第 30 节
作者:美丽心点      更新:2021-02-20 16:51      字数:9321
  ommitted; didst not only not foresee it; but moreover dost wonder at it; that such a thing should be。 But then especially; when thou dost find fault with either an unthankful; or a false man; must thou reflect upon thyself。 For without all question; thou thyself art much in fault; if either of one that were of such a disposition; thou didst expect that he should be true unto thee: or when unto any thou didst a good turn; thou didst not there bound thy thoughts; as one that had obtained his end; nor didst not think that from the action itself thou hadst received a full reward of the good that thou hadst done。 For what wouldst thou have more?  Unto him that is a man; thou hast done a good turn:  doth not that suffice thee? What thy nature required; that hast thou done。  Must thou be rewarded for it?  As if either the eye for that it seeth; or the feet that they go; should require satisfaction。 For as these being by nature appointed for such an use; can challenge no more; than that they may work according to their natural constitution:  so man being born to do good unto others whensoever he doth a real good unto any by helping them out of error; or though but in middle things; as in matter of wealth; life; preferment; and the like; doth help to further their desires he doth that for which he was made; and therefore can require no more。
  THE TENTH BOOK
  I。 O my soul; the time I trust will be; when thou shalt be good; simple; single; more open and visible; than that body by which it is enclosed。  Thou wilt one day be sensible of their happincss; whose end is love; and their affections dead to all worldly things。 Thou shalt one day be full; and in want of no external thing: not seeking pleasure from anything; either living or insensible; that this world can afford; neither wanting time for the continuation of thy pleasure; nor place and opportunity; nor the favour either of the weather or of men。  When thou shalt have content in thy present estate; and all things present shall add to thy content: when thou shalt persuade thyself; that thou hast all things; all for thy good; and all by the providence of the Gods: and of things future also shalt be as confident; that all will do well; as tending to the maintenance and preservation in some sort; of his perfect welfare and happiness; who is perfection of life; of goodness; and beauty; who begets all things; and containeth all things in himself; and in himself doth recollect all things from all places that are dissolved; that of them he may beget others again like unto them。 Such one day shall be thy disposition; that thou shalt be able; both in regard of the Gods; and in regard of men; so to fit and order thy conversation; as neither to complain of them at any time; for anything that they do; nor to do anything thyself; for which thou mayest justly be condemned。
  II。  As one who is altogether governed by nature; let it be thy care to observe what it is that thy nature in general doth require。 That done; if thou find not that thy nature; as thou art a living sensible creature; will be the worse for it; thou mayest proceed。 Next then thou must examine; what thy nature as thou art a living sensible creature; doth require。  And that; whatsoever it be; thou mayest admit of and do it; if thy nature as thou art a reasonable living creature; will not be the worse for it。 Now whatsoever is reasonable; is also sociable; Keep thyself to these rules; and trouble not thyself about idle things。
  III。  Whatsoever doth happen unto thee; thou art naturally by thy natural constitution either able; or not able to bear。 If thou beest able; be not offended; but bear it according to thy natural constitution; or as nature hath enabled thee。 If thou beest not able; be not offended。  For it will soon make an end of thee; and itself; (whatsoever it be) at the same time end with thee。  But remember; that whatsoever by the strength of opinion; grounded upon a certain apprehension of both true profit and duty; thou canst conceive tolerable; that thou art able to bear that by thy natural constitution。
  IV。  Him that offends; to teach with love and meek ness; and to show him his error。  But if thou canst not; then to blame thyself; or rather not thyself neither; if thy will and endeavours have not been wanting。
  V。 Whatsoever it be that happens unto thee; it is that which from all time was appointed unto thee。  For by the same coherence of causes; by which thy substance from all eternity was appointed to be; was also whatsoever should happen unto it; destinated and appointed。
  VI。  Either with Epicurus; we must fondly imagine the atoms to be the cause of all things; or we must needs grant a nature。 Let this then be thy first ground; that thou art part of that universe; which is governed by nature。 Then secondly; that to those parts that are of the same kind and nature as thou art; thou hast relation of kindred。 For of these; if I shall always be mindful; first as I am a part; I shall never be displeased with anything; that falls to my particular share of the common chances of the world。 For nothing that is behoveful unto the whole; can be truly hurtful to that which is part of it。  For this being the common privilege of all natures; that they contain nothing in themselves that is hurtful unto them; it cannot be that the nature of the universe (whose privilege beyond other particular natures; is; that she cannot against her will by any higher external cause be constrained;) should beget anything and cherish it in her bosom that should tend to her own hurt and prejudice。 As then I bear in mind that I am a part of such an universe; I shall not be displeased with anything that happens。 And as I have relation of kindred to those parts that are of the same kind and nature that I am; so I shall be careful to do nothing that is prejudicial to the community; but in all my deliberations shall they that are of my kind ever be; and the common good; that; which all my intentions and resolutions shall drive unto; as that which is contrary unto it; I shall by all means endeavour to prevent and avoid。 These things once so fixed and concluded; as thou wouldst think him a happy citizen; whose constant study and practice were for the good and benefit of his fellow citizens; and the carriage of the city such towards him; that he were well pleased with it ; so must it needs be with thee; that thou shalt live a happy life。
  VII。  All parts of the world; (all things I mean that are contained within the whole world; must of necessity at some time or other come to corruption。  Alteration I should say; to speak truly and properly; but that I may be the better understood; I am content at this time to use that more common word。  Now say I; if so be that this be both hurtful unto them; and yet unavoidable; would not; thinkest thou; the whole itself be in a sweet case; all the parts of it being subject to alteration; yea and by their making itself fitted for corruption; as consisting of things different and contrary? And did nature then either of herself thus project and purpose the affliction and misery of her parts; and therefore of purpose so made them; not only that haply they might; but of necessity that they should fall into evil; or did not she know what she did; when she made them?  For either of these two to say; is equally absurd。 But to let pass nature in general; and to reason of things particular according to their own particular natures; how absurd and ridiculous is it; first to say that all parts of the whole are; by their proper natural constitution; subject to alteration; and then when any such thing doth happen; as when one doth fall sick and dieth; to take on and wonder as though some strange thing had happened? Though this besides might move not so grievously to take on when any such thing doth happen; that whatsoever is dissolved; it is dissolved into those things; whereof it was compounded。 For every dissolution is either a mere dispersion; of the elements into those elements again whereof everything did consist; or a change; of that which is more solid into earth; and of that which is pure and subtile or spiritual; into air。 So that by this means nothing is lost; but all resumed again into those rational generative seeds of the universe; and this universe; either after a certain period of time to lie consumed by fire; or by continual changes to be renewed; and so for ever to endure。 Now that solid and spiritual that we speak of; thou must not conceive it to be that very same; which at first was; when thou wert born。 For alas! all this that now thou art in either kind; either for matter of substance; or of life; hath but two or three days ago partly from meats eaten; and partly from air breathed in; received all its influx; being the same then in no other respect; than a running river; maintained by the perpetual influx and new supply of waters; is the same。 That therefore which thou hast since received; not that which came from thy mother; is that which comes to change and corruption。 But suppose that that for the general substance; and more solid part of it; should still cleave unto thee never so close; yet what is that to the proper qualities and affections of it; by which persons are distinguished; which certainly