Rivers；　and　were　not　less　repulsive　than　those　of　their　tribe　we　had
  met　before。　　They　were　aware　of　the　hostilities　going　on　between　the
  Rogue　Rivers　and　the　whites；　but　claimed　that　they　had　not　taken　any
  part　in　them。　　I　question　if　they　had；　but　had　our　party　been　small；
  I　fear　we　should　have　been　received　at　their　village　in　a　very
  different　manner。
  》From　the　upper　Klamath　Lake　we　marched　over　the　divide　and　down　the
  valley　of　the　Des　Chutes　River　to　a　point　opposite　the　mountains
  called　the　Three　Sisters。　　Here；　on　September　23；　the　party　divided；
  Williamson　and　I　crossing　through　the　crater　of　the　Three　Sisters　and
  along　the　western　slope　of　the　Cascade　Range；　until　we　struck　the
  trail　on　McKenzie　River；　which　led　us　into　the　Willamette　Valley　not
  far　from　Eugene　City。　　We　then　marched　down　the　Willamette　Valley　to
  Portland；　Oregon；　where　we　arrived　October　9；　1855
  The　infantry　portion　of　the　command；　escorting　Lieutenant　Henry　L。
  Abbot；　followed　farther　down　the　Des　Chutes　River；　to　a　point
  opposite　Mount　Hood；　from　which　it　came　into　the　Willamette　Valley
  and　then　marched　to　Portland。　　At　Portland　we　all　united；　and　moving
  across　the　point　between　the　Willamette　and　Columbia　rivers；　encamped
  opposite　Fort　Vancouver；　on　the　south　bank　of　the　latter　stream；　on
  the　farm　of　an　old　settler　named　Switzler；　who　had　located　there　many
  years　before。
  CHAPTER　IV。
  〃OLD　RED〃SKILLFUL　SHOOTINGYAKIMAWARA　LUDICROUS　MISTAKE
  〃CUT…MOUTH　JOHN'S〃　ENCOUNTERFATHER　PANDOZA'S　MISSIONA　SNOW…STORM…
  …FAILURE　OF　THE　EXPEDITION。
  Our　camp　on　the　Columbia；　near　Fort　Vancouver；　was　beautifully
  situated　on　a　grassy　sward　close　to　the　great　river；　andas　little
  duty　was　required　of　us　after　so　long　a　journey；　amusement　of　one
  kind　or　another；　and　an　interchange　of　visits　with　the　officers　at
  the　post；　filled　in　the　time　acceptably。　　We　had　in　camp　an　old
  mountaineer　guide　who　had　accompanied　us　on　the　recent　march；　and　who
  had　received　the　sobriquet　of　〃Old　Red；〃　on　account　of　the　shocky　and
  tangled　mass　of　red　hair　and　beard；　which　covered　his　head　and　face
  so　completely　that　only　his　eyes　could　be　seen。　　His　eccentricities
  constantly　supplied　us　with　a　variety　of　amusements。　　Among　the
  pastimes　he　indulged　in　was　one　which　exhibited　his　skill　with　the
  rifle；　and　at　the　same　time　protected　the　camp　from　the　intrusions
  and　ravages　of　a　drove　of　razor…backed　hogs　which　belonged　to　Mr。
  Switzler。　　These　hogs　were　frequent　visitors；　and　very　destructive　to
  our　grassy　sward；　rooting　it　up　in　front　of　our　tents　and　all　about
  us；　in　pursuit　of　bulbous　roots　and　offal　from　the　camp。　　Old　Red
  conceived　the　idea　that　it　would　be　well　to　disable　the　pigs　by
  shooting　off　the　tips　of　their　snouts；　and　he　proceeded　to　put　his
  conception　into　execution；　and　continued　it　daily　whenever　the　hogs
  made　their　appearance。　　Of　course　their　owner　made　a　row　about　it；
  but　when　Old　Red　daily　settled　for　his　fun　by　paying　liberally　with
  gold…dust　from　some　small　bottles　of　the　precious　metal　in　his
  possession；　Switzler　readily　became　contented；　and　I　think　even
  encouraged　the　exhibitionsof　skill。
  It　was　at　this　period　（October；　1855）　that　the　Yakima　Indian　war
  broke　out；　and　I　was　detached　from　duty　with　the　exploring　party　and
  required　by　Major　Gabriel　J。　Rains；　then　commanding　the　district；　to
  join　an　expedition　against　the　Yakimas。　　They　had　some　time　before
  killed　their　agent；　and　in　consequence　a　force　under　Major　Granville
  O。　Haller　had　been　sent　out　from　the　Dalles　of　the　Columbia　to
  chastise　them；　but　the　expedition　had　not　been　successful；　in　fact；
  it　had　been　driven　back；　losing　a　number　of　men　and　two　mountain
  howitzers。
  The　object　of　the　second　expedition　was　to　retrieve　this　disaster。
  The　force　was　composed　of　a　small　body　of　regular　troops；　and　a
  regiment　of　Oregon　mounted　volunteers　under　command　of　Colonel　James
  W。　Nesmithsubsequently　for　several　years　United　States　Senator　from
  Oregon。　　The　whole　force　was　under　the　command　of　Major　Rains；　Fourth
  Infantry；　who；　in　order　that　he　might　rank　Nesmith；　by　some
  hocus…pocus　had　been　made　a　brigadier…general；　under　an　appointment
  from　the　Governor　of　Washington　Territory。
  We　started　from　the　Dalles　October　30；　under　conditions　that　were　not
  conducive　to　success。　　The　season　was　late　for　operations；　and　worse
  still；　the　command　was　not　in　accord　with　the　commanding　officer；
  because　of　general　belief　in　his　incompetency；　and　on　account　of　the
