the　No。　8　steamer　with　ten　soldiers　as　an　escort　to　bring　him　to　my
  station。
  〃April　30。We　commenced　erecting　the　iron　magazines。　Lieutenant　Baker；
  Mr。　Higginbotham；　and　the　Englishmen　all　actively　employed；　while　Raouf
  Bey　and　his　officers；　instead　of　attending　to　the　pressing　work　of
  forming　the　permanent　camp；　sit　under　a　tree　and　smoke　and　drink　coffee
  throughout　the　day。
  〃The　artillerymen　are　nearly　all　ill；　likewise　many　of　the　Egyptian
  regiment；　while　the　black　troops　are　well　and　in　excellent　spirits。
  There　is　no　doubt　that　for　this　service　the　blacks　are　very　superior　to
  the　Egyptians：　these　are　full　of　religious　prejudices　combined　with
  extreme　ignorance；　and　they　fall　sick　when　deprived　of　the　vegetable
  diet　to　which　they　are　accustomed　in　Egypt。
  〃In　the　evening　the　steamer　returned　with　the　true　Shillook　king；
  accompanied　by　two　of　his　wives；　four　daughters；　and　a　retinue　of　about
  seventy　people。〃
  CHAPTER　IV。
  THE　CAMP　AT　TEWFIKEEYAH。
  〃May　1。The　camp　is　beginning　to　look　civilized。　Already　the　underwood
  has　been　cleared；　and　the　large　trees　which　border　the　river　have　their
  separate　proprietors。　There　is　no　home　like　a　shady　tree　in　a　tropical
  climate；　here　we　are　fortunate　in　having　the　finest　mimosas；　which　form
  a　cool　screen。　I　have　apportioned　the　largest　trees　among　the　higher
  officers。　The　English　quarter　of　the　camp　is　already　arranged；　and　the
  whole　force　is　under　canvas。　A　few　days　ago　this　was　a　wilderness；　now
  there　are　some　hundred　new　tents　arranged　in　perfectly　straight　rows　so
  as　to　form　streets。　This　extensive　plot　of　white　tents；　occupying　a
  frontage　of　four　hundred　yards；　and　backed　by　the　bright　green　forest；
  looks　very　imposing　from　the　river。
  〃The　English　quarter　was　swept　clean；　and　as　the　surface　soil　on　the
  margin　of　the　river　was　a　hard　white　sand；　the　place　quickly　assumed　a
  neat　and　homely　appearance。　I　had　a　sofa；　a　few　chairs；　and　a　carpet
  arranged　beneath　a　beautiful　shady　mimosa；　where　I　waited　the　arrival　of
  the　true　king　of　the　ShillooksQuat　Kare。
  〃In　a　few　minutes　he　was　introduced　by　an　aide…de…camp；　accompanied　by
  two　wives；　four　daughters；　and　a　large　retinue。　Like　all　the　Shillooks；
  he　was　very　tall　and　thin。　As　his　wardrobe　looked　scanty　and　old；　I　at
  once　gave　him　a　long　blue　shirt　which　nearly　reached　to　his　ankles；
  together　with　an　Indian　red　scarf　to　wear　as　a　waistband。　When　thus
  attired　I　presented　him　with　a　tarboosh　（fez）；　all　of　which　presents　he
  received　without　a　smile　or　the　slightest　acknowledgment。　When　dressed
  with　the　assistance　of　two　or　three　of　the　soldiers　who　had　volunteered
  to　act　as　valets；　he　sat　down　on　the　carpet；　upon　which　he　invited　his
  family　to　sit　near　him。　There　was　a　profound　silence。　The　king　appeared
  to　have　no　power　of　speech；　he　simply　fixed　his　eyes　upon　myself　and　my
  wife；　then　slowly　turned　them　upon　Lieutenant　Baker　and　the　officers　in
  attendance。　The　crowd　was　perfectly　silent。
  〃I　was　obliged　to　commence　the　conversation　by　asking　him　‘whether　he
  was　really　Quat　Kare；　the　old　king　of　the　Shillooks？　as　I　had　heard　his
