follow　the　laws；　that　if　the　electricity　is　so　strong　as　to　cause　gas　to
  be　evolved　at　the　electrode；　the　metal　will　be　deposited　in　a　sandy　or
  powdered　state；　but　the　solution　of　cyanide　of　copper　and　potassium　is　an
  exception　to　these　laws；　as　there　is　no　reguline　deposit　obtained　unless
  gas　is　freely　evolved　from　the　surface　of　the　article　upon　which　the
  deposit　is　taking　place。　As　this　solution　is　used　hot；　a　considerable
  evaporation　takes　place；　which　requires　that　additions　be　made　to　the
  solution　from　time　to　time。　If　water　alone　be　used　for　this　purpose　it
  will　precipitate　a　great　quantity　of　the　copper　as　a　white　powder；　but
  this　is　prevented　by　dissolving　a　little　cyanide　of　potassium　in　the　water
  at　the　rate　of　4　ounces　to　the　gallon。　The　vessels　used　in　factories　for
  this　solution　are　generally　of　copper；　which　are　heated　over　a　flue　or　in
  a　sand…bath；　the　vessel　itself　serving　as　the　positive　electrode　of　the
  battery；　but　any　vessel　will　suit　if　a　copper　electrode　is　employed　when
  the　vessel　is　not　of　copper。
  20。　PREPARATION　OF　IRON　FOR　COATING　WITH　COPPER
  When　it　is　required　to　cover　an　iron　article　with　copper；　it　is　first
  steeped　in　hot　caustic　potash　or　soda　to　remove　any　grease　or　oil。　Being
  washed　from　that　it　is　placed　for　a　short　time　in　diluted　sulphuric　acid；
  consisting　of　about　one　part　acid　to　16　parts　of　water；　which　removes　any
  oxide　that　may　exist。　It　is　then　washed　in　water　and　scoured　with　sand
  till　the　surface　is　perfectly　clean；　and　finally　attached　to　the　battery
  and　immersed　in　the　cyanide　solution。　All　this　must　be　done　with　despatch
  so　as　to　prevent　the　iron　combining　with　oxygen。　An　immersion　of　five
  minutes　duration　in　the　cyanide　solution　is　sufficient　to　deposit　upon　the
  iron　a　film　of　copper；　but　it　is　necessary　to　the　complete　protection　of
  the　iron　that　it　should　have　a　considerably　thick　coating；　and　as　the
  cyanide　process　is　expensive；　it　is　preferable　when　the　iron　has　received
  a　film　of　copper　by　the　cyanide　solution；　to　take　it　out；　wash　it　in
  water；　and　attach　to　it　a　simple　cell　or　weak　battery；　and　put　it　into　a
  solution　of　sulphate　of　copper。　If　there　is　any　part　not　sufficiently
  covered　with　copper　by　the　cyanide　solution；　the　sulphate　will　make　these
  parts　of　a　dark　colour；　which　a　touch　of　the　finger　will　remove。　When　such
  is　the　case；　the　article　must　be　taken　out；　scoured；　and　put　again　into
  the　cyanide　solution　till　perfectly　covered。　A　little　practice　will　render
  this　very　easy。　The　sulphate　solution　for　covering　iron　should　be　prepared
  by　adding　it　by　degrees　a　little　caustic　potash；　so　long　as　the
  precipitate　formed　is　re…dissolved。　This　neutralizes　a　great　portion　of
  the　sulphuric　acid；　and　thus　the　iron　is　not　so　readily　acted　upon。　When
  the　iron　is　thus　coppered；　proceed　to　silver　it　in　the　manner　recommended
  for　silvering　according　to　receipt　No。9；　or　if　you　want　to　put　a　very
  heavy　coating　of　silver　on　it；　make　use　of　a　strong　battery。
