第 13 节
作者:阎王      更新:2021-02-20 15:17      字数:9320
  228。 No。3 FLUX
  Fused borax; 5 parts; calcined flint; 3 parts; pure minium; 1 part。 This
  mixture is also melted。 The above fluxes are used in procuring the
  different colours for staining glass。
  229。 INDIGO BLUE
  Oxide of cobalt; 1 part; flux No。3; 2 parts。
  230。 TURQUOISE BLUE
  Oxide of cobalt; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 3 or 4 parts; flux No。3; 6 parts;
  melt and pour out。 If it is not sufficiently green; increase the zinc and
  flux。
  231。 AZURE BLUE
  Oxide of cobalt; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 2 parts; flux No。2; 8 parts; melt
  them together。
  232。 DEEP AZURE BLUE
  Oxide of cobalt; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 2 parts; flux No。2; 5 parts。 The
  beauty of this colour depends on the proportion of flux。 As little as
  possible is to be used; it must; however; be brilliant。 Sometimes less is
  used than the proportion indicated。
  233。 SKY BLUE
  Oxide of cobalt; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 2 parts; flux No。2; 12 parts;
  pound up; melt; and pour out。
  234。 EMERALD GREEN
  Oxide of copper; 1 part; antimonic acid; 10 parts; flux No。1; 30 parts;
  pulverize together; and melt。
  235。 BLUEISH GREEN
  Green oxide of chromium; 1 part; oxide of cobalt; 2 parts; triturate; and
  melt at a high heat。 The product is a button slightly melted; from which
  is removed the portion in contact with the crucible。 This button is
  pounded up; and three parts of flux No。3; for one of the button; are added
  to it。
  236。 GRASS GREEN
  Green oxide of chromium 1 part; flux No。3; 3 parts; triturate and melt。
  237。 DEEP YELLOW
  Antimonic acid 2 parts; subsulphate of iron 1 part; flux No。1; 10 parts;
  melt and pour out。 The subsulphate of iron may be increased a little; the
  proportions of flux vary。
  238。 JONQUILLE YELLOW FOR FLOWERS
  Litharge 18 parts; sand 6 parts。 The product of the calcination of equal
  parts of lead and tin 2 parts; carbonate of soda 1 part; antimonic acid 1
  part; rub together; or triturate; and melt。
  239。 WAX YELLOW
  Litharge 18 parts; sand 4 parts; oxide of antimony 2 parts; sienna earth 2
  parts; melt。 If it is too deep the proportion of sienna earth may be
  decreased。
  240。 ORANGE YELLOW
  Chromate of lead 1 part; minium 3 parts。
  241。 BRICK RED
  Yellow No。240; 12 parts; red oxide of iron; 1 part。
  242。 DEEP BLOOD RED
  Subsulphate of iron; calcined in a muffle until it becomes a beautiful
  capucine red; 1 part; flux No。2; 3 parts; mix without melting。
  243。 BROWN YELLOW OCHRE
  Yellow ochre No。244; 10 parts; sienna earth; 1 part; triturate without
  melting。
  244。 DEEP YELLOW OCHRE … CALLED YELLOW BROWN
  Subsulphate of iron; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 1 part; flux No。2; 5 parts;
  triturate without melting。
  245。 PURE PURPLE
  The purple powder of Cassius mixed while moist with flux No。3; and
  sometimes a little chloride of silver previously melted with flux No。3。 If
  the purple; when prepared; does not melt sufficiently easy; some flux may
  be added when it is dry。
  246。 DEEP VIOLET
  The purple of Cassius; in place of flux No。3; flux No。1 is mixed with it。
  Sometimes a little of blue No。233 is added。
  247。 FLESH RED
  The sulphate of iron; put in a small crucible; and lightly calcined;
  produces a suitable red oxide。 Those which have the desired tone are
  selected。 All the flesh reds are made in this way; and vary only in the
  degree of heat which they receive。
  248。 HAIR BROWN
  Yellow ochre; No。244; 15 parts; oxide of cobalt; 1 part; well triturated
  and calcined; in order to give the tone to it。
  249。 LIVER BROWN
  Oxide of iron made of a red brown; and mixed with three times its weight
  of flux No。2。 A tenth of sienna earth is added to it if it is not
  sufficiently deep。
  250。 WHITE
  The white enamel of commerce in cakes。
  251。 YELLOWISH GREY
  Yellow No。252; 1 part; blue No。233; 1 part; oxide of zinc; 2 or 3 parts;
  flux No。2; 5 parts; sometimes a little black is added; according to the
  tone which the mixture produces。 The proportions of the blue and yellow
  vary。
  252。 YELLOW FOR BROWNS & GREENS
  Antimonic acid; 2 parts; sulphate of iron 1 part; flux No。1; 9 parts。 This
