第 42 节
作者:美丽心点      更新:2021-02-20 16:51      字数:9315
  ht that ever I saw in my life; so like you that nothing is more like than the likeness。 。 。 。 By the mercy of Heaven they have a healthy colour and strong lungs。 One held a piece of white bread; like a little prince; the other a common piece; like a true philosophers son。'
  1 Ad Verum。  Imp。  Aur。  Caes。; i。  3。
  2 Ad Ant。  Imp i。; 3。
  Marcus; we know; was devoted to his children。  They were delicate in health; in spite of Fronto's assurance; and only one son survived the father。  We find echoes of this affection now and again in the letters。  'We have summer heat here still;' writes Marcus; 'but since my little girls are pretty well; if I may say so; it is like the bracing climate of spring to us。'(1) When little Faustina came back from the valley of the shadow of death; her father at once writes to inform Fronto。(2) The sympathy he asks he also gives; and as old age brings more and more infirmity; Marcus becomes even more solicitous for his beloved teacher。 The poor old man suffered a heavy blow in the death of his grandson; on which Marcus writes:(3) 'I have just heard of your misfortune。 Feeling grieved as I do when one of your joints gives you pain; what do you think I feel; dear master; when you have pain of mind?' The old man's reply; in spite of a certain self…consciousness; is full of pathos。  He recounts with pride the events of a long and upright life; in which he has wronged no man; and lived in harmony with his friends and family。  His affectations fall away from him; as the cry of pain is forced from his heart:… (4)'Many such sorrows has fortune visited me with all my life long。 To pass by my other afflictions; I have lost five children under the most pitiful conditions possible:  for the five I lost one by one when each was my only child; suffering these blows of bereavement in such a manner that each child was born to one already bereaved。 Thus I ever lost my children without solace; and got them amidst fresh grief。。。。。'
  The letter continues with reflections on the nature of death; 'more to be rejoiced at than bewailed; the younger one dies;' and an arraignment of Providence not without dignity; wrung from him as it were by this last culminating misfortune。 It concludes with a summing…up of his life in protest against the blow which has fallen on his grey head。
  1 Ad M。 Caes。; v。  19
  2 iv。  11
  3 De Nepote Amissa
  4 De Nepote Amissa 2
  'Through my long life I have committed nothing which might bring dishonour; or disgrace; or shame:  no deed of avarice or treachery have I done in all my day's: nay; but much generosity; much kindness; much truth and faithfulness have I shown; often at the risk of my own life。  I have lived in amity with my good brother; whom I rejoice to see in possession of the highest office by your father's goodness; and by your friendship at peace and perfect rest。  Th~ offices which I have myself obtained I never strove for by any underhand means。 I have cultivated my mind rather than my body; the pursuit of learning I have preferred to increasing my wealth。 I preferred to he poor rather than bound by any' man's obligation; even to want rather than to beg。 I have never been extravagant in spending money; I have earned it sometimes because I must。  I have scrupulously spoken the truth; and have been glad to hear it spoken to me。 I have thought it better to be neglected than to fawn; to be dumb than to feign; to be seldom a friend than to be often a flatterer。  1 have sought little; deserved not little。 So far as I could; I have assisted each according to my means。 I have given help readily to the deserving; fearlessly to the undeserving。  No one by proving to be ungrateful has made me more slow to bestow promptly all benefits I could give; nor have I ever been harsh to ingratitude。 (A fragmentary passage follows; in which he appears to speak of his desire for a peaceful end; and the desolation of his house。) I have suffered long and painful sickness; my beloved Marcus。 Then I was visited by pitiful misfortunes:  my wife I have lost; my grandson I have lost in Germany:(1) woe is me! I have lost my Decimanus。  If I were made of iron; at this tine I could write no more。'  It is noteworthy that in his meditations Marcus Aurelius mentions Fronto only once。(2) All his literary studies; his oratory and criticism (such as it was) is forgotten; and; says he; 'Fronto taught me not to expect natural affection from the highly…born。' Fronto really said more than this:  that 'affection' is not a Roman quality; nor has it a Latin name。(3) Roman or not Roman; Marcus found affection in Fronto; and if he outgrew his master's intellectual training; he never lost touch with the true heart of the man it is that which Fronto's name brings up to his remembrance; not dissertations on compound verbs or fatuous criticisms of style。 1 In the war against the Catti。