  death　reported。'
  〃Instead　of　replying；　he　conferred　with　one　of　his　wives；　a　woman　of
  about　sixty；　who　appeared　to　act　as　prime　minister　and　adviser。　This　old
  lady　immediately　took　up　the　discourse；　and　very　deliberately　related
  the　intrigues　of　the　Koordi　governor　of　Fashoda；　which　had　ended　in　the
  ruin　of　her　husband。　It　appeared　that　the　Koordi　did　not　wish　that　peace
  should　reign　throughout　the　land。　The　Shillooks　were　a　powerful　tribe；
  numbering　upwards　of　a　million；　therefore　it　was　advisable　to　sow
  dissension　amongst　them；　and　thus　destroy　their　unity。　Quat　Kare　was　a
  powerful　king；　who　had　ruled　the　country　for　more　than　fifty　years。　He
  was　the　direct　descendant　of　a　long　line　of　kings；　therefore　he　was　a
  man　whose　influence　was　to　be　dreaded。　The　policy　of　the　Koordi
  determined　that　he　would　overthrow　the　power　of　Quat　Kare；　and　after
  having　vainly　laid　snares　for　his　capture；　the　old　king　fled　from　the
  governor　of　Fashoda　as　David　fled　from　Saul　and　hid　in　the　cave　of
  Adullam。　The　Koordi　was　clever　and　cunning　in　intrigue；　thus；　he　wrote
  to　Djiaffer　Pacha；　the　governor…general　of　the　Soudan；　and　declared　that
  Quat　Kare　the　king　of　the　Shillooks　was　DEAD；　it　was　therefore　necessary
  to　elect　the　next　heir；　Jangy　for　whom　he　requested　the　firman　of　the
  Khedive。　The　firman　of　the　Khedive　arrived　in　due　course　for　the
  pretender　Jangy；　who　was　a　distant　connexion　of　Quat　Kare；　and　in　no　way
  entitled　to　the　succession。　This　intrigue　threw　the　country　into
  confusion。　Jangy　was　proclaimed　king　by　the　Koordi；　and　was　dressed　in　a
  scarlet　robe　with　belt　and　sabre。　The　pretender　got　together　a　large
  band　of　adherents　who　were　ready　for　any　adventure　that　might　yield　them
  plunder。　These　natives；　who　knew　the　paths　and　the　places　where　the　vast
  herds　of　cattle　were　concealed；　acted　as　guides　to　the　Koordi；　and　the
  faithful　adherents　of　the　old　king；　Quat　Kare；　were　plundered；
  oppressed；　and　enslaved　without　mercy；　until　the　day　that　I　had
  fortunately　arrived　in　the　Shillook　country；　and　caught　the　Koordi　in
  the　very　act　of　kidnapping。
  〃I　had　heard　this　story　a　few　days　before；　and　I　was　much　struck　with
  the　clear　and　forcible　manner　in　which　the　old　wife　described　the
  history。
  〃Here　we　have　an　average　picture　of　Soudan　rule。　In　a　country　blessed
  with　the　most　productive　soil　and　favourable　climate；　with　a　population
  estimated　at　above　a　million；　the　only　step　towards　improvement；　after
  seven　years　of　possession；　is　a　system　of　plunder　and　massacre。　Instead
  of　peace；　a　series　of　intrigues　have　thrown　the　country　into　hopeless
  anarchy。　With　a　good　government；　this　fertile　land　might　produce
  enormous　wealth　in　the　cultivation　of　corn　and　cotton。　I　arranged　with
  the　king　that　he　should　wait　patiently；　and　that　I　would　bring　the
  affair　before　the　proper　authority；　in　the　mean　time；　his　people　should
  return　to　their　villages。
  〃After　a　feast　upon　an　ox；　and　the　entertainment　of　the　magnetic　battery
  and　the　wheel　of　life；　I　gave　Quat　Kare；　and　the　various　members　of　his