  21。　SOLDERING　FLUID
  For　mending　articles　of　tin；　iron；　zinc；　copper；　and　almost　all　other
  metals。　Take　2　fl。　ounces　of　muriatic　acid；　add　zinc　till　bubbles　cease　to
  rise；　add　1/2　a　teaspoonful　of　sal　ammoniac　and　2　ounces　of　water。　Damp
  the　part　you　wish　to　solder　with　this　fluid；　lay　on　a　small　piece　of　lead；
  and　with　a　piece　of　hot　iron　or　soldering　iron　solder　the　part。
  22。　SOLDER　FOR　TIN
  Take　of　pewter　4　parts；　tin　1　part；　bismuth　1　part；　melt　them　together。
  Resin　is　used　with　this　solder。
  23。　COLD　METHOD　OF　SILVERING　IRON　WITH　SILVER…PLATE
  Polish　the　iron　toy　wish　to　silver；　then　damp　it　over　with　soldering　fluid
  （receipt　No。21）　When　this　is　done　give　it　a　coat　of　No。22　solder。　This　is
  done　by　laying　a　piece　of　cold　solder　on　the　iron；　and　spreading　it　over
  with　a　heated　soldering　iron；　when　by　this　means　you　get　the　iron　nicely
  plated　with　solder；　then　lay　on　your　silver…plate　evenly；　and　gently　rub
  it　over　with　the　heated　soldering　iron；　and　it　will　become　firmly　united
  with　the　solder　as　the　solder　is　with　the　iron；　so　that　you　have　the　iron
  beautifully　plated　with　silver　with　very　little　cost　or　trouble。
  24。　HOT　METHOD　OF　SILVERING　IRON　WITH　SILVER…PLATE
  First　polish　the　iron　you　wish　to　silver；　wet　it　well　over　with　No。21
  soldering　fluid；　then　having　procured　that　kind　of　silver…plate　which　is
  tin　on　one　side　and　silver　on　the　other；　place　it　evenly　on；　with　the
  tined　side　next　to　the　iron；　then　place　it　on　the　fire　until　the
  silver…plate　melts　down；　then　at　once　take　it　from　the　fire；　and　it　will
  be　firmly　attached　to　the　iron；　and　will　be　excellent　plate；　yet　No。23；
  the　cold　method；　is　to　be　preferred　in　most　cases。
  25。　SILVERING　LOOKING…GLASSES　WITH　QUICKSILVER
  Take　a　piece　of　marble　or　some　other　substance　very　smooth；　true；　and
  level；　lay　on　this　the　glass　you　wish　to　silver；　then　make　a　ridge　of
  putty　on　the　marble　against　the　edge　of　the　glass　all　round　it；　so　that
  you　can　pour　quicksilver　on　the　glass　until　it　is　all　covered　over；　and
  will　be　prevented　from　running　off　by　the　ridge　of　putty；　an　inch　or　two；
  or　three　outside　this　ridge　make　another　of　putty；　then　cover　the
  quicksilver　on　the　glass　all　over　with　tin…foil；　and　press　it　firmly　but
  cautiously　against　the　glass　until　you　have　squeezed　out　all　the
  quicksilver　you　can。　while　you　press　this　you　may　remove　part　of　the　first
  ridge　of　putty　to　give　the　quicksilver　a　chance　of　escape。　When　it　is　well
  pressed　against　the　glass　there　will　be　an　amalgam　formed　of　the　tin…foil
  and　the　quicksilver　that　is　left；　which　will　firmly　adhere　to　the　glass。
  By　this　means　you　have　a　very　beautiful　and　cheap　looking…glass；　the
  quicksilver　that　escapes；　being　saved　by　the　second　ridge　of　putty；　may　be
  used　again。
  26。　SILVERING　LOOKING…GLASSES　WITH　PURE　SILVER
  Prepare　a　mixture　of　3　grains　of　ammonia；　60　grains　of　nitrate　of　silver；
  90　minims　of　spirits　of　wine；　90　minims　of　water；　when　the　nitrate　of
  silver　is　dissolved；　filter　the　liquid　and　add　a　small　quantity　of　sugar