  2 Book I。; 8。
  3 Ad Verum; ii。  7
  NOTES
  THIS being neither a critical edition of the text nor an emended edition of Casaubon's translation; it has not been thought necessary to add full notes。  Casaubon's own notes have been omitted; because for the most part they are discursive; and not necessary to an understanding of what is written。 In those which here follow; certain emendations of his are mentioned; which he proposes in his notes; and follows in the translation。 In addition; one or two corrections are made where he has mistaken the Greek; and the translation might be misleading。 Those which do not come under these two heads will explain themselves。
  The text itself has been prepared by a comparison of the editions of 1634 and 1635。  It should he borne in mind that Casaubon's is often rather a paraphrase than a close translation; and it did not seem worth while to notice every variation or amplification of the original。 In the original editions all that Casauhon conceives as understood; but not expressed; is enclosed in square brackets。  These brackets are here omitted; as they interfere with the comfort of the reader; and so have some of the alternative renderings suggested by the translator。 In a few cases; Latin words in the text have been replaced by English。
  Numbers in brackets refer to the Teubner text of Stich; but the divisions of the text are left unaltered。 For some of the references identified I am indebted to Mr。 G。 H。 Rendall's Marcus Aurelius。
  BOOK I I 〃Both to frequent〃 (4)。 Gr。  to mh; C。 conjectures to me。 The text is probably right:  〃I did not frequent public lectures; and I was taught at home。〃
  VI Idiots。 。 。 。 philosophers (9)。 The reading is doubtful; but the meaning seems to be:  〃simple and unlearned men〃
  XII 〃Claudius Maximus〃 (15)。 The reading of the Palatine MS。 (now lost) was paraklhsiz Maximon; which C。 supposes to conceal the letters kl as an abbreviation of Claudius。
  XIII 〃Patient hearing。 。 。 He would not〃 (16)。 C。 translates his conjectural reading epimonon ollan。 on proapsth Stich suggests a reading with much the same sense: 。。。。。epimonon all antoi 〃Strict and rigid dealing〃 (16)。 C。 translates tonvn (Pal。 MS。)  as though from tonoz; in the sense of 〃strain。〃 〃rigour。〃 The reading of other MSS。 tonvn is preferable。
  XIII 〃Congiaries〃 (13)。 dianomais; 〃doles。〃
  XIV 〃Cajeta〃 (17)。 The passage is certainly corrupt。 C。 spies a reference to Chryses praying by the sea…shore in the Illiad; and supposes M。 Aurelius to have done the like。 None of the emendations suggested is satisfactory。  At § XV。 Book II。  is usually reckoned to begin。  BOOK II III。  Do; soul〃 (6)。 If the received reading be right; it must be sarcastic; but there are several variants which show how unsatisfactory it is。  C。 translates 〃en gar o bioz ekasty so par eanty 〃 which I do not understand。  The sense required is: 〃Do not violence to thyself; for thou hast not long to use self…respect。 Life is not (v。 1。  so)  for each; and this life for thee is all but done。〃
  X。 〃honour and credit do proceed〃 (12)。 The verb has dropt out of the text; but C。 has supplied one of the required meaning。
  XI。  〃Consider;〃 etc。  (52)。 This verb is not in the Greek; which means: 〃(And reason also shows) how man; etc。〃
  BOOK IV XV。  〃Agathos〃 (18): This is probably not a proper name; but the text seems to be unsound。  The meaning may be 〃the good man ought〃
  XVI。  oikonomian (16) is a 〃practical benefit;〃 a secondary end。  XXXIX。  〃For herein lieth all。。。。〃 (~3)。 C。 translates his conjecture olan for ola。
  BOOK V XIV。  katorqwseiz (15): Acts of 〃rightness〃 or 〃straightness。〃 XXIII。  〃Roarer〃 (28): Gr。  〃tragedian。〃 Ed。 1 has whoremonger;' ed。  2 corrects to 〃harlot;〃 but omits to alter' the word at its second occurrence。
  XXV。  〃Thou hast 。 。 。 them〃 (33): A quotation from Homer; Odyssey; iv。  690。
  XXVII。  〃 One of the poets〃 (33) : Hesiod; Op。  et Dies; 197。 XXIX and XXX。  (36)。 The Greek appears to contain quotations from sources not known; and the translation is a paraphrase。 (One or two alterations are here made on the authority of the second edition。)  BOOK VI XIII。  〃Affected and qualified〃 (i4): exis; the power of cohesion shown in things inanimate; fusiz; power of growth seen in plants and the like。
  XVII。  〃Wonder at them〃 (18) : i。e。 mankind。
  XXXVII。  〃Chrysippus〃 (42): C。 refers to a passage of Pluta