  fictitious　rank　he　assumed。　　On　the　second　day　out　I　struck　a　small
  body　of　Indians　with　my　detachment　of　dragoons；　but　was　unable　to　do
  them　any　particular　injury　beyond　getting　possession　of　a　large
  quantity　of　their　winter　food；　which　their　hurried　departure
  compelled　them　to　abandon。　　This　food　consisted　principally　of　dried
  salmon…pulverized　and　packed　in　sacks　made　of　grass…dried
  huckleberries；　and　dried　camas；　the　latter　a　bulbous　root　about　the
  size　of　a　small　onion；　which；　when　roasted　and　ground；　is　made　into
  bread　by　the　Indians　and　has　a　taste　somewhat　like　cooked　chestnuts。
  Our　objective　point　was　Father　Pandoza's　Mission；　in　the　Yakima
  Valley；　which　could　be　reached　by　two　different　routes；　and　though
  celerity　of　movement　was　essential；　our　commanding　officer
  〃strategically〃　adopted　the　longer　route；　and　thus　the　Indians　had
  ample　opportunity　to　get　away　with　their　horses；　cattle；　women　and
  children；　and　camp　property。
  After　the　encounter　which　I　just　now　referred　to；　the　command；　which
  had　halted　to　learn　the　results　of　my　chase；　resumed　its　march　to　and
  through　the　Klikitat　canon；　and　into　the　lower　Yakima　Valley；　in　the
  direction　of　the　Yakima　River。　　I　had　charge　at　the　head　of　the
  column　as　it　passed　through　the　canon；　and　on　entering　the　valley
  beyond；　saw　in　the　distance　five　or　six　Indian　scouts；　whom　I　pressed
  very　closely；　until　after　a　run　of　several　miles　they　escaped　across
  the　Yakima　River。
  The　soil　in　the　valley　was　light　and　dry；　and　the　movement　of　animals
  over　it　raised　great　clouds　of　dust；　that　rendered　it　very　difficult
  to　distinguish　friend　from　foe；　and　as　I　was　now　separated　from　the
  main　column　a　considerable　distance；　I　deemed　it　prudent　to　call　a
  halt　until　we　could　discover　the　direction　taken　by　the　principal
  body　of　the　Indians。　　We　soon　learned　that　they　had　gone　up　the
  valley；　and　looking　that　way；　we　discovered　a　column　of　alkali　dust
  approaching　us；　about　a　mile　distant；　interposing　between　my　little
  detachment　and　the　point　where　I　knew　General　Rains　intended　to
  encamp　for　the　night。　　After　hastily　consulting　with　Lieutenant
  Edward　H。　Day；　of　the　Third　United　States　Artillery；　who　was　with　me；
  we　both　concluded　that　the　dust　was　caused　by　a　body　of　the　enemy
  which　had　slipped　in　between　us　and　our　main　force。　　There　seemed　no
  alternative　left　us　but　to　get　back　to　our　friends　by　charging
  through　these　Indians；　and　as　their　cloud　of　dust　was　much　larger
  than　ours；　this　appeared　a　desperate　chance。　　Preparations　to　charge
  were　begun；　however；　but；　much　to　our　surprise；　before　they　were
  completed　the　approaching　party　halted　for　a　moment　and　then
  commenced　to　retreat。　　This　calmed　the　throbbing　of　our　hearts；　and
  with　a　wild　cheer　we　started　in　a　hot　pursuit；　that　continued　for
  about　two　miles；　when　to　our　great　relief　we　discovered　that　we　were
  driving　into　Rains's　camp　a　squadron　of　Nesmith's　battalion　of　Oregon
  volunteers　that　we　had　mistaken　for　Indians；　and　who　in　turn　believed
  us　to　be　the　enemy。　　When　camp　was　reached；　we　all　indulged　in　a
  hearty　laugh　ovor　the　affair；　and　at　the　fright　each　party　had　given
  the　other。　　The　explanations　which　ensued　proved　that　the　squadron　of
  volunteers　had　separated　from　the　column　at　the　same　time　that　I　had
  when　we　debouched　from　the　canon；　and　had　pursued　an　intermediate
  trail　through　the　hills；　which　brought　it　into　the　valley　of　the
  Yakima　at　a　point　higher　up　the　river　than　where　I　had　struck　it。
  Next　day　we　resumed　our　march　up　the　valley；　parallel　to　the　Yakima。
  About　1　o'clock　we　saw　a　large　body　of　Indians　on　the　opposite　side
  of　the　river；　and　the　general　commanding　made　up　his　mind　to　cross
  and　attack　them。　　The　stream　was　cold；　deep；　and　swift；　still　I
  succeeded　in　passing　my　dragoons　over　safely；　but　had　hardly　got　them
  well　on　the　opposite　bank　when　the　Indians　swooped　down　upon　us。
  Dismounting　my　men；　we　received　the　savages　with　a　heavy　fire；　which
  brought　them　to　a　halt　with　some　damage　and　more　or　less　confusion。
  General　Rains　now　became　very　much　excited　and　alarmed　about　me；　and
  endeavored　to　ford　the　swift　river　with　his　infantry　and　artillery；
  but　soon　had　to　abandon　the　attempt；　as　three　or　four　of　the　poor
  fellows　were　swept　off　their　feet　and　drowned。　　Meantime　Nesmith　came
  up　with　his　mounted　force；　crossed　over；　and　joined　me。
  The　Indians　now　fell　back　to　a　high　ridge；　on　the　crest　of　which　they
  marched　and