll　of　about　six　acres　upon　which　grew　a　few
  shady　trees。　This　spot　had　been　the　station　of　a　missionary　known　by　the
  natives　under　the　name　of　〃Suleiman；〃　his　was　the　only　name　remembered
  by　the　Baris；　and　his　body　had　been　buried　here；　but　nothing　marked　the
  spot。　He　had　passed　away；　like　all　the　rest　of　these　good　and
  self…sacrificing　people；　without　leaving　one　trace　of　good　works　among
  this　barbarous　tribe　except　the　lemon…trees；　theirs　was　the　only　seed
  that　appeared　to　have　fallen　on　good　ground。
  In　a　few　days　my　men　had　made　a　large　garden；　in　which　I　sowed　onions；
  radishes；　beans；　spinach；　four　varieties　of　water　melons；　sweet　melons；
  cucumbers；　oranges；　custard　apples；　Indian　corn；　garlic；　barmian；
  tobacco；　cabbages；　tomatoes；　chilis；　long　capsicums；　carrots；　parsley；
  celery。　I　arranged　the　daily　labour　so　that　the　soldiers　and　sailors
  should　work　at　the　cultivation　from　6　A。M。　till　11；　after　which　they
  might　have　the　day　to　themselves；　to　construct　their　own　huts。
  At　this　season；　20th　April　1871；　the　river　was　extremely　low；　I
  therefore　fixed　a　pole　with　marked　inches　to　register　the　rise　of
  floods。
  By　the　23rd　April　all　my　men　had　arranged　gardens　parallel　with　the
  lines　of　their　camp。　I　gave　them　various　seeds；　with　a　promise　of　prizes
  for　the　finest　specimens　of　vegetables　that　might　be　produced。　I　had
  always　endeavoured　to　create　a　taste　for　agriculture　among　my　people；
  and　they　had　now　learnt　that　the　commencement　of　a　new　settlement　was
  the　signal　for　cultivation。　I　believe　that　no　employment　engenders　such
  a　love　of　a　particular　locality　as　that　of　farming；　provided　always　that
  the　soil　and　climate　are　favourable。　Thus；　in　an　expedition　to　a　distant
  land；　it　is　necessary　to　induce　the　feelings　of　HOME　among　the　people。
  The　hut　by　itself　is　simply　shelter；　but　the　same　hut　surrounded　by　a
  neat　and　productive　garden；　the　result　of　industry；　becomes　a　settled
  residence。　It　is　pleasant　to　watch　the　blossoms　of　home　flowers　and
  vegetables　that　you　may　have　yourself　introduced　and　planted。　A　good
  English　cabbage　or　carrot　may　not　be　introduced　in　poetry　so　generally
  as　the　rose；　but　in　a　new　settlement　in　a　wild　country；　the　success　of　a
  cabbage　or　carrot　is　of　more　importance　to　the　expedition　than　bouquets
  of　flowers。
  Even　the　women　and　boys　that　were　domestic　servants；　originally　slaves
  that　I　had　liberated　from　the　traders；　had　learnt　to　take　a　great
  interest　in　cultivation。　Each　had　a　garden；　and　a　day　never　passed
  without　permission　being　asked　for　a　few　hours'　recreation　with　the
  spade　or　hoe；　the　latter　being　the　favourite　implement；　as　the　want　of
  shoes　rendered　the　management　of　the　spade　extremely　difficult；　except
  in　very　light　soil。
  I　believe　that　a　taste　for　gardening　has　a　most　civilizing　influence
  among　savages；　and　if　I　were　a　missionary；　I　should　commence　with　such
  practical　teaching；　thus　proving　in　your　joint　labour　with　the　natives
  the　principle　that　industry　and　peace　will　create　prosperity。
  A　few　extracts　front　my　journal　will　describe　the　gradual　progress　of
  the　settlement：
  〃Mr。　Higginbotham　shot　a　waterbuck　during　an　exploratory　ramble　that　we
  took　through　the　forest；　in　search　of　large　timber　for　building
  purposes。　The　main　forest　begins　about　two　miles　from　this　station；　in
  which　is　an　unlimited　supply　of　wood；　including　the　most　magnificent
  tamarind…trees。　These　beautiful　specimens　are　dotted　about　the　country；
  like　park　timber　in　England。　There　is　a　tamarind…tree　about　a　mile　from
  this　station；　beneath　which　about　a　thousand　cattle　might　find
  shade。　（It　must　be　remembered　that　the　Bari　cattle　are　very　small。）
  〃There　is　a　native；　named　Tomby；　who　speaks　excellent　Arabic。　This
  fellow　has　been　twice　to　Khartoum；　and　he　wears　clothes；　instead　of
  walking　about　in　a　state　of　absolute　nudity　like　his　countrymen。　He　has
  an　excellent　rifle　that　was　given　to　him　by　his　old　master；　a　French
  trader；　Monsieur　Bartholome。　Tomby　has　been　employed　as　interpreter；　and
  having　been　born　and　bred　in　these　parts；　he　is　a　perfect　chronicler。　It
  appears　that　Abou　Saood　treacherously　murdered　the　sheik　of　Belinian；　a
  country　about　twelve　miles　distant　from　this　station。　He　feared　the
  sheik　of　Belinian；　who　was　a　powerful　neighbour：　he　therefore；
  professing　friendship；　invited　him　and　his　family　to　an　entertainment　at
