第 1 节
作者:当当当当      更新:2021-02-20 17:03      字数:9320
  History Of The Britons
  History Of The Britons
  Nennius
  Translated by J。 A。 Giles
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  History Of The Britons
  I。 The Prologue。
  1。 Nennius; the lowly minister and servant of the servants of God; by
  the   grace   of   God;   disciple   of   St。   Elbotus;*   to   all   the   followers   of   truth
  sendeth health。 * Or Elvod; bishop of Bangor; A。D。 755; who first adopted
  in the Cambrian church the new cycle for regulating Easter。
  Be   it   known   to   your   charity;   that   being   dull   in   intellect   and   rude   of
  speech; I  have presumed   to deliver these things in   the Latin   tongue;  not
  trusting to my own learning; which is little or none at all; but partly from
  traditions   of   our   ancestors;   partly   from   writings   and   monuments   of   the
  ancient inhabitants of Britain; partly from the annals of the Romans; and
  the    chronicles     of   the   sacred     fathers;    Isidore;   Hieronymus;        Prosper;
  Eusebius;   and   from   the   histories   of   the   Scots   and   Saxons;   although   our
  enemies; not following my own inclinations; but; to the best of my ability;
  obeying   the   commands   of   my  seniors;   I   have   lispingly  put   together   this
  history from various sources; and have endeavored; from shame; to deliver
  down to posterity the few remaining ears of corn about past transactions;
  that they might not be trodden under foot; seeing that an ample crop has
  been snatched away already by the hostile reapers of foreign nations。 For
  many things have been in my way; and I; to this day; have hardly been able
  to   understand;   even   superficially;   as   was   necessary;   the   sayings   of   other
  men; much less was I able in my own strength; but like a barbarian; have I
  murdered and defiled the language of others。 But I bore about with me an
  inward   wound;   and   I   was   indignant;   that   the   name   of   my   own   people;
  formerly   famous   and   distinguished;   should   sink   into   oblivion;   and   like
  smoke      be   dissipated。    But   since;   however;      I  had   rather   myself    be   the
  historian   of   the   Britons   than   nobody;   although   so   many  are   to   be   found
  who might much more satisfactorily discharge the labour thus imposed on
  me;     I  humbly     entreat    my   readers;    whose     ears   I  may     offend    by   the
  inelegance of my words; that they will fulfil the wish of my seniors; and
  grant me the easy task of listening with candour to my history。 For zealous
  efforts very often fail: but bold enthusiasm; were it in its power; would not
  suffer me to fail。 May; therefore; candour be shown where the inelegance
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  History Of The Britons
  of my words is insufficient; and may the truth of this history;  which my
  rustic tongue has ventured;   as a   kind   of   plough; to trace out in   furrows;
  lose none of its influence from that cause; in the ears of my hearers。 For it
  is better to drink   a   wholesome   draught of   truth   from  the   humble vessel;
  than poison mixed with honey from a golden goblet。
  2。 And do not be loath; diligent reader; to winnow my chaff; and lay up
  the wheat in the storehouse of your memory: for truth regards not who is
  the speaker; nor in what manner it is spoken; but that the thing be true; and
  she does not despise the jewel which she has rescued from the mud; but
  she adds it to her former treasures。
  For I  yield to   those who   are greater  and more  eloquent   than   myself;
  who;      kindled    with    generous      ardour;    have    endeavoured       by    Roman
  eloquence to smooth the jarring elements of their tongue; if they have left
  unshaken any pillar of history which I wished to see remain。 This history
  therefore has been compiled from a wish to benefit my inferiors; not from
  envy   of   those   who   are   superior   to   me;   in   the   858th   year   of   our   Lord's
  incarnation; and in the 24th year of Mervin; king of the Britons; and I hope
  that the prayers of my betters will be offered up for me in recompence of
