第 27 节
作者:
美丽心点 更新:2021-02-20 16:51 字数:9322
he deities。 For the nature of the universe; is the nature the common parent of all; and therefore piously to be observed of all things that are; and that which now is; to whatsoever first was; and gave it its being; hath relation of blood and kindred。 She is also called truth and is the first cause of all truths。 He therefore that willingly and wittingly doth lie; is impious in that he doth receive; and so commit injustice: but he that against his will; in that he disagreeth from the nature of the universe; and in that striving with the nature of the world he doth in his particular; violate the general order of the world。 For he doth no better than strive and war against it; who contrary to his own nature applieth himself to that which is contrary to truth。 For nature had before furnished him with instincts and opportunities sufficient for the attainment of it ; which he having hitherto neglected; is not now able to discern that which is false from that which is true。 He also that pursues after pleasures; as that which is truly good and flies from pains; as that which is truly evil: is impious。 For such a one must of necessity oftentimes accuse that common nature; as distributing many things both unto the evil; and unto the good; not according to the deserts of either: as unto the bad oftentimes pleasures; and the causes of pleasures; so unto the good; pains; and the occasions of pains。 Again; he that feareth pains and crosses in this world; feareth some of those things which some time or other must needs happen in the world。 And that we have already showed to be impious。 And he that pursueth after pleasures; will not spare; to compass his desires; to do that which is unjust; and that is manifestly impious。 Now those things which unto nature are equally indifferent (for she had not created both; both pain and pleasure; if both had not been unto her equally indifferent): they that will live according to nature; must in those things (as being of the same mind and disposition that she is) be as equally indifferent。 Whosoever therefore in either matter of pleasure and pain; death and life; honour and dishonour; (which things nature in the administration of the world; indifferently doth make use of); is not as indifferent; it is apparent that he is impious。 When I say that common nature doth indifferently make use of them; my meaning is; that they happen indifferently in the ordinary course of things; which by a necessary consequence; whether as principal or accessory; come to pass in the world; according to that first and ancient deliberation of Providence; by which she from some certain beginning; did resolve upon the creation of such a world; conceiving then in her womb as it were some certain rational generative seeds and faculties of things future; whether subjects; changes; successions; both such and such; and just so many。
II。 It were indeed more happy and comfortable; for a man to depart out of this world; having lived all his life long clear from all falsehood; dissimulation; voluptuousness; and pride。 But if this cannot be; yet it is some comfort for a man joyfully to depart as weary; and out of love with those; rather than to desire to live; and to continue long in those wicked courses。 Hath not yet experience taught thee to fly from the plague? For a far greater plague is the corruption of the mind; than any certain change and distemper of the common air can be。 This is a plague of creatures; as they are living creatures; but that of men as they are men or reasonable。 III。 Thou must not in matter of death carry thyself scornfully; but as one that is well pleased with it; as being one of those things that nature hath appointed。 For what thou dost conceive of these; of a boy to become a young man; to wax old; to grow; to ripen; to get teeth; or a beard; or grey hairs to beget; to bear; or to be delivered; or what other action soever it be; that is natural unto man according to the several seasons of his life; such a thing is it also to he dissolved。 It is therefore the part of a wise man; in matter of death; not in any wise to carry himself either violently; or proudly but patiently to wait for it; as one of nature's operations: that with the same mind as now thou dost expect when that which yet is but an embryo in thy wife's belly shall come forth; thou mayst expect also when thy soul shall fall off from that outward coat or skin: wherein as a child in the belly it lieth involved and shut up。 But thou desirest a more popular; and though not so direct and philosophical; yet a very powerful and penetrative recipe against the fear of death; nothing can make they more willing to part with thy life; than if thou shalt consider; both what the subjects themselves are that thou shalt part with; and what manner of disposition thou shalt no more have to do with。 True it is; that。 offended with them thou must not be by no means; but take care of them; and meekly bear with them However; this thou mayst remember; that whensoever it happens that thou depart; it shall not be from men that held the same opinions that thou dost。 For that indeed; (if it were so) is the only thing that might make thee averse from death; and willing to continue here; if it were thy hap to live with men that had obtained the same belief that thou hast。 But now; what a toil it is for thee to live with men of different opinions; thou seest: so that thou hast rather occasion to say; Hasten; I thee pray; O Death; lest I also in time forget myself。 IV。 He that sinneth; sinneth unto himself。 He that is unjust; hurts himself; in that he makes himself worse than he was before。 Not he only that committeth; but he also that omitteth something; is oftentimes unjust。 V。 If my present apprehension of the object be right; and my present action charitable; and this; towards whatsoever doth proceed from God; be my present disposition; to be well pleased with it; it sufficeth。 VI。 To wipe away fancy; to use deliberation; to quench concupiscence; to keep the mind free to herself。 VII。 Of all unreasonable creatures; there is but one unreasonable soul; and of all that are reasonable; but one reasonable soul; divided betwixt them all。 As of all earthly things there is but one earth; and but one light that we see by; and but one air that we breathe in; as many as either breathe or see。 Now whatsoever partakes of some common thing; naturally affects and inclines unto that whereof it is part; being of one kind and nature with it。 Whatsoever is earthly; presseth downwards to the common earth。 Whatsoever is liquid; would flow together。 And whatsoever is airy; would be together likewise。 So that without some obstacle; and some kind of violence; they cannot well be kept asunder。 Whatsoever is fiery; doth not only by reason of the elementary fire tend upwards; but here also is so ready to join; and to burn together; that whatsoever doth want sufficient moisture to make resistance; is easily set on fire。 Whatsoever therefore is partaker of that reasonable common nature; naturally doth as much and more long after his own kind。 For by how much in its own nature it excels all other things; by so much more is it desirous to be joined and united unto that; which is of its own nature。 As for unreasonable creatures then; they had not long been; but presently begun among them swarms; and flocks; and broods of young ones; and a kind of mutual love and affection。 For though but unreasonable; yet a kind of soul these had; and therefore was that natural desire of union more strong and intense in them; as in creatures of a more excellent nature; than either in plants; or stones; or trees。 But among reasonable creatures; begun commonwealths; friendships; families; public meetings; and even in their wars; conventions; and truces。 Now among them that were yet of a more excellent nature; as the stars and planets; though by their nature far distant one from another; yet even among them began some mutual correspondency and unity。 So proper is it to excellency in a high degree to affect unity; as that even in things so far distant; it could operate unto a mutual sympathy。 But now behold; what is now come to pass。 Those creatures that are reasonable; are now the only creatures that have forgotten their natural affection and inclination of one towards another。 Among them alone of all other things that are of one kind; there is not to be found a general disposition to flow together。 But though they fly from nature; yet are they stopt in their course; and apprehended。 Do they what they can; nature doth prevail。 And so shalt thou confess; if thou dost observe it。 For sooner mayst thou find a thing earthly; where no earthly thing is; than find a man that naturally can live by himself alone。
VIII。 Man; God; the world; every one in their kind; bear some fruits。 All things have their proper time to bear。 Though by custom; the word itself is in a manner become proper unto the vine; and the like; yet is it so nevertheless; as we have said。 As for reason; that beareth both common fruit for the use of others; and peculiar; which itself doth enjoy。 Reason is of a dif…fusive nature; what itself is in itself; it begets in others; and so doth multiply。
IX。 Either teach them better if it be in t