第 33 节
作者:
美丽心点 更新:2021-02-20 16:51 字数:9321
according to best reason and discretion; either be said or done? For whatsoever it be; it is in thy power either to do it; or to say it; and therefore seek not any pretences; as though thou wert hindered。 Thou wilt never cease groaning and complaining; until such time as that; what pleasure is unto the voluptuous; be unto thee; to do in everything that presents itself; whatsoever may be done conformably and agreeably to the proper constitution of man; or; to man as he is a man。 For thou must account that pleasure; whatsoever it be; that thou mayest do according to thine own nature。 And to do this; every place will fit thee。 Unto the cylindrus; or roller; it is not granted to move everywhere according to its own proper motion; as neither unto the water; nor unto the fire; nor unto any other thing; that either is merely natural; or natural and sensitive; but not rational。 for many things there be that can hinder their operations。 But of the mind and understanding this is the proper privilege; that according to its own nature; and as it will itself; it can pass through every obstacle that it finds; and keep straight on forwards。 Setting therefore before thine eyes this happiness and felicity of thy mind; whereby it is able to pass through all things; and is capable of all motions; whether as the fire; upwards; or as the stone downwards; or as the cylindrus through that which is sloping: content thyself with it; and seek not after any other thing。 For all other kind of hindrances that are not hindrances of thy mind either they are proper to the body; or merely proceed from the opinion; reason not making that resistance that it should; but basely; and cowardly suffering itself to be foiled; and of themselves can neither wound; nor do any hurt at all。 Else must he of necessity; whosoever he be that meets with any of them; become worse than he was before。 For so is it in all other subjects; that that is thought hurtful unto them; whereby they are made worse。 But here contrariwise; man (if he make that good use of them that he should) is rather the better and the more praiseworthy for any of those kind of hindrances; than otherwise。 But generally remember that nothing can hurt a natural citizen; that is not hurtful unto the city itself; nor anything hurt the city; that is not hurtful unto the law itself。 But none of these casualties; or external hindrances; do hurt the law itself; or; are contrary to that course of justice and equity; by which public societies are maintained: neither therefore do they hurt either city or citizen。
XXXIV。 As he that is bitten by a mad dog; is afraid of everything almost that he seeth: so unto him; whom the dogmata have once bitten; or in whom true knowledge hath made an impression; everything almost that he sees or reads be it never so short or ordinary; doth afford a good memento; to put him out of all grief and fear; as that of the poet; 'The winds blow upon the trees; and their leaves fall upon the ground。 Then do the trees begin to bud again; and by the spring…time they put forth new branches。 So is the generation of men; some come into the world; and others go out of it。' Of these leaves then thy children are。 And they also that applaud thee so gravely; or; that applaud thy speeches; with that their usual acclamation; axiopistwz; O wisely spoken I and speak well of thee; as on the other side; they that stick not to curse thee; they that privately and secretly dispraise and deride thee; they also are but leaves。 And they also that shall follow; in whose memories the names of men famous after death; is preserved; they are but leaves neither。 For even so is it of all these worldly things。 Their spring comes; and they are put forth。 Then blows the wind; and they go down。 And then in lieu of them grow others out of the wood or common matter of all things; like unto them。 But; to endure but for a while; is common unto all。 Why then shouldest thou so earnestly either seek after these things; or fly from them; as though they should endure for ever? Yet a little while; and thine eyes will be closed up; and for him that carries thee to thy grave shall another mourn within a while after。
XXXV。 A good eye must be good to see whatsoever is to be seen; and not green things only。 For that is proper to sore eyes。 So must a good ear; and a good smell be ready for whatsoever is either to be heard; or smelt: and a good stomach as indifferent to all kinds of food; as a millstone is; to whatsoever she was made for to grind。 As ready therefore must a sound understanding be for whatsoever shall happen。 But he that saith; O that my children might live! and; O that all men might commend me for whatsoever I do! is an eye that seeks after green things; or as teeth; after that which is tender。 XXXVI。 There is not any man that is so happy in his death; but that some of those that are by him when he dies; will be ready to rejoice at his supposed calamity。 Is it one that was virtuous and wise indeed? will there not some one or other be found; who thus will say to himself; 'Well now at last shall I be at rest from this pedagogue。 He did not indeed otherwise trouble us much: but I know well enough that in his heart; he did much condemn us。' Thus will they speak of the virtuous。 But as for us; alas I how many things be there; for which there be many that glad would be to be rid of us。 This therefore if thou shalt think of whensoever thou diest; thou shalt die the more willingly; when thou shalt think with thyself; I am now to depart from that world; wherein those that have been my nearest friends and acquaintances; they whom I have so much suffered for; so often prayed for; and for whom I have taken such care; even they would have me die; hoping that after my death they shall live happier; than they did before。 What then should any man desire to continue here any longer? Nevertheless; whensoever thou diest; thou must not be less kind and loving unto them for it; but as before; see them; continue to be their friend; to wish them well; and meekly; and gently to carry thyself towards them; but yet so that on the other side; it make thee not the more unwilling to die。 But as it fareth with them that die an easy quick death; whose soul is soon separated from their bodies; so must thy separation from them be。 To these had nature joined and annexed me: now she parts us; I am ready to depart; as from friends and kinsmen; but yet without either reluctancy or compulsion。 For this also is according to Nature。 XXXVII。 Use thyself; as often; as thou seest any man do anything; presently (if it be possible) to say unto thyself; What is this man's end in this his action? But begin this course with thyself first of all; and diligently examine thyself concerning whatsoever thou doest。
XXXVIII。 Remember; that that which sets a man at work; and hath power over the affections to draw them either one way; or the other way; is not any external thing properly; but that which is hidden within every man's dogmata; and opinions: That; that is rhetoric; that is life; that (to speak true) is man himself。 As for thy body; which as a vessel; or a case; compasseth thee about; and the many and curious instruments that it hath annexed unto it; let them not trouble thy thoughts。 For of themselves they are but as a carpenter's axe; but that they are born with us; and naturally sticking unto us。 But otherwise; without the inward cause that hath power to move them; and to restrain them; those parts are of themselves of no more use unto us; than the shuttle is of itself to the weaver; or the pen to the writer; or the whip to the coachman。
THE ELEVENTH BOOK
I。 The natural properties; and privileges of a reasonable soul are: That she seeth herself; that she can order; and compose herself: that she makes herself as she will herself: that she reaps her own fruits whatsoever; whereas plants; trees; unreasonable creatures; what fruit soever (be it either fruit properly; or analogically only) they bear; they bear them unto others; and not to themselves。 Again; whensoever; and wheresoever; sooner or later; her life doth end; she hath her own end nevertheless。 For it is not with her; as with dancers and players; who if they be interrupted in any part of their action; the whole action must needs be imperfect: but she in what part of time or action soever she be surprised; can make that which she bath in her hand whatsoever it be; complete and full; so that she may depart with that comfort; 'I have lived; neither want I anything of that which properly did belong unto me。' Again; she compasseth the whole world; and penetrateth into the vanity; and mere outside (wanting substance and solidity) of it; and stretcheth herself unto the infiniteness of eternity; and the revolution or restoration of all things after a certain period of time; to the same state and place as before; she fetcheth about; and doth comprehend in herself; and considers withal; and sees clearly this; that neither they that shall follow us; shall see any new thing; that we have not seen; nor they that went before; anything more than we: but that he that is once come to forty (if he have any wit at all) can in a manner (for that they are all of one kind) see all things; both past and