  my   labour。   But   this   is   sufficient   by   way   of   preface。   I   shall   obediently
  accomplish the rest to the utmost of my power。
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  History Of The Britons
  II。 The Apology of Nennius
  Here begins the apology of Nennius; the historiographer of the Britons;
  of the race of the Britons。
  3。 I; Nennius; disciple of St。 Elbotus; have endeavoured to write some
  extracts   which   the   dulness   of   the   British   nation   had   cast   away;   because
  teachers had no knowledge; nor gave any information in their books about
  this island of Britain。 But I have got together all that I could find as well
  from the annals of the Romans as from the chronicles of the sacred fathers;
  Hieronymus; Eusebius; Isidorus; Prosper; and from the annals of the Scots
  and   Saxons;   and   from   our   ancient   traditions。   Many   teachers   and   scribes
  have   attempted   to   write   this;   but   somehow   or   other   have   abandoned   it
  from   its   difficulty;   either   on   account    of  frequent    deaths;    or  the   often
  recurring   calamities   of   war。   I   pray  that   every  reader   who   shall   read   this
  book; may pardon me; for having attempted; like a chattering jay; or like
  some weak witness; to write these things; after they had failed。 I yield to
  him who knows more of these things than I do。
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  History Of The Britons
  III。 The History。
  4; 5。 From Adam to the flood; are two thousand and forty…two years。
  From the flood of Abraham; nine hundred and forty…two。 》From Abraham
  to Moses; six hundred。* From Moses to Solomon; and the first building of
  the    temple;    four   hundred     and    forty…eight。    》From     Solomon      to   the
  rebuilding of the temple; which was under Darius; king of the Persians; six
  hundred and twelve years are computed。  From Darius to the ministry  of
  our Lord Jesus Christ; and to the fifteenth year of the emperor Tiberius;
  are five hundred and forty…eight years。 So that from Adam to the ministry
  of Christ and the fifteenth year of the emperor Tiberius; are five thousand
  two    hundred     and   twenty…eight     years。  From     the  passion    of  Christ   are
  completed nine hundred and forty…six; from his incarnation; nine hundred
  and seventy…six: being the fifth year of Edmund; king of the Angles。 * And
  forty; according to Stevenson's new edition。 The rest of this chronology is
  much   contracted   in   several   of   the   manuscripts;   and   hardly   two   of   them
  contain it exactly the same。
  6。 The first age of the world is from Adam to Noah; the second from
  Noah   to   Abraham;   the   third   from   Abraham   to   David;   the   fourth   from
  David to Daniel; the fifth to John the Baptist; the sixth from John to the
  judgment; when our Lord Jesus Christ will come to judge the living and
  the dead; and the world by fire。
  The   first Julius。 The second   Claudius。 The   third   Severus。 The   fourth
  Carinus。      The    fifth  Constantius。      The    sixth   Maximus。      The    seventh
  Maximianus。         The    eighth    another     Severus     Aequantius。      The    ninth
  Constantius。*   * This   list   of   the   Roman   emperors   who   visited   Britain;   is
  omitted in many of the MSS。
  Here beginneth the history of the Britons; edited by Mark the anchorite;
  a holy bishop of that people。
  7。 The island of Britain derives its name from Brutus; a Roman consul。
  Taken from the south…west point it inclines a little towards the west; and to
  its northern extremity measures eight hundred miles; and is in breadth two
  hundred。 It contains thirty three cities;'1' viz。
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  History Of The Britons
  1。   Cair    ebrauc    (York)。    2。  Cair   ceint   (Canterbury)。      3。  Cair   gurcoc
  (Anglesey?)。 4。 Cair guorthegern '2' 5。 Cair custeint (Carnarvon)。 6。 Cair
  guoranegon   (Worcester)。   7。   Cair   segeint   (Silchester)。   8。   Cair   guin   truis
  (Norwich;   or      Winwick)。      9。   Cair  merdin     (Caermarthen)。   10。      Cair    peris
  (Porchester)。       11。   Cair    lion   (Caerleon…upon…Usk)。          12。    Cair    mencipit
  (Verulam)。   13。