第 6 节
作者:猜火车      更新:2021-02-20 17:38      字数:9322
  Isosceles      population      an   object    which     every    statesman      in  Flatland
  constantly      keeps    in  view。   On    the   whole    thereforealthough        I  am   not
  ignorant that; in many popularly elected School Boards; there is a reaction
  in favour of 〃the cheap system〃 as it is called I am myself disposed to
  think   that   this   is   one   of   the   many   cases   in   which   expense   is   the   truest
  economy。
  But I must not allow questions of School Board politics to divert me
  from my subject。 Enough has been said; I trust; to shew that Recognition
  by  Feeling   is   not   so   tedious   or   indecisive   a   process   as   might   have   been
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  supposed;      and    it  is  obviously    more    trustworthy      than   Recognition      by
  hearing。 Still there remains; as has been pointed out above; the objection
  that this method is not without danger。 For this reason many in the Middle
  and Lower classes; and all without exception in the Polygonal and Circular
  orders; prefer a   third method;  the description of which   shall be   reserved
  for the nextSECTION。
  SECTION 6                Of Recognition by Sight
  I am about to appear very inconsistent。 In the previousSECTIONs I
  have said that all figures in Flatland present the appearance of a straight
  line;   and   it   was   added   or   implied;   that   it   is   consequently   impossible   to
  distinguish   by   the   visual   organ   between   individuals   of   different   classes:
  yet now I am about to explain to my Spaceland critics how we are able to
  recognize one another by the sense of sight。
  If however the Reader will take the trouble to refer to the passage in
  which Recognition by Feeling is stated to be   universal; he will find  this
  qualification〃among         the   lower    classes。〃   It  is  only  among     the   higher
  classes    and   in   our  more    temperate     climates    that   Sight   Recognition      is
  practised。
  That this power exists in any regions and for any classes is the result
  of Fog; which prevails during the greater part of the year in all parts save
  the   torrid   zones。  That   which   is   with   you   in   Spaceland   an   unmixed   evil;
  blotting out the landscape; depressing the spirits; and enfeebling the health;
  is by us recognized as a blessing scarcely inferior to air itself; and as the
  Nurse   of   arts   and   Parent   of   sciences。   But   let   me   explain   my   meaning;
  without further eulogies on this beneficent Element。
  If   Fog    were     non…existent;     all   lines   would     appear     equally    and
  indistinguishably   clear;   and   this   is   actually   the   case   in   those   unhappy
  countries   in   which   the   atmosphere   is   perfectly   dry   and   transparent。   But
  wherever there is a rich supply of Fog; objects that are at a distance; say of
  three feet; are appreciably dimmer than those at the distance of two feet
  eleven inches; and the result is that by careful and constant experimental
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  observation of comparative dimness and clearness; we are enabled to infer
  with great exactness the configuration of the object observed。
  An   instance   will do   more   than a   volume   of   generalities to   make   my
  meaning clear。
  Suppose       I  see   two   individuals     approaching       whose     rank    I  wish   to
  ascertain。 They  are;  we   will   suppose;  a   Merchant   and   a   Physician;  or   in
  other     words;     an   Equilateral     Triangle     and   a   Pentagon;      how    am    I  to
  distinguish them?
  It   will   be   obvious;   to   every  child   in   Spaceland  who   has   touched   the
  threshold   of   Geometrical   Studies;   that;   if   I   can   bring   my   eye   so   that   its
  glance may bisect an angle (A) of the approaching stranger; my view will
  lie as it were evenly between the two sides that are next to me (viz。 CA
  and AB);   so   that   I   shall   contemplate   the   two   impartially;   and   both   will
  appear of the same size。
  Now   in the   case   of   (1)   the   Merchant;   what   shall   I see?   I shall   see   a
  straight   line   DAE;   in   which   the   middle   point   (A)   will   be   very   bright
  because   it   is   nearest   to   me;   but   on   either   side   the   line   will   shade   away
  RAPIDLY          TO    DIMNESS;         because     the   sides    AC    and    AB    RECEDE
  RAPIDLY   INTO   THE   FOG   and   what   appear   to   me   as   the   Merchant's
  extremities; viz。 D and E; will be VERY DIM INDEED。
  On the other hand in the case of (2) the Physician; though I shall here
  also   see   a   line   (D'A'E')   with a   bright   centre   (A');   yet   it   will   shade   away
  LESS   RAPIDLY   to   dimness;   because   the   sides   (A'C';   A'B')               RECEDE
  LESS RAPIDLY INTO THE FOG: and what appear to me the Physician's
  extremities; viz。 D' and E'; will not be NOT SO DIM as the extremities of
  the Merchant。
  The Reader will probably understand from these two instances how
  after   a   very   long   training   supplemented   by   constant   experience   it   is
  possible for the well…educated classes among us to discriminate with fair
  accuracy between the middle and lowest orders; by the sense of sight。 If
  my Spaceland Patrons have grasped this general conception; so far as to
  conceive   the   possibility   of   it   and   not   to   reject   my   account   as   altogether
  incredibleI   shall   have   attained   all   I   can   reasonably   expect。   Were   I   to
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  attempt further details I should only perplex。 Yet for the sake of the young
  and     inexperienced;       who    may     perchance      inferfrom     the    two   simple
  instances I have given above; of the manner in which I should recognize
  my Father and my Sonsthat Recognition by sight is an easy affair; it may
  be needful   to   point   out that   in   actual   life  most of   the problems   of   Sight
  Recognition are far more subtle and complex。
  If   for  example;     when     my   Father;    the  Triangle;     approaches      me;   he
  happens to present his side to me instead of his angle; then; until I have
  asked him to rotate; or until I have edged my eye around him; I am for the
  moment   doubtful   whether   he   may   not   be   a   Straight   Line;   or;   in   other
  words;   a   Woman。 Again;   when   I   am   in   the   company   of   one   of   my   two
  hexagonal   Grandsons;   contemplating   one   of   his   sides   (AB)   full   front;   it
  will be evident from the accompanying diagram that I shall see one whole
  line (AB) in comparative brightness (shading off hardly at all at the ends)
  and two smaller lines (CA and BD) dim throughout and shading away into
  greater dimness towards the extremities C and D。
  But I must not give way to the temptation of enlarging on these topics。
  The meanest mathematician in Spaceland will readily believe me when I
  assert   that   the   problems   of   life;   which   present   themselves   to   the   well…
  educatedwhen   they   are         themselves      in  motion;    rotating;    advancing     or
  retreating; and at the same time attempting to discriminate by the sense of
  sight   between   a   number   of   Polygons   of   high   rank   moving   in   different
  directions; as for example in a ball…room or conversazionemust be of a
  nature to task the angularity of the most intellectual; and amply justify the
  rich endowments of the Learned Professors of Geometry; both Static and
  Kinetic; in the illustrious University of Wentbridge; where the Science and
  Art of Sight Recognition are regularly taught to large classes of the ELITE
  of the States。
  It is only a few of the scions of our noblest and wealthiest houses; who
  are    able    to  give    the   time    and    money      necessary     for   the   thorough
  prosecution of this noble and valuable Art。 Even to me; a Mathematician
  of    no   mean    standing;     and   the   Grandfather      of  two    most    hopeful    and
  perfectly   regular   Hexagons;   to   find   myself   in   the   midst   of   a   crowd   of
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  rotating   Polygons   of   the   higher   classes;   is   occasionally   very   perplexing。
  And of course to a common Tradesman; or Serf; such a sight is almost as
  unintelligible     as   it