第 9 节
作者:阎王      更新:2021-02-20 15:17      字数:9322
  In a pint of spirits of wine dissolve 2 oz。 of seed lac; and 2 oz。 of
  resin。 The principal use of this polish is for the carved parts of cabinet
  work; such as standards; pillars; claws; &c。 It should be laid on warm;
  and it will be still better; but all moisture and dampness should be
  carefully avoided。
  132。 FRENCH POLISH
  Take 1 oz。 of shellac; 1/4 oz。 of gum…arabic; and 1/4 oz。 of gum copal;
  bruise them well; and sift them through a piece of muslin; then put them
  along with a pint of spirits of win into a closely corked vessel; place it
  in a very warm situation; and shake it frequently every day till the gums
  are dissolved; then strain through a piece of muslin; and keep it corked
  for use。
  133。 WATER…PROOF POLISH
  Put 2 ozs。 of gum benjamin; 1/4 oz。 of gum sandrac; and 1/4 oz。 of gum
  anima; into a pint of spirits of wine; in a closely stopped bottle; place
  the bottle either in a sand bath; or in hot water; till the gums are
  dissolved; then strain off the mixture; shake it up with a 1/4 of a gill
  of the best clear poppy oil; and put by for use。
  134 FINISHING POLISH
  Put 2 drachms of shellac; and 2 drachms of gum benjamin; into 1/2 pint of
  the very best rectified spirits of wine; in a bottle closely corked; keep
  the bottle in a warm place; and shake it frequently till the gums are
  dissolved; when cold shake up with it 2 teaspoonsful of the best clear
  poppy oil; and it will be fit for use。 This polish may be applied with
  great advantage after any of those mentioned in the foregoing receipts
  have been used。 It removes the defects existing in them; increasing their
  lustre and durability; and gives the surface a most brilliant appearance。
  135。 COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING CAST STEEL
  Take of borax; 10 parts; sal…ammoniac; 1 part; grind or pound them roughly
  together; then fuse them in a metal pot over a close fire; taking care to
  continue the heat until all spume has disappeared from the surface; when
  the liquid appears clear; the composition is ready to be poured out to
  cool and concrete; afterward being ground to a fine powder。 To use this
  composition; the steel to be welded is raised to a heat; which may be
  expressed by bright yellow; it is then dipped among the welding powder;
  and again placed in the fire until it attains the same degree of heat as
  before; it is then ready to be placed under the hammer。
  136。 COMPOSITION USED IN WELDING CAST IRON
  Take good clear white course sand; 3 parts; refined solton; 1 part;
  fosterine; 1 part; rock salt 1 part; borax; 1 part; mix all together。 Take
  2 pieces of cast iron; heat them in a moderate charcoal fire; occasionally
  taking them out while heating; and dipping them into the composition;
  until they are of a proper heat to weld; then at once lay them on the
  anvil; and gently hammer them together; and if done carefully by one who
  understands welding iron; you will have them nicely welded together。 One
  man prefers heating the metal; then cooling it in the water of common
  beans; and heating it again for welding。
  137。 CAST IRON CEMENT
  Take of clean borings or turning of cast iron; 16 parts; of sal…ammoniac;
  2 parts; and flour of sulphur; 1 part; mix them well together on a mortar;
  and keep them dry。 When required for use; take 1 part of the mixture; and
  20 parts of clean borings; mix thoroughly; and add a sufficient quantity
  of water。 Note。 … A little grindstone added improves the cement。
  138。 CASE HARDENING
  This is the conversion of the surface of wrought iron into steel; for the
  purpose of adapting it to receive a polish; or to bear friction; &c。 The
  best method in the world of effecting this is by heating the iron to
  cherry red in a close vessel; in contact with carbonacious material; and
  then plunging it into cold water。 Bones; leather; hoofs; and horns of
  animals; are best for this purpose; after having been burnt or roasted; so
  that they can be pulverized。 Soot is very frequently used; it answers; but
  not so well。
  139。 TO SOFTEN IRON OR STEEL
  Either of the following simple methods will make iron or steel as soft as
