第 2 节
作者:开盖有奖      更新:2021-02-20 16:36      字数:9322
  observation and that of deduction。             He is only wanting in knowledge; and
  that   may   come      in  time。    He    is  now   translating     my   small    works     into
  French。〃
  〃Your works?〃
  〃Oh; didn't you know?〃 he cried; laughing。                 〃Yes; I have been guilty
  of several monographs。            They are all upon technical subjects。             Here; for
  example; is   one   'Upon the   Distinction between the Ashes   of the Various
  Tobaccoes。'       In    it  I  enumerate     a  hundred      and   forty   forms    of   cigar…;
  cigarette…; and pipe…tobacco; with colored plates illustrating the difference
  in the ash。      It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials;
  and which is sometimes of supreme importance as a clue。                       If you can say
  definitely;   for   example;   that   some   murder   has   been   done   by  a   man   who
  was smoking an Indian lunkah; it obviously narrows your field of search。
  To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a
  Trichinopoly       and    the   white   fluff   of  bird's…eye    as   there   is  between     a
  cabbage and a potato。〃
  〃You have an extraordinary genius for minutiae;〃 I remarked。
  〃I   appreciate     their   importance。      Here     is  my    monograph       upon    the
  tracing of footsteps; with some remarks upon the uses of plaster of Paris as
  a   preserver   of   impresses。   Here;   too;   is   a   curious   little   work   upon   the
  influence   of   a   trade   upon   the   form   of   the   hand;   with   lithotypes   of   the
  hands of slaters; sailors; corkcutters; compositors; weavers; and diamond…
  polishers。      That   is   a   matter   of   great   practical   interest   to   the   scientific
  detective;especially in cases of unclaimed bodies; or in discovering the
  antecedents of criminals。          But I weary you with my hobby。〃
  〃Not at all;〃 I answered; earnestly。           〃It is of the greatest interest to me;
  especially   since   I   have   had   the   opportunity   of   observing   your   practical
  application of it。       But you spoke just now of observation and deduction。
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  Surely the one to some extent implies the other。〃
  〃Why; hardly;〃 he answered; leaning back luxuriously in his arm… chair;
  and     sending    up   thick   blue    wreaths    from    his   pipe。    〃For    example;
  observation   shows   me   that   you   have   been   to   the   Wigmore   Street   Post…
  Office   this   morning;   but   deduction   lets   me   know   that   when   there   you
  dispatched a telegram。〃
  〃Right!〃 said I。      〃Right on both points!        But I confess that I don't see
  how you arrived at it。        It was a sudden impulse upon my part; and I have
  mentioned it to no one。〃
  〃It   is   simplicity   itself;〃   he   remarked;   chuckling   at   my   surprise;〃so
  absurdly simple that an explanation is superfluous; and yet it may serve to
  define the limits of observation and of deduction。                Observation tells me
  that   you    have   a   little  reddish   mould     adhering    to  your    instep。    Just
  opposite the Seymour Street Office they have taken up the pavement and
  thrown up some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid
  treading in it in entering。       The earth is of this peculiar reddish tint which
  is found; as far as I know; nowhere else in the neighborhood。                  So much is
  observation。      The rest is deduction。〃
  〃How; then; did you deduce the telegram?〃
  〃Why; of course   I knew  that you   had not written   a letter;  since I   sat
  opposite to you all morning。           I see also in your open desk there that you
  have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of post… cards。                What could you
  go into the post…office for; then; but to send a wire?               Eliminate all other
  factors; and the one which remains must be the truth。〃
  〃In this case it certainly is so;〃 I replied; after a little thought。             〃The
  thing;    however;     is;  as  you  say;   of  the  simplest。    Would      yo   think   me
  impertinent if I were to put your theories to a more severe test?〃
  〃On the   contrary;〃   he   answered;  〃it   would prevent   me   from  taking  a
  second dose of cocaine。          I should be delighted to look into any problem
  which you might submit to me。〃
  〃I have heard you say that it is difficult for a man to have any object in
  daily use without leaving the impress of his individuality upon it in such a
  way   that   a   trained   observer   might   read   it。  Now;   I   have   here   a   watch
  which     has   recently    come    into   my   possession。      Would      you   have    the
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  kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or habits of the late
  owner?〃
  I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in
  my heart; for the test was; as I thought; an impossible one; and I intended
  it as a lesson against the somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally
  assumed。      He   balanced   the   watch   in   his   hand;   gazed   hard   at   the   dial;
  opened the back; and examined the works; first with his naked eyes and
  then with a powerful convex lens。             I could hardly keep from smiling at
  his crestfallen face when he finally snapped the case to and handed it back。
  〃There     are  hardly   any   data;〃   he   remarked。     〃The     watch    has  been
  recently cleaned; which robs me of my most suggestive facts。〃
  〃You   are   right;〃   I   answered。    〃It   was   cleaned   before   being   sent   to
  me。〃     In   my   heart   I   accused   my   companion   of   putting   forward   a   most
  lame     and   impotent    excuse    to  cover   his   failure。   What     data   could   he
  expect from an uncleaned watch?
  〃Though unsatisfactory; my research has not been entirely barren;〃 he
  observed;      staring    up   at  the   ceiling    with    dreamy;     lack…lustre    eyes。
  〃Subject to your correction; I should judge that the watch belonged to your
  elder brother; who inherited it from your father。〃
  〃That you gather; no doubt; from the H。 W。 upon the back?〃
  〃Quite so。     The W。 suggests your own name。               The date of the watch
  is nearly fifty years back; and the initials are as old as the watch:                 so it
  was made for the last generation。            Jewelry usually descents to the eldest
  son;   and   he   is   most   likely   to   have   the   same   name   as   the   father。 Your
  father has; if I remember right; been dead many years。                 It has; therefore;
  been in the hands of your eldest brother。〃
  〃Right; so far;〃 said I。     〃Anything else?〃
  〃He was a man of untidy habits;very untidy and careless。                    He was
  left with good prospects; but he threw away his chances; lived for some
  time in poverty with occasional short intervals of prosperity; and finally;
  taking to drink; he died。       That is all I can gather。〃
  I sprang   from  my  chair  and limped   impatiently  about   the  room  with
  considerable bitterness in my heart。
  〃This    is  unworthy      of  you;   Holmes;〃      I  said。   〃I   could   not   have
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  believed that you would have descended to this。                  You have made inquires
  into the   history  of   my  unhappy  brother; and   you   now pretend to deduce
  this knowledge in some fanciful way。                 You cannot expect me to believe
  that you have read all this from his old watch!                It is unkind; and; to speak
  plainly; has a touch of charlatanism in it。〃
  〃My      dear    doctor;〃    said   he;   kindly;    〃pray    accept     my    apologies。
  Viewing the matter as an abstract problem; I had forgotten how personal
  and painful a thing it might be to you。             I assure you; however; that I never
  even know that you had a brother until you handed me the watch。〃
  〃Then how in the name of all that is wonderful did you get these facts?
  They are absolutely correct in every particular。〃
  〃Ah;   that   is   good   luck。   I   could   only   say   what   was   the   balance   of
  probability。      I did not at all expect to be so accurate。〃
  〃But it was not mere guess…work?〃
  〃No;   no:     I   never   guess。   It   is   a   shocking   habit;destructive   to   the
  logical faculty。      What seems strange to you is only so becaus