striking　terror　into　others。　For　the　most　part；　slavery　is　the
  punishment　even　of　the　greatest　crimes；　for　as　that　is　no　less
  terrible　to　the　criminals　themselves　than　death；　so　they　think　the
  preserving　them　in　a　state　of　servitude　is　more　for　the　interest
  of　the　commonwealth　than　killing　them；　since　as　their　labor　is　a
  greater　benefit　to　the　public　than　their　death　could　be；　so　the
  sight　of　their　misery　is　a　more　lasting　terror　to　other　men　than
  that　which　would　be　given　by　their　death。　If　their　slaves　rebel；
  and　will　not　bear　their　yoke　and　submit　to　the　labor　that　is
  enjoined　them；　they　are　treated　as　wild　beasts　that　cannot　be　kept
  in　order；　neither　by　a　prison　nor　by　their　chains；　and　are　at　last
  put　to　death。　But　those　who　bear　their　punishment　patiently；　and
  are　so　much　wrought　on　by　that　pressure　that　lies　so　hard　on　them
  that　it　appears　they　are　really　more　troubled　for　the　crimes　they
  have　committed　than　for　the　miseries　they　suffer；　are　not　out　of
  hope　but　that　at　last　either　the　Prince　will；　by　his　prerogative；
  or　the　people　by　their　intercession；　restore　them　again　to　their
  liberty；　or　at　least　very　much　mitigate　their　slavery。　He　that
  tempts　a　married　woman　to　adultery　is　no　less　severely　punished
  than　he　that　commits　it；　for　they　believe　that　a　deliberate　design
  to　commit　a　crime　is　equal　to　the　fact　itself：　since　its　not
  taking　effect　does　not　make　the　person　that　miscarried　in　his
  attempt　at　all　the　less　guilty。
  They　take　great　pleasure　in　fools；　and　as　it　is　thought　a　base　and
  unbecoming　thing　to　use　them　ill；　so　they　do　not　think　it　amiss
  for　people　to　divert　themselves　with　their　folly：　and；　in　their
  opinion；　this　is　a　great　advantage　to　the　fools　themselves：　for　if
  men　were　so　sullen　and　severe　as　not　at　all　to　please　themselves
  with　their　ridiculous　behavior　and　foolish　sayings；　which　is　all
  that　they　can　do　to　recommend　themselves　to　others；　it　could　not
  be　expected　that　they　would　be　so　well　provided　for；　nor　so
  tenderly　used　as　they　must　otherwise　be。　If　any　man　should
  reproach　another　for　his　being　misshaped　or　imperfect　in　any　part
  of　his　body；　it　would　not　at　all　be　thought　a　reflection　on　the
  person　so　treated；　but　it　would　be　accounted　scandalous　in　him
  that　had　upbraided　another　with　what　he　could　not　help。　It　is
  thought　a　sign　of　a　sluggish　and　sordid　mind　not　to　preserve
  carefully　one's　natural　beauty；　but　it　is　likewise　infamous　among
  them　to　use　paint。　They　all　see　that　no　beauty　recommends　a　wife
  so　much　to　her　husband　as　the　probity　of　her　life；　and　her
  obedience：　for　as　some　few　are　caught　and　held　only　by　beauty；　so
  all　are　attracted　by　the　other　excellences　which　charm　all　the
  world。
  As　they　fright　men　from　committing　crimes　by　punishments；　so　they
  invite　them　to　the　love　of　virtue　by　public　honors：　therefore　they
  erect　statues　to　the　memories　of　such　worthy　men　as　have　deserved
  well　of　their　country；　and　set　these　in　their　market…places；　both
  to　perpetuate　the　remembrance　of　their　actions；　and　to　be　an
  incitement　to　their　posterity　to　follow　their　example。
  If　any　man　aspires　to　any　office；　he　is　sure　never　to　compass　it：
  they　all　live　easily　together；　for　none　of　the　magistrates　are
  either　insolent　or　cruel　to　the　people：　they　affect　rather　to　be
  called　fathers；　and　by　being　really　so；　they　well　deserve　the
  name；　and　the　people　pay　them　all　the　marks　of　honor　the　more
  freely；　because　none　are　exacted　from　them。　The　Prince　himself　has
  no　distinction；　either　of　garments　or　of　a　crown；　but　is　only
  distinguished　by　a　sheaf　of　corn　carried　before　him；　as　the　high…
  priest　is　also　known　by　his　being　preceded　by　a　person　carrying　a
  wax　light。
  They　have　but　few　laws；　and　such　is　their　constitution　that　they
  need　not　many。　They　very　much　condemn　other　nations；　whose　laws；
  together　with　the　commentaries　on　them；　swell　up　to　so　many
  volumes；　for　they　think　it　an　unreasonable　thing　to　oblige　men　to
  obey　a　body　of　laws　that　are　both　of　such　a　bulk　and　so　dark　as
  not　to　be　read　and　understood　by　every　one　of　the　subjects。