  lead: … 1。 Anoint it all over with tallow; temper it in a gentle charcoal
  fire; and let it cool of itself。 2。 Take a little clay; cover your iron
  with it; temper in a charcoal fire。 3。 When the iron or steel is red hot;
  strew hellebore on it。 4。 Quench the iron or steel in the juice; or water;
  of common beans。
  140。 SOLDER FOR LEAD
  Melt 1 part of block tin; and when in a state of fusion; add 2 parts of
  lead; if a small quantity of this; when melted; is poured upon the table;
  there will; if it be good; arise little bright stars upon it。 Resin should
  be used with this solder。
  141。 SOLDER FOR TIN
  Take 4 parts of pewter; 1 of tin; and 1 of bismuth; melt them together;
  and run them into thin slips。 Resin is also employed in using this solder。
  142。 SOLDER FOR IRON
  The best solder for iron is good tough brass; with a little borax。
  143。 SOLDER FOR COPPER
  Take of brass; 6 parts; zinc; 1 part; tin; 1 part; melt all together; mix
  well; and pour out to cool。
  144。 SOLDER FOR STEEL JOINTS
  Silver; 19 parts; copper; 1 part; brass; 2 parts; melt all together。
  145。 HARD SOLDER
  Fuse together 2 parts of copper; and 1 of zinc。
  146。 SOLDER FOR SILVER
  Fuse together 5 parts of silver; and 1 part of brass。
  147。 GOLD SOLDER No。 1
  Take of gold; 4 parts; silver; 3 parts; copper 1 part; and zinc; 1 part。
  148。 GOLD SOLDER No。 2
  Take of gold; 3 parts; silver; 3 parts; copper; 1 part; zinc; 1/2 part。
  149。 GOLD SOLDER No。 3
  Take of gold; 2 parts; silver; 3 parts; copper; 1 part; and zinc 1/2 a
  part。 The gold; silver; and copper must be fused in a crucible before the
  zinc is added; or else you cannot keep them in the vessel while heating。
  When all are completely fused; they must be well stirred; and run into
  bars。 Solder No。1 is for gold 16 carats and upwards; No。2 is for that 14
  carats fine; and No。3 for lower qualities。 If more zinc is added; it will
  fuse at a lower heat; but the colour is not so good。
  150。 MOCK GOLD
  Fuse together 16 parts of copper; 7 of platinum; and 1 of zinc。 When steel
  is alloyed with 1/500 part of platinum; or with 1/500 part of silver; it
  is rendered much harder; more malleable; and better adapted for all kinds
  of cutting instruments。 Note。 … In making alloys; care must be taken to
  have the more infusible metals melted first; and afterwards add the
  others。
  151。 BRITANNIA METAL
  Take 4 parts of brass; and 4 parts of tin; when fused add 4 parts of
  metallic bismuth; and 4 parts of metallic antimony。 This composition is
  added at discretion to metallic tin; according to the quality you wish to
  make。
  152。 BLANCHED COPPER
  Melt together 8 parts of copper and a half part of arsenic。
  153。 COMMON PEWTER
  Melt together 4 parts of tin and 1 part of lead。
  154。 BEST PEWTER
  Melt together 100 parts of tin and 17 of antimony。
  155。 A METAL THAT EXPANDS IN COOLING
  Melt together 9 parts of lead; 2 of antimony and one of bismuth。 This
  metal is very useful in filling small defects in iron castings; &c。
  156。 QUEEN'S METAL
  Melt together 9 parts of tin; 1 of antimony; 1 of bismuth; and 1 of lead
  157。 IMITATION PLATINUM
  This metal; or alloy; very closely resembles platinum。 Melt together 8
  parts of brass and 5 parts of zinc。
  158。 CHINESE WHITE COPPER
  Melt together 40。4 parts of copper; 31。6 parts of nickel; 25。4 of zinc;
  and 2。6 of iron。
  159。 MANHEIM GOLD
  Melt together 3 parts copper; 1 of zinc; and a little tin。
  160。 TOMBACK; OR RED BRASS
  Melt together 8 parts of copper; and 1 part of zinc。
  161。 IMITATION GOLD
  Take of platina 8 parts; of silver 4 parts; copper 12 parts; melt all
  together。
  162。 IMITATION SILVER
  Take of block tin 100 parts; metallic antimony 8 parts; bismuth 1 part;
  and 4 parts of copper; melt all together。
  163。 TRUE IMITATION OF GOLD
  Dr。 Harmsteadt's imitation of gold; which is stated not only to resemble
  gold in colour; but also in specific gravity and ductility; consists of 16
  parts of platinum; 7 parts of copper; and 1 of zinc; put in a crucible;
  covered with charcoal powder; and melted into a mass。
  164。 TRUE IMITATION OF SILVER
  Imitation of pure silver; so perfect in its resemblance that no chemist
  living can tell it from pure virgin silver。 It was obtained from