of　any　convention。
  Yours　truly；　C。　D。　Poston。
  Major　Fitzgerald；　U。　S。　A。；　whose　long　experience　on　the　Pacific
  coast　makes　his　opinion　very　valuable；　in　a　letter　dated　Fort
  Buchanan；　Arizona；　Sept。　17th；　1854；　says：
  〃The　citizens　of　this　country　are　very　desirous　of　a　territorial
  organization；　with　its　courts；　&c。　Murders　are　committed　and
  stock　is　stolen　by　white　men　with　impunity。　There　is　no　court
  nearer　than　the　Rio　Grande　（300　miles）　to　take　cognizance　of
  crime。　Some　few　of　the　emigrants　of　this　year　have　remained　in
  the　Santa　Cruz　valley。　More　would　have　done　so；　no　doubt；　if　they
  had　not　started　from　the　States　originally　with　stock　for　the
  California　market。
  The　country　around　us　is　now　beautiful。　It　has　been　raining
  almost　daily　since　the　1st　of　July；　and　the　vegetation　is　most
  luxuriant。　Many　of　the　Mexican　citizens　come　over　the　line　for
  purposes　of　trade；　bringing　flour；　fruit；　and　leather。　If　there
  was　no　custom　house　at　Calabazas；　these　articles　could　be　had
  very　cheaply。
  We　have　very　excellent　gardens；　and　plenty　of　vegetables。　There
  is　said　to　be　a　good　deal　of　cultivable　land　on　the　upper　Gila；
  and　if　a　territory　is　created；　it　should　embrace　this。　This　would
  also　include　a　large　part　of　the　Colorado　valley　above　the
  junction　of　the　Gila。　That　you　may　succeed　in　your　wishes　with
  regard　to　Arizona；　is　the　sincere　desire　of
  Your　friend　and　obliged　serv't；　E。　H。　Fitzgerald。〃
  Lt。　Mowry；　U。　S。　A。
  A　subsequent　letter　from　Major　Fitzgerald　dated　Oct。　1st；　says
  Tueson　contains　rising　five　hundred　inhabitants；　the　remainder　of
  the　Santa　Cruz　altogether　enough　to　make　considerable　over　a
  thousand；　independent　of　the　population　towards　and　upon　the　Gila
  and　Colorado；　of　which　he　remarks；
  〃You　know　more　than　I。〃　〃There　is　not　a　doubt　but　that　upon　the
  location　of　the　mail　route；　there　will　be　a　considerable
  emigration　to　this　country；　and　if　a　portion　of　Sonora　be
  organized；　large　numbers　will　come　both　from　the　East　and　West。
  The　country　is　an　excellent　one　for　stock　of　all　kinds；　of　which
  there　were　great　numbers　where　the　Apaches　were　gathered　under
  the　wing　of　the　Catholic　church。　The　valleys　of　Santa　Cruz；　San
  Pedro；　and　Upper　Gila；　and　also　that　of　Messilla；　contain　large
  bodies　of　productive　lands；　and　all　the　cereals　grow　luxuriantly
  therein。　THAT　THERE　IS　MUCH　SILVER　IN　THE　TERRITORY　THERE　IS　NO
  DOUBT；　but　it　requires　capital　to　develop　it。　As　yet　but　little
  progress　has　been　made　in　mining。　Evidences　of　old　works　are　seen
  on　many　of　the　water　courses；　but　operations　have　not　yet　been
  recommenced；　except　at　Arizona；　Sopori；　and　Ariaola；　principally
  because　the　country　is　very　partially　settled；　and　it　is　not　safe
  to　be　at　any　distance　from　the　mass　of　the　population；　and　the
  troops。　Copper　ore　is　found　in　many　localities；　but　little　gold
  is　yet　discovered。　If　the　road　from　El　Paso　to　Fort　Yuma　be
  located　by　Parke's　route；　as　many　suppose；　A　FINE　COUNTRY　WILL　BE
  OPENED　on　the　Gila　and　Lower　San　Pedro；　which　will　produce　ample
  supplies。　The　Territory　presents　no　difficulties　of　importance　to
