第 43 节
作者:美丽心点      更新:2021-02-20 16:51      字数:9322
  XVII。  〃Wonder at them〃 (18) : i。e。 mankind。
  XXXVII。  〃Chrysippus〃 (42): C。 refers to a passage of Plutarch De Communibus Notitiis (c。 xiv。); where Chrysippus is represented as saying that a coarse phrase may be vile in itself; yet have due place in a comedy as contributing to a certain effect。
  XL。  〃Man or men 。 。 。〃 There is no hiatus in the Greek; which means: 〃Whatever (is beneficial) for a man is so for other men also。〃
  XLII。  There is no hiatus in the Greek。
  BOOK VII IX。  C。 translates his conjecture mh for h。 The Greek means 〃 straight; or rectified;〃 with a play on the literal and metaphorical meaning of ortoz。
  XIV。  endaimonia。  contains the word daimwn in composition。 XXII。The text is corrupt; but the words 〃or if it be but few 〃 should be 〃that is little enough。〃
  XXIII。  〃Plato〃: Republic; vi。  p。  486 A。
  XXV。  〃It will;〃 etc。  Euripides; Belerophon; frag。  287 (Nauck)。
  〃Lives;〃 etc。  Euripides; Hypsipyle; frag。  757 (Nauck)。 〃As long;〃 etc。 Aristophanes; Acharne; 66 i。
  〃Plato〃 Apology; p。  28 B。
  〃For thus〃 Apology; p。  28 F。
  XXVI。  〃But; 0 noble sir;〃 etc。  Plato; Gorgias; 512 D。 XXVII。 〃And as for those parts;〃 etc。  A quotation from Euripides; Chryssipus; frag。  839 (Nauck)。
  〃With meats;〃 etc。  From Euripides; Supplices; 1110。  XXXIII。 〃They both;〃 i。e。 life and wrestling。
  〃Says he〃 (63): Plato; quoted by Epictetus; Arr。  i。  28; 2 and 22。
  XXXVII。  〃How know we;〃 etc。  The Greek means: 〃how know we whether Telauges were not nobler in character than Sophocles?〃  The allusion is unknown。
  XXVII。  〃Frost〃 The word is written by Casaubon as a proper name; 〃 Pagus。'
  〃The hardihood of Socrates was famous〃; see Plato; Siymposium; p。  220。
  BOOK X XXII。  The Greek means; 〃paltry breath bearing up corpses; so that the tale of Dead Man's Land is clearer。〃
  XXII。  〃The poet〃 (21) : Euripides; frag。  898 (Nauck); compare Aeschylus; Danaides; frag。  44。
  XXIV。  〃Plato〃 (23): Theaetetus; p。  174 D。
  XXXIV。  〃The poet〃 (34): Homer; Iliad; vi。  147。
  XXXIV。  〃Wood〃: A translation of ulh; 〃matter。〃
  XXXVIII。  〃Rhetoric〃 (38): Rather 〃the gift of speech〃; or perhaps the 〃decree〃 of the reasoning faculty。
  BOOK XI V。 〃Cithaeron〃 (6) : Oedipus utters this cry after discovering that he has fulfilled his awful doom; he was exposed on Cithaeron as an infant to die; and the cry implies that he wishes he had died there。 Sophocles; Oedipus Tyrannus; 1391。
  V。 〃New Comedy 。 。 。;〃 etc。  C。 has here strayed from the Greek rather widely。  Translate:  〃and understand to what end the New Comedy was adopted; which by small degrees degenerated into a mere show of skill in mimicry。〃 C。 writes Comedia Vetus; Media; Nova。  XII。  〃Phocion〃 (13): When about to be put to death he charged his son to bear no malice against the Athenians。
  XXVIII。  〃 My heart;〃 etc。  (31): From Homer; Odyssey ix。  413。 〃They will〃 From Hesiod; Opera et Dies; 184。
  〃Epictetus〃 Arr。  i。  II; 37。
  XXX。  〃Cut down grapes〃 (35): Correct 〃ears of corn。〃 〃Epictetus〃(36): Arr。  3; 22; 105。
  GLOSSARY
  This Glossary includes all proper names (excepting a few which are insignificant or unknown) and all obsolete or obscure words。 ADRIANUS; or Hadrian (76…138 A。 D。); i4th Roman Emperor。
  Agrippa; M。 Vipsanius (63…12 B。C。); a distinguished soldier under Augustus。
  Alexander the Great; King of Macedonia; and Conqueror of the East; 356…323 B。C。
  Antisthenes of Athens; founder of the sect of Cynic philosophers; and an opponent of Plato; 5th century B。C Antoninus Pius; 15th Roman Emperor; 138…161 AD。  one of the best princes that ever mounted a throne。
  Apathia:  the Stoic ideal was calmness in all circumstance an insensibility to pain; and absence of all exaltation at; pleasure or good fortune。
  Apelles; a famous painter of antiquity。
  Apollonius of Alexandria; called Dyscolus; or the 'ill…tempered;'
  a great grammarian。
  Aposteme; tumour; excrescence。
  Archimedes of Syracuse 287…212 B。C。; the most famous mathematician of antiquity。
  Athos; a mountain promontory at the N。 of the Aegean Sea。
  Augustus; first Roman Emperor (ruled 31 B。C。…14 AD。)。
  Avoid; void。
  BACCHIUS:  there Were several persons of this name; and the one meant is perhaps the musician。
  Brutus (1) the liberator of the Roman people from their kings; and (2) the murderer of Caesar。
  Both names were household words。
  Caesar; Caius; Julius; the Dictator and Conqueror。
  Caieta; a town in Latium。
  Camillus; a famous dictator in the early days of the Roman Republic。
  Carnuntum; a town on the Danube in Upper Pannonia。