  Gondokoro。　The　sheik　and　his　people；　not　suspecting　evil；　arrived；
  bringing　with　them　the　usual　presents。　Abou　Saood　received　them　very
  politely；　and　when　they　were　seated；　and　had　entered　into　conversation；
  he　had　them　seized　by　his　people；　and　murdered　them　on　the　spot　in　cold
  blood。　Owing　to　this　treacherous　conduct；　the　entire　neighbourhood　is
  hostile；　and　anarchy　prevails　throughout　the　country；　thus　I　cannot　send
  a　letter　to　the　traders'　camp　at　Latooka；　as　no　one　dares　to　travel。
  〃April　24。　Thermometer；　6　A。M。；　74　degrees　F；　noon；　fell　to　72　degrees
  F。　We　had　a　picnic　at　the　old　mission　station；　where　I　went　accompanied
  by　Lieutenant　Baker；　Mr。　Higginbotham；　and　my　wife；　to　measure　out　the
  camp　and　fort。　As　usual　in　England；　the　picnic　brought　on　heavy　rain；
  which　lasted　from　9。30　a。m。　till　2　p。m。；　to　the　great　benefit　of　the
  garden。
  〃April　25。　Thermometer；　6　A。M。；　69　degrees　F；　noon；　80　degrees　F。　We
  completed　the　large　garden；　the　soldiers'　allotments　are　also　complete。
  The　camp　of　the　〃Forty　Thieves〃　is　very　neat；　a　spirit　of　industry　has
  seized　upon　the　whole　party。　The　women　have　made　gardens　around　their
  huts；　and　agriculture　appears　to　be　the　prevailing　fashion。　I　am
  surrounding　the　cultivation　with　a　live　fence　of　euphorbia。　Julian　has
  been　unwell　for　some　time　past。
  〃The　natives　appear　to　have　gained　confidence；　as　they　are　bringing
  their　cattle　across　the　river　from　the　islands　to　our　fine　pasturage。　It
  is　curious　to　see　the　manner　in　which　the　herd　follows　the　man　who　swims
  before　them　as　their　guide；　while　other　natives　direct　them　while
  swimming　by　striking　them　upon　the　horns　with　long　bamboos。
  〃Yesterday　the　river　rose　about　two　feet；　but　it　fell　almost　as
  suddenly；　showing　that　the　rise　was　only　the　effect　of　the　heavy　rain
  upon　the　mountain　ranges　throughout　the　country。
  〃One　of　the　boys；　Said；　caught　three　fish；　weighing　about　eight；　ten；
  and　twenty　pounds　each。　These　were　of　the　Siluras　species；　and　are
  excellent　eating。
  〃The　white　ants　are　now　issuing　from　the　ground　in　vast　numbers　in　the
  winged　state；　and　are　taking　flight。　Myriads　of　the　black　and　white　tern
  and　the　white　storks　are　following　them。　The　lizards　are　also　at　work　in
  the　general　persecution。
  〃April　26；　27。　Made　new　garden　beds。　All　the　seeds　sown　by　the　troops
  are　above　ground；　to　the　great　delight　of　the　men。　We　cleared　and　sowed
  about　an　acre　with　Indian　corn　to…day。〃
  We　thus　continued　working　and　improving；　until　we　had　in　a　comparatively
  short　time　produced　a　great　result。　About　ten　acres　of　corn　were　above
  ground；　as　a　few　showers　had　started　the　seeds　like　magic。　My　men　were
  comfortably　housed　in　a　neat　station　on　the　high　ground；　while　my
  servants　had　a　pretty　little　village　of　their　own　situated　on　the　knoll；
  by　the　river　side；　about　fifty　yards　from　my　diahbeeah。　This　vessel　was
  moored　alongside　the　bank；　the　fine　grass　of　which　was　kept　closely　cut；
  so　as　to　resemble　a　lawn；　that　extended　for　about　thirty　yards；　this　was
  bounded　by　prickly　pears　and　ornamented　by　a　large　and　showy
  butter…nut…tree；　which　formed　our　out…door　drawing　room。
  It　was　all　very　well　to　establish　a　government；　and　to　commence　the
  civilization　of　Central　Africa；　but　we　were　very　hungry；　and　we　could
  procure　nothing　from　the　natives。　We　had　no　butchers'　meat；　neither
  would　the　Sheik　Allorron　or　his　people　sell　us　either　sheep　or　cattle。
  For　several　days　we　lived　upon　sparrows；　which　Monsoor　shot　by
  sprinkling　corn　upon　the　ground　and　firing　into　the　assembled　flock　of
  hundreds。　The　country　was　swarming　with　these　small　birds；　which　are　no
  doubt　delicacies；　but　if　you　have　a　good　appetite　they　are　a　little　too
  light　on　the　stomach。　In　the　mean　time；　although　the　natives　could　now
  venture　to　drive　their　cattle　to　the　rich　pasturage　under　our
  protection；　which　they　could　not　before　enjoy　for　fear　of　their　enemies
  the　Loquia；　they　absolutely　refused　to　sell；　or　to　supply　us　in　any
  manner。　In　spite　of　my　explanations　to　the　sheik　by　the　interpreter
  Tomby；　he　refused　to　bring　either　grass　or　wood　for　the　expected
  soldiers'　huts；　or　in　fact　to　do　anything　to　serve　us。
  Upon　one　occasion；　as　my　men　were　sowing　and　clearing　the　land　for
  planting；　he　employed　natives　to　work　at　the　same　kind　of　culti