  the　successful　establishment　of　the　road。　Frequent　stations　and
  PROPER　PROTECTION　ARE　ONLY　REQUISITE　TO　ENSURE　SUCCESS　AS
  COMPLETELY　AS　THE　MOST　SANGUINE　ANTICIPATE。　Should　Sonora；　or
  even　a　portion　of　it　be　organized；　this　will　be　one　of　the　most
  pleasant　localities　of　our　country。　A　delightful　climate；　plenty
  of　fine　fruit；　facility　of　supply　by　a　port　on　the　Pacific；
  semi…weekly　mails　from　the　east　and　west；are　only　some　of　the
  attractions　which　it　would　possess。
  Sonora　is　quiet。　Many　of　the　wealthy　men　there　are　in　favor　of
  annexation；　it　is　said；　but　they　have　to　keep　silent　on　the
  subject　for　fear　of　noisy　patriots；　who　would　proclaim　them
  traitors　at　once；　if　they　made　a　parade　of　their　inclinations。
  The　San　Antonio　and　San　Deigo　mail　passes　through　Tueson　once　a
  fortnight；　and　seems　to　have　met　with　no　important　obstacle　yet。
  A　drove　of　mules　accompanies　it；　which　are　harnessed　in　turn。
  When　regular　stations　are　established　its　speed　will　be　much
  increased。　My　last　letter　was　not　written　with　a　view　of　the　use
  being　made　of　it　you　mentioned；　yet　if　it　answers　a　good　purpose；
  I　have　no　objection。　It　was　but　a　careless　note；　but　its　contents
  were　truths；　nevertheless。〃　（This　note　demonstrated　the　facility
  of　supply　for　the　Territory　from　the　Pacific。）
  〃Most　truly　your　friend；
  （Signed；）　E。　H。　Fitzgerald。〃
  Tubac；　Gadsden's　Purchase；　22d　Oct。；　1857。
  〃We　have　of　late　been　seriously　annoyed　by　the　Apaches。　Nearly
  all　the　animals　belonging　to　the　citizens　residing　around　Fort
  Buchanan　have　been　driven　off　by　the　Apaches。　They　are　very
  impudent；　and　commit　their　depredations　in　broad　day…light；　talk
  to　the　people　while　they　are　driving　off　the　animals；　and　always
  escape　without　being　molested。
  The　other　day　they　came　within　800　yards　of　the　Fort　and　looked
  down　upon　it。
  In　order　to　bring　them　to　terms　the　Government　ought　to　enlist
  1000　Pinos　and　Papagos　to　accompany　the　military。　Indians　are　the
  only　persons　who　can　successfully　traverse　these　mountains　and
  hunt　up　their　hiding　places。　If　this　is　not　done；　they　will
  surely　break　up　our　settlements　here。　Forts　ought　to　be
  established　in　the　very　heart　of　the　Apache　country；　in　the
  places　fit；　and　used　by　them　for　cultivation。　If　this　is　done　we
  will　soon　bring　them　to　terms。
  Until　now；　our　mining　establishments　have　not　been　molested　by
  them；　and　we　are　going　on　in　high　glee。　This　is　undoubtedly　the
  richest　silver　mining　country　in　the　world。　If　the　United　States
  will　make　just　and　liberal　laws　for　us；　give　us　protection；
  remove　those　trifling　and　unprofitable　custom　houses　on　the
  frontier；　at　least　for　5　or　6　years；　procure　us　a　transit　through
  Sonora　to　Guaymas；　and　hasten　along　the　rail…road　to　California；
  this　will　indeed　be　a　prosperous　country；　and　will　astonish　the
  world　with　its　production　of　silver　and　copper。　But　with　such
  terrible　obstacles　as　those　mentioned　above　and　the　great　length
  of　transit　to　transport　goods　over　the　roads　which　we　have　to
  take　at　present；　progress　only　is　possible　for　such　as　find　mines