  Cato; called of Utica; a Stoic who died by his own hand after the battle of Thapsus; 46 B。C。 His name was proverbial for virtue and courage。
  Cautelous; cautious。
  Cecrops; first legendary King of Athens。
  Charax; perhaps the priestly historian of that name; whose date is unknown; except that it must be later than Nero。
  Chirurgeon; surgeon。
  Chrysippus; 280…207 B。C。; a Stoic philosopher; and the founder of Stoicism as a systematic philosophy。
  Circus; the Circus Maximus at Rome; where games were held。
  There were four companies who contracted to provide horses; drivers; etc。 These were called Factiones; and each had its distinguishing colour: russata (red); albata (white); veneta (blue); prasina (green)。 There was high rivalry between them; and riots and bloodshed not infrequently。
  Cithaeron; a mountain range N。
  of Attica。
  Comedy; ancient; a term applied to the Attic comedy of Aristophanes and his time; which criticised persons and politics; like a modern comic journal; such as Punck。 See New Comedy。
  Compendious; short。
  Conceit; opinion。
  Contentation; contentment。
  Crates; a Cynic philosopher of the 4th century B。C。
  Croesus; King of Lydia; proverbial for wealth; he reigned 560…546 B。C。
  Cynics; a school of philosophers; founded by Antisthenes。 Their texts were a kind of caricature of Socraticism。 Nothing was good but virtue; nothing bad but vice。 The Cynics repudiated all civil and social claims; and attempted to return to what they called a state of nature。 Many of them were very disgusting in their manners。
  DEMETRIUS of Phalerum; an Athenian orator; statesman; philosopher; and poet。  Born 345 B。C。
  Democritus of Abdera (460…361 B。C。); celebrated as the 'laughing philosopher;' whose constant thought was 'What fools these mortals be。' He invented the Atomic Theory。
  Dio of Syracuse; a disciple of Plato; and afterwards tyrant of Syracuse。 Murdered 353 B。C。
  Diogenes; the Cynic; born about 412 B。C。; renowned for his rude…
  ness and hardihood。
  Diognetus; a painter。
  Dispense with; put up with。
  Dogmata; pithy sayings; or philosophical rules of life。
  EMPEDOCLES of Agrigentum; fl。
  5th century B。C。; a philosopher; who first laid down that there were 〃four elements。〃  He believed in the transmigration of souls; and the indestructibility of matter。
  Epictetus; a famous Stoic philosopher。  He was of Phrygia; at first a slave; then freedman; lame; poor; and contented。
  The work called Encheiridion was compiled by a pupil from his discourses。
  Epicureans; a sect of philosophers founded by Epicurus; who 〃combined the physics of Democritus;〃 i。e。 the atomic theory; 〃with the ethics of Aristippus。〃
  They proposed to live for happiness; but the word did not bear that coarse and vulgar sense originally which it soon took。
  Epicurus of Samos; 342…270 B。C。
  Lived at Athens in his 〃gardens;〃 an urbane and kindly; if somewhat useless; life。  His character was simple and temperate; and had none of the vice or indulgence which was afterwards associated with the name of Epicurean。
  Eudoxus of Cnidus; a famous astronomer and physician of the 4th century B。 C。
  FATAL; fated。
  Fortuit; chance (adj。)。
  Fronto; M。 Cornelius; a rhetorician and pleader; made consul in 143 A。D。 A number of his letters to M; Aur。  and others are extant。
  GRANUA; a tributary of the Danube。
  HELICE; ancient capital city of Achaia; swallowed up by an earthquake; 373 B。C。
  Helvidius Priscus; son…in…law of Thrasea Paetus; a noble man and a lover of liberty。  He was banished by Nero; and put to death by Vespasian。
  Heraclitus of Ephesus; who lived in the 6th century B。C。 He wrote on philosophy and natural science。
  Herculaneum; near Mount Vesuvius; buried by the eruption of 79 AD。
  Hercules; p。  167; should be Apollo。  See Muses。
  Hiatus; gap。
  Hipparchus of Bithynia; an astronomer of the 2nd century B。C。; 〃The true father of astronomy。〃
  Hippocrates of Cos; about 460…357 B。C。 One of the most famous physicians of antiquity。
  IDIOT; means merely the non…proficient in anything; the 〃layman;〃 he who was not technically trained in any art; craft; or calling。
  LEONNATUS; a distinguished general under Alexander the Great。
  Lucilla; daughter of M。 Aurelius; and wife of Verus; whom she survived。
  MAECENAS; a trusted adviser of Augustus; and a munificent patron of wits and literary men。
  Maximus; Claudius; a Stoic philosopher。
  Menippus; a Cynic philosopher。
  Meteores; ta metewrologika; 〃high philosophy;〃 used specially of astronomy and natural philosophy; which were bound up with other speculations。
  Middle Comedy; something midway between the Old and New Come