第 43 节
作者:
美丽心点 更新:2021-02-20 16:51 字数:9322
XVII。 〃Wonder at them〃 (18) : i。e。 mankind。
XXXVII。 〃Chrysippus〃 (42): C。 refers to a passage of Plutarch De Communibus Notitiis (c。 xiv。); where Chrysippus is represented as saying that a coarse phrase may be vile in itself; yet have due place in a comedy as contributing to a certain effect。
XL。 〃Man or men 。 。 。〃 There is no hiatus in the Greek; which means: 〃Whatever (is beneficial) for a man is so for other men also。〃
XLII。 There is no hiatus in the Greek。
BOOK VII IX。 C。 translates his conjecture mh for h。 The Greek means 〃 straight; or rectified;〃 with a play on the literal and metaphorical meaning of ortoz。
XIV。 endaimonia。 contains the word daimwn in composition。 XXII。The text is corrupt; but the words 〃or if it be but few 〃 should be 〃that is little enough。〃
XXIII。 〃Plato〃: Republic; vi。 p。 486 A。
XXV。 〃It will;〃 etc。 Euripides; Belerophon; frag。 287 (Nauck)。
〃Lives;〃 etc。 Euripides; Hypsipyle; frag。 757 (Nauck)。 〃As long;〃 etc。 Aristophanes; Acharne; 66 i。
〃Plato〃 Apology; p。 28 B。
〃For thus〃 Apology; p。 28 F。
XXVI。 〃But; 0 noble sir;〃 etc。 Plato; Gorgias; 512 D。 XXVII。 〃And as for those parts;〃 etc。 A quotation from Euripides; Chryssipus; frag。 839 (Nauck)。
〃With meats;〃 etc。 From Euripides; Supplices; 1110。 XXXIII。 〃They both;〃 i。e。 life and wrestling。
〃Says he〃 (63): Plato; quoted by Epictetus; Arr。 i。 28; 2 and 22。
XXXVII。 〃How know we;〃 etc。 The Greek means: 〃how know we whether Telauges were not nobler in character than Sophocles?〃 The allusion is unknown。
XXVII。 〃Frost〃 The word is written by Casaubon as a proper name; 〃 Pagus。'
〃The hardihood of Socrates was famous〃; see Plato; Siymposium; p。 220。
BOOK X XXII。 The Greek means; 〃paltry breath bearing up corpses; so that the tale of Dead Man's Land is clearer。〃
XXII。 〃The poet〃 (21) : Euripides; frag。 898 (Nauck); compare Aeschylus; Danaides; frag。 44。
XXIV。 〃Plato〃 (23): Theaetetus; p。 174 D。
XXXIV。 〃The poet〃 (34): Homer; Iliad; vi。 147。
XXXIV。 〃Wood〃: A translation of ulh; 〃matter。〃
XXXVIII。 〃Rhetoric〃 (38): Rather 〃the gift of speech〃; or perhaps the 〃decree〃 of the reasoning faculty。
BOOK XI V。 〃Cithaeron〃 (6) : Oedipus utters this cry after discovering that he has fulfilled his awful doom; he was exposed on Cithaeron as an infant to die; and the cry implies that he wishes he had died there。 Sophocles; Oedipus Tyrannus; 1391。
V。 〃New Comedy 。 。 。;〃 etc。 C。 has here strayed from the Greek rather widely。 Translate: 〃and understand to what end the New Comedy was adopted; which by small degrees degenerated into a mere show of skill in mimicry。〃 C。 writes Comedia Vetus; Media; Nova。 XII。 〃Phocion〃 (13): When about to be put to death he charged his son to bear no malice against the Athenians。
XXVIII。 〃 My heart;〃 etc。 (31): From Homer; Odyssey ix。 413。 〃They will〃 From Hesiod; Opera et Dies; 184。
〃Epictetus〃 Arr。 i。 II; 37。
XXX。 〃Cut down grapes〃 (35): Correct 〃ears of corn。〃 〃Epictetus〃(36): Arr。 3; 22; 105。
GLOSSARY
This Glossary includes all proper names (excepting a few which are insignificant or unknown) and all obsolete or obscure words。 ADRIANUS; or Hadrian (76…138 A。 D。); i4th Roman Emperor。
Agrippa; M。 Vipsanius (63…12 B。C。); a distinguished soldier under Augustus。
Alexander the Great; King of Macedonia; and Conqueror of the East; 356…323 B。C。
Antisthenes of Athens; founder of the sect of Cynic philosophers; and an opponent of Plato; 5th century B。C Antoninus Pius; 15th Roman Emperor; 138…161 AD。 one of the best princes that ever mounted a throne。
Apathia: the Stoic ideal was calmness in all circumstance an insensibility to pain; and absence of all exaltation at; pleasure or good fortune。
Apelles; a famous painter of antiquity。
Apollonius of Alexandria; called Dyscolus; or the 'ill…tempered;'
a great grammarian。
Aposteme; tumour; excrescence。
Archimedes of Syracuse 287…212 B。C。; the most famous mathematician of antiquity。
Athos; a mountain promontory at the N。 of the Aegean Sea。
Augustus; first Roman Emperor (ruled 31 B。C。…14 AD。)。
Avoid; void。
BACCHIUS: there Were several persons of this name; and the one meant is perhaps the musician。
Brutus (1) the liberator of the Roman people from their kings; and (2) the murderer of Caesar。
Both names were household words。
Caesar; Caius; Julius; the Dictator and Conqueror。
Caieta; a town in Latium。
Camillus; a famous dictator in the early days of the Roman Republic。
Carnuntum; a town on the Danube in Upper Pannonia。
