第 1 节
作者:猜火车      更新:2021-02-20 17:38      字数:9321
  Flatland
  Flatland
  by Edwin A。 Abbott                                                        1884
  1
  … Page 2…
  Flatland
  PART 1
  THIS WORLD
  SECTION 1               Of the Nature of Flatland
  I call our world Flatland; not because we call it so; but to make its
  nature   clearer   to   you;   my   happy   readers;   who   are   privileged   to   live   in
  Space。
  Imagine     a  vast   sheet   of  paper   on   which    straight   Lines;   Triangles;
  Squares;   Pentagons;   Hexagons;   and   other   figures;   instead   of   remaining
  fixed in their places; move freely about; on or in the surface; but without
  the power of rising above or sinking below it; very much like shadows
  only  hard   with   luminous   edgesand   you   will   then   have   a   pretty   correct
  notion   of   my   country   and   countrymen。 Alas;   a   few   years   ago;   I   should
  have   said   〃my   universe:〃   but   now   my   mind   has   been   opened   to   higher
  views   of   things。   In   such   a   country;   you   will   perceive   at   once   that   it   is
  impossible that there should be anything of what you call a 〃solid〃 kind;
  but I dare say you will suppose that we could at least distinguish by sight
  the    Triangles;    Squares;    and    other   figures;   moving      about    as  I  have
  described them。 On the contrary; we could see nothing of the kind; not at
  least so as to distinguish one figure from another。 Nothing was visible; nor
  could be visible; to us; except Straight Lines; and the necessity of this I
  will speedily demonstrate。
  Place   a   penny   on   the   middle   of   one   of   your   tables   in   Space;   and
  leaning over it; look down upon it。 It will appear a circle。
  But now; drawing back to the edge of the table; gradually lower your
  eye    (thus   bringing    yourself   more    and   more    into  the   condition    of  the
  inhabitants of Flatland); and you will find the penny becoming more and
  more oval to your view; and at last when you have placed your eye exactly
  on the edge of the table (so that you are; as it were; actually a Flatlander)
  2
  … Page 3…
  Flatland
  the   penny   will   then   have   ceased   to   appear   oval   at   all;   and   will   have
  become; so far as you can see; a straight line。
  The same thing would happen if you were to treat in the same way a
  Triangle; or a Square; or any other figure cut out from pasteboard。 As soon
  as you look at it with your eye on the edge of the table; you will find that it
  ceases to appear to you as a figure; and that it becomes in appearance a
  straight   line。   Take   for   example   an   equilateral   Trianglewho   represents
  with   us   a   Tradesman   of   the   respectable   class。   Figure   1   represents   the
  Tradesman as you would see him while you were bending over him from
  above; figures 2 and 3 represent the Tradesman; as you would see him if
  your eye were close to the level; or all but on the level of the table; and if
  your eye were quite on the level of the table (and that is how we see him
  in Flatland) you would see nothing but a straight line。
  When I was in Spaceland I heard that your sailors have very similar
  experiences while they traverse your seas and discern some distant island
  or coast lying on the horizon。 The far…off land may have bays; forelands;
  angles in and out to any number and extent; yet at a distance you see none
  of   these   (unless   indeed   your   sun   shines   bright   upon   them   revealing   the
  projections   and   retirements   by   means   of   light   and   shade);   nothing   but   a
  grey unbroken line upon the water。
  Well;   that   is   just   what   we   see   when   one   of   our   triangular   or   other
  acquaintances comes towards us in Flatland。 As there is neither sun with
  us; nor any light of such a kind as to make shadows; we have none of the
  helps to the sight that you have in Spaceland。 If our friend comes closer to
  us we see his line becomes larger; if he leaves us it becomes smaller; but
  still   he   looks   like   a   straight   line;   be   he   a   Triangle;   Square;   Pentagon;
  Hexagon; Circle; what you will a straight Line he looks and nothing else。
  You may perhaps ask how under these disadvantagous circumstances
  we are able to distinguish our friends from one another: but the answer to
  this very natural question will be more fitly and easily given when I come
  to   describe   the   inhabitants   of   Flatland。   For   the   present   let   me   defer   this
  subject;     and   say   a  word    or  two    about   the   climate    and   houses     in  our
  country。
  3
  … Page 4…
  Flatland
  SECTION 2                Of the Climate and Houses in
  Flatland
  As   with   you;   so   also   with   us;   there   are   four   points   of   the   compass
  North; South; East; and West。
  There being no sun nor other heavenly bodies; it is impossible for us to
  determine the North in the usual way; but we have a method of our own。
  By a Law of Nature with us; there is a constant attraction to the South; and;
  although in temperate climates this is very slight so that even a Woman
  in reasonable health can journey several furlongs northward without much
  difficulty   yet   the   hampering   effort   of   the   southward   attraction   is   quite
  sufficient to serve as a compass in most parts of our earth。 Moreover; the
  rain (which falls at stated intervals) coming always from the North; is an
  additional assistance; and in the towns we have the guidance of the houses;
  which of course have their side…walls running for the most part North and
  South;   so   that   the   roofs   may   keep   off   the   rain   from   the   North。   In   the
  country; where there are no houses; the trunks of the trees serve as some
  sort   of   guide。   Altogether;   we   have   not   so   much   difficulty   as   might   be
  expected in determining our bearings。
  Yet in our more temperate regions; in which the southward attraction is
  hardly  felt;   walking   sometimes   in   a   perfectly  desolate   plain   where   there
  have   been   no   houses   nor   trees   to   guide   me;   I   have   been   occasionally
  compelled   to   remain   stationary   for   hours   together;   waiting   till   the   rain
  came before continuing my journey。 On the weak and aged; and especially
  on delicate Females; the force of attraction tells much more heavily than
  on the robust of the Male Sex; so that it is a point of breeding; if you meet
  a Lady on the street; always to give her the North side of the wayby no
  means   an   easy  thing   to   do   always   at   short   notice   when   you   are   in   rude
  health and in a climate where it is difficult to tell your North from  your
  South。
  Windows there are none in our houses: for the light comes to us alike
  4
  … Page 5…
  Flatland
  in our homes and out of them; by day and by night; equally at all times and
  in all places; whence we know not。 It was in old days; with our learned
  men;   an   interesting   and   oft…investigate   question;   〃What   is   the   origin   of
  light?〃 and the solution of it has been repeatedly attempted; with no other
  result than to crowd our lunatic asylums with the would…be solvers。 Hence;
  after    fruitless   attempts     to  suppress     such   investigations      indirectly    by
  making them liable to a heavy tax; the Legislature; in comparatively recent
  times; absolutely prohibited them。 Ialas; I alone in Flatlandknow now
  only    too   well   the   true   solution    of  this   mysterious     problem;     but   my
  knowledge cannot be made intelligible to a single one of my countrymen;
  and I am mocked at I; the sole possessor of the truths of Space and of the
  theory of the introduction of Light from the world of three Dimensionsas
  if I were the maddest of the mad! But a truce to these painful digressions:
  let me return to our homes。
  The most common form for the construction of a house is five…sided or
  pentagonal;   as   in   the   annexed   figure。   The   two   Northern   sides   RO;   OF;
  constitute the roof; and for the most part have no doors; on the East is a
  small door for the Women; on the West a much larger one for the Men; the
  South side or