  They　have　no　lawyers　among　them；　for　they　consider　them　as　a　sort
  of　people　whose　profession　it　is　to　disguise　matters　and　to　wrest
  the　laws；　and　therefore　they　think　it　is　much　better　that　every
  man　should　plead　his　own　cause；　and　trust　it　to　the　judge；　as　in
  other　places　the　client　trusts　it　to　a　counsellor。　By　this　means
  they　both　cut　off　many　delays；　and　find　out　truth　more　certainly：
  for　after　the　parties　have　laid　open　the　merits　of　the　cause；
  without　those　artifices　which　lawyers　are　apt　to　suggest；　the
  judge　examines　the　whole　matter；　and　supports　the　simplicity　of
  such　well…meaning　persons；　whom　otherwise　crafty　men　would　be　sure
  to　run　down：　and　thus　they　avoid　those　evils　which　appear　very
  remarkably　among　all　those　nations　that　labor　under　a　vast　load　of
  laws。　Every　one　of　them　is　skilled　in　their　law；　for　as　it　is　a
  very　short　study；　so　the　plainest　meaning　of　which　words　are
  capable　is　always　the　sense　of　their　laws。　And　they　argue　thus：
  all　laws　are　promulgated　for　this　end；　that　every　man　may　know　his
  duty；　and　therefore　the　plainest　and　most　obvious　sense　of　the
  words　is　that　which　ought　to　be　put　upon　them；　since　a　more
  refined　exposition　cannot　be　easily　comprehended；　and　would　only
  serve　to　make　the　laws　become　useless　to　the　greater　part　of
  mankind；　and　especially　to　those　who　need　most　the　direction　of
  them：　for　it　is　all　one；　not　to　make　a　law　at　all；　or　to　couch　it
  in　such　terms　that　without　a　quick　apprehension；　and　much　study；　a
  man　cannot　find　out　the　true　meaning　of　it；　since　the　generality
  of　mankind　are　both　so　dull　and　so　much　employed　in　their　several
  trades　that　they　have　neither　the　leisure　nor　the　capacity
  requisite　for　such　an　inquiry。
  Some　of　their　neighbors；　who　are　masters　of　their　own　liberties；
  having　long　ago；　by　the　assistance　of　the　Utopians；　shaken　off　the
  yoke　of　tyranny；　and　being　much　taken　with　those　virtues　which
  they　observe　among　them；　have　come　to　desire　that　they　would　send
  magistrates　to　govern　them；　some　changing　them　every　year；　and
  others　every　five　years。　At　the　end　of　their　government　they　bring
  them　back　to　Utopia；　with　great　expressions　of　honor　and　esteem；
  and　carry　away　others　to　govern　in　their　stead。　In　this　they　seem
  to　have　fallen　upon　a　very　good　expedient　for　their　own　happiness
  and　safety；　for　since　the　good　or　ill　condition　of　a　nation
  depends　so　much　upon　their　magistrates；　they　could　not　have　made　a
  better　choice　than　by　pitching　on　men　whom　no　advantages　can　bias；
  for　wealth　is　of　no　use　to　them；　since　they　must　so　soon　go　back
  to　their　own　country；　and　they　being　strangers　among　them；　are　not
  engaged　in　any　of　their　heats　or　animosities；　and　it　is　certain
  that　when　public　judicatories　are　swayed；　either　by　avarice　or
  partial　affections；　there　must　follow　a　dissolution　of　justice；
  the　chief　sinew　of　society。
  The　Utopians　call　those　nations　that　come　and　ask　magistrates　from
  them；　neighbors；　but　those　to　whom　they　have　been　of　more
  particular　service；　friends。　And　as　all　other　nations　are
  perpetually　either　making　leagues　or　breaking　them；　they　never
  enter　into　an　alliance　with　any　State。　They　think　leagues　are
  useless　things；　and　believe　that　if　the　common　ties　of　humanity　do
  not　knit　men　together；　the　faith　of　promises　will　have　no　great
  effect；　and　they　are　the　more　confirmed　in　this　by　what　they　see
  among　the　nations　round　about　them；　who　are　no　strict　observers　of
  leagues　and　treaties。　We　know　how　religiously　they　are　observed　in
  Europe；　more　particularly　where　the　Christian　doctrine　is
  received；　among　whom　they　are　sacred　and　inviolable；　which　is
  partly　owing　to　the　justice　and　goodness　of　the　princes
  themselves；　and　partly　to　the　reverence　they　pay　to　the　popes；　who
  as　they　are　most　religious　observers　of　their　own　promises；　so
  they　exhort　all　other　princes　to　perform　theirs；　and　when　fainter
  methods　do　not　prevail；　they　compel　them　to　it　by　the　severity　of
  the　pastoral　censure；　and　think　that　it　would　be　the　most　indecent
  thing　possi