第 22 节
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美丽心点 更新:2021-02-20 16:51 字数:9322
es and commonwealths。 We may also foresee things future; for they shall all be of the same kind; neither is it possible that they should leave the tune; or break the concert that is now begun; as it were; by these things that are now done and brought to pass in the world。 It comes all to one therefore; whether a man be a spectator of the things of this life but forty years; or whether he see them ten thousand years together: for what shall he see more? 'And as for those parts that came from the earth; they shall return unto the earth again; and those that came from heaven; they also shall return unto those heavenly places。' Whether it be a mere dissolution and unbinding of the manifold intricacies and entanglements of the confused atoms; or some such dispersion of the simple and incorruptible elements 。 。 。 'With meats and drinks and divers charms; they seek to divert the channel; that they might not die。 Yet must we needs endure that blast of wind that cometh from above; though we toil and labour never so much。'
XXVIII。 He hath a stronger body; and is a better wrestler than I。 What then? Is he more bountiful? is he more modest? Doth he bear all adverse chances with more equanimity: or with his neighbour's offences with more meekness and gentleness than I?
XXIX。 Where the matter may be effected agreeably to that reason; which both unto the Gods and men is common; there can be no just cause of grief or sorrow。 For where the fruit and benefit of an action well begun and prosecuted according to the proper constitution of man may be reaped and obtained; or is sure and certain; it is against reason that any damage should there be suspected。 In all places; and at all times; it is in thy power religiously to embrace whatsoever by God's appointment is happened unto thee; and justly to converse with those men; whom thou hast to do with; and accurately to examine every fancy that presents itself; that nothing may slip and steal in; before thou hast rightly apprehended the true nature of it。
XXX。 Look not about upon other men's minds and understandings; but look right on forwards whither nature; both that of the universe; in those things that happen unto thee; and thine in particular; in those things that are done by thee: doth lead; and direct thee。 Now every one is bound to do that; which is consequent and agreeable to that end which by his true natural constitution he was ordained unto。 As for all other things; they are ordained for the use of reasonable creatures: as in all things we see that that which is worse and inferior; is made for that which is better。 Reasonable creatures; they are ordained one for another。 That therefore which is chief in every man's constitution; is; that he intend the common good。 The second is; that he yield not to any lusts and motions of the flesh。 For it is the part and privilege of the reasonable and intellective faculty; that she can so bound herself; as that neither the sensitive; nor the appetitive faculties; may not anyways prevail upon her。 For both these are brutish。 And therefore over both she challengeth mastery; and cannot anyways endure; if in her right temper; to be subject unto either。 And this indeed most justly。 For by nature she was ordained to command all in the body。 The third thing proper to man by his constitution; is; to avoid all rashness and pre…cipitancy; and not to be subject to error。 To these things then; let the mind apply herself and go straight on; without any distraction about other things; and she hath her end; and by consequent her happiness。
XXXI。 As one who had lived; and were now to die by right; whatsoever is yet remaining; bestow that wholly as a gracious overplus upon a virtuous life。 Love and affect that only; whatsoever it be that happeneth; and is by the fates appointed unto thee。 For what can be more reasonable? And as anything doth happen unto thee by way of cross; or calamity; call to mind presently and set before thine eyes; the examples of some other men; to whom the self…same thing did once happen likewise。 Well; what did they? They grieved; they wondered ; they complained。 And where are they now? All dead and gone。 Wilt thou also be like one of them? Or rather leaving to men of the world (whose life both in regard of themselves; and them that they converse with; is nothing but mere mutability; or men of as fickle minds; as fickle bodies; ever changing and soon changed themselves: let it be thine only care and study; how to make a right use of all such accidents。 For there is good use to be made of them; and they will prove fit matter for thee to work upon; if it shall be both thy care and thy desire; that whatsoever thou doest; thou thyself mayst like and approve thyself for it。 And both these; see; that thou remember well; according as the diversity of the matter of the action that thou art about shall require。 Look within; within is the fountain of all good。 Such a fountain; where springing waters can never fail; so thou dig still deeper and deeper。 XXXII。 Thou must use thyself also to keep thy body fixed and steady; free from all loose fluctuant either motion; or posture。 And as upon thy face and looks; thy mind hath easily power over them to keep them to that which is grave and decent; so let it challenge the same power over the whole body also。 But so observe all things in this kind; as that it be without any manner of affectation。
XXXIII。 The art of true living in this world is more like a wrestler's; than a dancer's practice。 For in this they both agree; to teach a man whatsoever falls upon him; that he may be ready for it; and that nothing may cast him down。
XXXIV。 Thou must continually ponder and consider with thyself; what manner of men they be; and for their minds and understandings what is their present estate; whose good word and testimony thou dost desire。 For then neither wilt thou see cause to complain of them that offend against their wills; or find any want of their applause; if once thou dost but penetrate into the true force and ground both of their opinions; and of their desires。 'No soul (saith he) is willingly bereft of the truth;' and by consequent; neither of justice; or temperance; or kindness; and mildness; nor of anything that is of the same kind。 It is most needful that thou shouldst always remember this。 For so shalt thou be far more gentle and moderate towards all men。
XXXV。 What pain soever thou art in; let this presently come to thy mind; that it is not a thing whereof thou needest to be ashamed; neither is it a thing whereby thy understanding; that hath the government of all; can be made worse。 For neither in regard of the substance of it; nor in regard of the end of it (which is; to intend the common good) can it alter and corrupt it。 This also of Epicurus mayst thou in most pains find some help of; that it is 'neither intolerable; nor eternal;' so thou keep thyself to the true bounds and limits of reason and give not way to opinion。 This also thou must consider; that many things there be; which oftentimes unsensibly trouble and vex thee; as not armed against them with patience; because they go not ordinarily under the name of pains; which in very deed are of the same nature as pain; as to slumber unquietly; to suffer heat; to want appetite: when therefore any of these things make thee discontented; check thyself with these words: Now hath pain given thee the foil; thy courage hath failed thee。
XXXVI。 Take heed lest at any time thou stand so affected; though towards unnatural evil men; as ordinary men are commonly one towards another。
XXXVII。 How know we whether Socrates were so eminent indeed; and of so extraordinary a disposition? For that he died more gloriously; that he disputed with the Sophists more subtilly; that he watched in the frost more assiduously; that being commanded to fetch innocent Salaminius; he refused to do it more generously; all this will not serve。 Nor that he walked in the streets; with much gravity and majesty; as was objected unto him by his adversaries: which nevertheless a man may well doubt of; whether it were so or no; or; which above all the rest; if so be that it were true; a man would well consider of; whether commendable; or dis…commendable。 The thing therefore that we must inquire into; is this; what manner of soul Socrates had: whether his disposition was such; as that all that he stood upon; and sought after in this world; was barely this; that he might ever carry himself justly towards men; and holily towards the Gods。 Neither vexing himself to no purpose at the wickedness of others; nor yet ever condescending to any man's evil fact; or evil intentions; through either fear; or engagement of friendship。 Whether of those things that happened unto him by God's appointment; he neither did wonder at any when it did happen; or thought it intolerable in the trial of it。 And lastly; whether he never did suffer his mind to sympathise with the senses; and affections of the body。 For we must not think that Nature hath so mixed and tempered it with the body; as that she hath not power to circumscribe herself; and by herself to intend her own ends and occasions。
XXXVIII。 For it is a thing very possible; that a man should be a very divine man