Cato; called of Utica; a Stoic who died by his own hand after the battle of Thapsus; 46 B。C。 His name was proverbial for virtue and courage。
Cautelous; cautious。
Cecrops; first legendary King of Athens。
Charax; perhaps the priestly historian of that name; whose date is unknown; except that it must be later than Nero。
Chirurgeon; surgeon。
Chrysippus; 280…207 B。C。; a Stoic philosopher; and the founder of Stoicism as a systematic philosophy。
Circus; the Circus Maximus at Rome; where games were held。
There were four companies who contracted to provide horses; drivers; etc。 These were called Factiones; and each had its distinguishing colour: russata (red); albata (white); veneta (blue); prasina (green)。 There was high rivalry between them; and riots and bloodshed not infrequently。
Cithaeron; a mountain range N。
of Attica。
Comedy; ancient; a term applied to the Attic comedy of Aristophanes and his time; which criticised persons and politics; like a modern comic journal; such as Punck。 See New Comedy。
Compendious; short。
Conceit; opinion。
Contentation; contentment。
Crates; a Cynic philosopher of the 4th century B。C。
Croesus; King of Lydia; proverbial for wealth; he reigned 560…546 B。C。
Cynics; a school of philosophers; founded by Antisthenes。 Their texts were a kind of caricature of Socraticism。 Nothing was good but virtue; nothing bad but vice。 The Cynics repudiated all civil and social claims; and attempted to return to what they called a state of nature。 Many of them were very disgusting in their manners。
DEMETRIUS of Phalerum; an Athenian orator; statesman; philosopher; and poet。 Born 345 B。C。
Democritus of Abdera (460…361 B。C。); celebrated as the 'laughing philosopher;' whose constant thought was 'What fools these mortals be。' He invented the Atomic Theory。
Dio of Syracuse; a disciple of Plato; and afterwards tyrant of Syracuse。 Murdered 353 B。C。
Diogenes; the Cynic; born about 412 B。C。; renowned for his rude…
ness and hardihood。
Diognetus; a painter。
Dispense with; put up with。
Dogmata; pithy sayings; or philosophical rules of life。
EMPEDOCLES of Agrigentum; fl。
5th century B。C。; a philosopher; who first laid down that there were 〃four elements。〃 He believed in the transmigration of souls; and the indestructibility of matter。
Epictetus; a famous Stoic philosopher。 He was of Phrygia; at first a slave; then freedman; lame; poor; and contented。
The work called Encheiridion was compiled by a pupil from his discourses。
Epicureans; a sect of philosophers founded by Epicurus; who 〃combined the physics of Democritus;〃 i。e。 the atomic theory; 〃with the ethics of Aristippus。〃
They proposed to live for happiness; but the word did not bear that coarse and vulgar sense originally which it soon took。
Epicurus of Samos; 342…270 B。C。
Lived at Athens in his 〃gardens;〃 an urbane and kindly; if somewhat useless; life。 His character was simple and temperate; and had none of the vice or indulgence which was afterwards associated with the name of Epicurean。
Eudoxus of Cnidus; a famous astronomer and physician of the 4th century B。 C。
FATAL; fated。
Fortuit; chance (adj。)。
Fronto; M。 Cornelius; a rhetorician and pleader; made consul in 143 A。D。 A number of his letters to M; Aur。 and others are extant。
GRANUA; a tributary of the Danube。
HELICE; ancient capital city of Achaia; swallowed up by an earthquake; 373 B。C。
Helvidius Priscus; son…in…law of Thrasea Paetus; a noble man and a lover of liberty。 He was banished by Nero; and put to death by Vespasian。
Heraclitus of Ephesus; who lived in the 6th century B。C。 He wrote on philosophy and natural science。
Herculaneum; near Mount Vesuvius; buried by the eruption of 79 AD。
Hercules; p。 167; should be Apollo。 See Muses。
Hiatus; gap。
Hipparchus of Bithynia; an astronomer of the 2nd century B。C。; 〃The true father of astronomy。〃
Hippocrates of Cos; about 460…357 B。C。 One of the most famous physicians of antiquity。
IDIOT; means merely the non…proficient in anything; the 〃layman;〃 he who was not technically trained in any art; craft; or calling。
LEONNATUS; a distinguished general under Alexander the Great。
Lucilla; daughter of M。 Aurelius; and wife of Verus; whom she survived。
MAECENAS; a trusted adviser of Augustus; and a munificent patron of wits and literary men。
Maximus; Claudius; a Stoic philosopher。
Menippus; a Cynic philosopher。
Meteores; ta metewrologika; 〃high philosophy;〃 used specially of astronomy and natural philosophy; which were bound up with other speculations。
Middle Comedy; something midway between the Old and New Come