  （15　grains）　dissolved　in　1　1/2　oz。　of　water；　and　1　1/2　oz。　of　spirits　of
  wine。　Put　the　glass　into　this　mixture；　having　one　side　covered　with
  varnish；　gum；　or　some　substance　to　prevent　the　silver　being　attached　to
  it。　Let　it　remain　for　a　few　days　and　you　have　a　most　elegant
  looking…glass；　yet　it　is　far　more　costly　than　the　quicksilver。
  27。　PATENT　BURNING　FLUID
  To　1　gallon　of　95　per　cent。　alcohol；　add　1　quart　of　camphene　oil；　mix　and
  shake　well；　and　if　transparent　it　is　fit　for　use；　if　not；　add　sufficient
  alcohol；　shaking　it　well；　to　bring　it　to　the　natural　colour　of　the
  alcohol。　It　may　be　coloured　to　suit　the　fancy　by　adding　a　little　tincture
  of　golden　seal；　or　any　other　colouring　drug。　This　receipt　has　been　sold
  for　10。
  28。　BURNING　FLUID
  Take　4　quarts　alcohol；　and　1　quart　spirits　of　turpentine；　mix　well
  together；　and　it　is　ready　for　use。
  29。　NON…EXPLOSIVE　BURNING　FLUID
  Take　1　gallon　44　proof　alcohol；　1　quart　camphene；　3　oz。　of　alum
  pulverized；　1/2　oz。　camphor　gum；　65　drops　cuicuma；　mix　all　together　and
  let　it　stand　12　hours；　and　it　is　ready　for　use。
  30。　VINEGAR　IN　THREE　DAYS　WITHOUT　DRUGS
  Take　2　barrels　and　saw　one　of　them　in　two　in　the　centre；　and　put　one…half
  on　the　top；　and　the　other　at　the　bottom　of　the　whole　barrel；　（or　you　may
  use　three　whole　barrels　if　you　like。）　The　middle　barrel　is　to　be　filled
  with　maple；　beech；　of　baswood　shavings；　which　are　to　be　planed　from　the
  edge　of　boards　only　two　or　three　feet　long；　which　allows　the　shavings　to
  roll；　and　prevents　them　form　packing　tight；　and　also　allows　air　to
  circulate　through　them；　which　is　admitted　through　a　number　of　inch　holes；
  which　are　to　be　made　near　the　bottom　of　the　barrel　and　just　above　the
  faucet；　which　lets　the　vinegar　run　into　the　tub　below。　The　top　tub　has　its
  bottom　pierced　with　small　bit　holes；　having　several　threads　of　twine
  hanging　in　them　to　conduct　the　vinegar　evenly　over　the　top　of　the　shavings
  in　the　middle　of　the　barrel。　Air　must　be　permitted　to　pass　out　between　the
  top　tub　and　barrel；　which　comes　in　at　the　holes　in　the　bottom。　The
  shavings　which　fill　the　barrel　must　be　soaked　three　or　four　days　in　good
  vinegar　before　they　are　put　in。　When　thus　arranged；　for　every　gallon　of
  water　use　1/2　lb。　of　sugar；　（that　you　get　from　molasses　barrels　does　vary
  well。）　If　you　wish　to　make　vinegar　from　whiskey；　put　in　4　gallons　of　water
  to　1　gallon　of　whiskey；　and　if　from　cider；　put　in　one…third　water；　and
  fill　the　top　tub　with　this　fluid；　putting　1　pint　good　yeast　to　each　barrel
  making；　and　have　the　holes　with　threads　or　twine　so　arranged　that　it　will
  run　through　every　twelve　hours；　and　dip　or　pump　up　with　a　wooden　pump
  every　night　or　morning；　and　three　days　will　make　good　substantial　vinegar；
  which　will　keep　and　also　improve　by　age。　Some　use　only　1　gallon　of　whiskey
  to　7　gallons　of　water。　This　accounts　for　so　much　poor　vinegar。　Make　good
  vinegar；　it　will　pay　you。　If　a　few　gallons　of　water　if　made　boiling　hot　so
  as　to　warm　t