  of　the　extraordinary　and　incredible　richness　of　the　Heintzelman
  vein。　If　the　present　promises　of　few　of　these　mines　are　realized；
  by　working　them　on　a　scale　commensurate　with　their　extent　and
  richness；　I　have　no　doubt　but　that　they　will　equal　in　production
  the　whole　silver　exports　of　Mexico。
  I　think　an　appropriation　ought　to　be　made　to　sink　artesian　wells
  through　the　Papagos　country；　between　San　Xavier　and　the　lower
  Gila。　This　route　cuts　off　about　100　miles　from　the　best　route　via
  the　Pinos　villages。　It　is　laid　down　on　my　map；　as　a　rail…road
  route；　now　at　the　office　of　the　Sonora　Exploring　and　Mining
  Company；　at　Cincinnati；　Ohio。
  The　country　consists　of　a　succession　of　plains　and　isolated
  mountain　ridges；　none　of　which　need　to　be　crossed。　In　fact　it　is
  a　dead　level　to　Fort　Yuma；　and；　in　consequence；　no　grading　is
  necessary。　There　is　scarcity　of　water；　but　the　soil　in　general　is
  excellent　and　grass　abounds　all　along　the　line；　while　the
  mountains　teem　with　minerals　of　the　richest　description。　The
  oxides　and　the　sulphurets　of　copper　are　the　most　beautiful　and
  richest　in　the　world。　Silver　undoubtedly　exists　of　equal
  richness。
  All　the　foothills　contain　gold；　but　I　hardly　think　it　will　be
  extracted　by　the　whites；　as　the　localities　are　devoid　of　water；
  and　they　are　not　probably　rich　enough　to　pay　without　sluicing　on
  an　extensive　scale。〃
  I　am；　sir；　very　respectfully；　your　most　obedient　servant；
  Herman　Ehrenberg。
  To　Lieut。　S。　Mowry；　U。　S。　A。；
  Delegate　elect　from　Arizona；
  Washington；　D。　C。
  The　only　comment　the　writer　has　to　make　upon　these　statements　is；
  that　two　years'　residence　among　and　acquaintance　with　the　people
  of　Arizona；　has　convinced　him　of　their　absolute　truth。　At　the
  last　session　of　Congress　a　petition　was　presented；　praying　for　a
  separate　Territorial　organization。　The　necessity　for　some
  legislation　was　admitted　by　both　Senate　and　House；　and　bills
  creating　a　separate　judicial　district　and　land　offices；　passed
  both　Houses；　but　owing　to　some　minor　differences　and　the　lateness
  of　the　session；　the　bills　failed　to　become　a　law。
  With　an　increased　population　and　prolonged　grievances；　the　people
  of　Arizona　are　again　about　to　present　themselves　as　supplicants
  for　that　right　inherent　in　the　American　heartthe　right　of　self
  governmentand　of　protection　under　the　law。　Their　petition　sets
  forth　in　brief；　plain　terms；　their　situation　and　necessities；　and
  prays　simply　for　a　separation　from　New　Mexico　and　a　Territorial
  organization　under　the　name　of　Arizona。　As　a　matter　of　necessity
  for　the　successful　carriage　of　the　mail　across　the　country；　this
  Territorial　organization　is　imperative。　No　contract　for　labor　or
  supplies　can　be　enforced　in　the　present　condition　of　the　country。
  Courts　of　law　must　be　established；　with　officers　to　enforce　their
  mandates；　or　the　contractors　will　be　utterly　unable　to　carry　out
  their　contract。
  The　great　necessity　of　a　safe　and　speedy　overland　communication
  with　the　Pacific；　has　directed　public　attention　to　the
  organization　of　Arizona　as　a　separa