  colour is melted and sometimes a little Naples Yellow is added if it is
  too soft; i。e。; melts too easily。
  253。 BLUEISH GREY FOR MIXTURES
  Blue previously made by melting together three parts of flux No。1; and one
  part of the mixture of oxide of cobalt; 8 parts; oxide of zinc; 1 part;
  sulphate of iron calcined at a forge heat; 1 part; flux No。2; 3 parts;
  triturate and add a little manganese in order to render it more grey。
  254。 GRAYISH BLACK FOR MIXTURES
  Yellow ochre; No。244; 15 parts; oxide of cobalt; 1 part; triturate and
  calcine in a crucible until it has the desired tone。 A little oxide of
  manganese is added in order to make it blacker; sometimes a little more of
  oxide of cobalt。
  255。 DEEP BLACK
  Oxide of cobalt; 2 parts; oxide of copper; 2 parts; oxide of manganese; 1
  part; flux No。1; 6 parts; fused borax; 1/2 part; melt and add oxide of
  manganese; 1 part; oxide of copper; 2 parts; triturate without melting。
  256。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS
  The colours thus prepared after having been rubbed up on a plate of ground
  glass with the spirits of turpentine or lavender; thickened in the air are
  applied with a hair pencil。 Before using them; however; it is necessary to
  try them on small pieces of glass; and expose them to the fire; to
  ascertain if the desired tone of colour is produced。 The artist must be
  guided by these proof pieces in using his colours。 The proper glass for
  receiving these colours should be uniform; colourless; and difficult of
  fusion。 For this reason crown glass made with a little alkali or kelp is
  preferred。 A design must be drawn upon paper and placed beneath the plate
  of glass。 The upper side of the glass being sponged over with gum…water
  affords; when dry; a surface proper for receiving the colours; without the
  risk of their running irregularly; as they would be apt to do on the
  slippery glass。 The artist draws on the plate; with a fine pencil all the
  traces which mark the great outlines and shades of the figures。 This is
  usually done in black ; and afterwards; when it is dry; the vitrifying
  colours are laid on by means of larger hair pencils。 The yellow formed
  with chloride of silver is generally laid on the back of the glass; for it
  is apt to run with the other colours while heating。
  The pigments used in painting on glass are principally matallic oxides and
  chlorides; and as; in most of these; the colour is not brought out until
  after the painting is submitted to heat; it is necessary to ascertain
  beforehand if the colours are properly mixed by painting on slips of
  glass; and exposing them to heat in a muffle。 The painter is guided by
  these trial pieces in laying on his colours。 To fire the paintings a
  furnace with a muffle is used。 The muffles are made of refractory clay。
  257。 WHITE COATING FOR GOLD VARNISHES
  A quart of strong parchment size and half a pint of water are to be made
  quite hot; and to these are to be added; (in small portions from time to
  time;) two good handsful of common whiting; passed through a fine sieve;
  this mixture is to be left to infuse for half an hour; when it is to be
  stirred carefully so that the amalgamation may be perfect。 This coating is
  preferable to any glue or cement for coating picture frames; &c。; on which
  is to be laid the tin or silver foil; to be varnished with gold varnishes
  or lackers。
  258。 LEAD COLOURING PAINT
  Whiting; 112 lbs。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 1。12
  Blue…black; 5 lbs。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。25
  White lead ground in oil; 28 lbs。。。。。。  2。24
  Road…dirt; 56 lbs。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。10
  Lime…water; 5 galls。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  0。05
  Residue of the oil; 2 1/4 galls。。。。。。。  1。25
  Weights; 256 lbs。。。。。。。 5。01
  To the above add two galls。 of the incorporated oil; and 2 galls。 of the
  linseed oil to thin it for use; and it will not exceed two cents and a
  quarter。 The lime…water; whiting; road…dirt; and blue…black; must be first
  mixed together; then add the ground lead; first blending it with 2 1/2
  galls。 of the prepared fish