  family；　an　assortment　of　presents；　and　sent　them　back　rejoicing　in　the
  No。　8　steamer。　I　had　been　amused　by　the　stoical　countenance　of　the　king
  while　undergoing　a　severe　shock　from　the　battery。　Although　every　muscle
  of　his　arms　was　quivering；　he　never　altered　the　expression　of　his
  features。　One　of　his　wives　followed　his　example；　and　resisted　a　shock
  with　great　determination；　and　after　many　attempts　she　succeeded　in
  extracting　a　necklace　from　a　basin　of　water　so　highly　charged；　that　her
  hand　was　completely　cramped　and　paralysed。
  〃I　have　thoroughly　gained　the　confidence　of　the　natives；　as　vast　herds
  of　cattle　are　now　fearlessly　brought　to　graze　on　the　large　island
  opposite　the　camp。　The　natives　assure　me　that　all　the　male　children　that
  may　be　born　this　year　will　be　called　the　‘Pacha；'　in　commemoration　of
  the　release　given　to　the　captives。
  〃A　soldier　was　caught　this　afternoon　in　the　act　of　stealing　a　fowl　from
  a　native。　I　had　him　flogged　and　secured　in　irons　for　five　days。　I　have
  determined　upon　the　strictest　discipline；　in　spite　of　the　old　prejudice。
  As　the　greater　portion　of　the　Egyptian　regiment　is　composed　of　felons；
  convicted　of　offences　in　Cairo；　and　transported　to　the　White　Nile；　my
  task　is　rather　difficult　in　establishing　a　reformation。　The　good　taste
  of　the　authorities　might　be　questioned　for　supplying　me　with　a　regiment
  of　convicts　to　carry　out　an　enterprise　where　a　high　state　of　discipline
  and　good　conduct　are　essential　to　success。〃
  I　gave　the　name　Tewfikeeyah　＇*＇　to　the　new　station；　which　rapidly　grew
  into　a　place　of　importance。　It　was　totally　unlike　an　Egyptian　camp；　as
  all　the　lines　were　straight。　Deep　ditches；　cut　in　every　necessary
  direction；　drained　the　station　to　the　river。　I　made　a　quay　about　500
  yards　in　length；　on　the　bank　of　the　river；　by　which　the　whole　fleet
  could　lie；　and　embark　or　disembark　cargo。　A　large　stable　contained　the
  twenty　horses；　which　by　great　care　had　kept　their　condition。　It　was
  absolutely　necessary　to　keep　them　in　a　dark　stable　on　account　of　the
  flies；　which　attacked　all　animals　in　swarms。　Even　within　the　darkened
  building　it　was　necessary　to　light　fires　composed　of　dried　horse…dung；
  to　drive　away　the　these　persecuting　insects。　The　hair　fell　completely
  off　the　ears　and　legs　of　the　donkeys　（which　were　allowed　to　ramble
  about）；　owing　to　the　swarms　of　flies　that　irritated　the　skin；　but　in
  spite　of　the　comparative　comfort　of　a　stable；　the　donkeys　preferred　a
  life　of　out…door　independence；　and　fell　off　in　condition　if　confined　to
  a　house。　The　worst　flies　were　the　small　grey　species；　with　a　long
  proboscis；　similar　to　those　that　are　often　seen　in　houses　in　England。
  ＇*Footnote：　After　the　Khedive's　eldest　son；　Mahomed　Tewfik　Pacha＇
  In　an　incredibly　short　time　the　station　fell　into　shape。　I　constructed
  three　magazines　of　galvanized　iron；　each　eighty　feet　in　length；　and　the
  head　storekeeper；　Mr。　Marcopolo；　at　last　completed　his　arduous　task　of
  storing　the　immense　amount　of　supplies　that　had　been　contained　in　the
  fleet　of　vessels。
  This　introduced　us　to　the　White　Nile　rats；　which