here。　If　so；　this　is　a　quasi…apology　for　the　Athenian　/bons　pères　de
  famille/　who　condemned　Socrates。　Beautiful　story　of　the　sophist
  teacher's　last　injunction　to　Tigranes。
  C1。40…41。　What　smiles　after　tears！　Like　a　sunny　day　succeeding　clouds
  and　blackness。　A　pretty　story　this；　of　the　wife　of　Tigranes。
  /Xenophon's　women：/　this　one；　Pantheia；　Croesus'　wife；　the　wife　of
  Ischomachus　（/Economist/）；　the　daughter　of　Gobryas。
  C2。12。　Archaeologically　interesting。　N。B。Humanity　towards　wounded；
  Hellenic。　Xenophon's　own　strategy　in　the　/Anabasis/　is　probably　the
  prototype。
  C2。15。　For　Hellenic　and　Xenophontine　religiousness。　The
  incalculableness　of　human　life：　God　fulfils　himself　in　many　unforeseen
  ways。　N。B。Irony　also　of　the　situation；　since　Cyrus　doesn't　intend
  the　Armenian　to　triumph　over　the　Chaldaean　in　the　way　he　anticipates。
  C2。20。　Note　how　Socratically　it　is　made　to　work　itself　out。
  C3。　Cyrus；　the　Archic　Man；　the　〃born　ruler；〃　is　also　the　diplomatic
  man　（cf。；　no　doubt；　Gladstone）；　a　diplomacy　based　on　organic　economic
  sense　and　friendly…naturedness。
  C3。10。　Xenophon's　theory　of　fraternity　in　action；　all　petty　jealousies
  brushed　aside。
  ＇C3。11。　The　〃captains…of…twelve〃　and　the　〃captains…of…six〃　are　the
  same　officers　as　those　called　elsewhere　〃captains…of…ten〃　and
  〃captains…of…five〃　（cf。　above　Bk。　II。　C2。21　note）。　The　titles　vary
  because　sometimes　the　officers　themselves　are　included　in　the　squads
  and　sometimes　not。＇
  C3。19。　Nice　touch；　quoting　his　father　as　an　authority。
  C3。40。　With　garlands；　like　the　Spartans。　Was　it　conceivably　a　Persian
  custom　too？
  C3。44。　Assyrian's　speech；　not　a　bad　one；　though　platitudinous。
  Xenophon's　dramatic　form　is　shown　in　the　intellectual　and　emotional
  side　of　his　characters；　rather　than　by　the　diction　in　their　mouths；　is
  it　not？
  C3。51…52。　Most　important　for　Xenophon；　Educationalist。　Cyrus　on　the
  powerlessness　of　a　speech　to　create　valour　in　the　soul　of　the
  untrained：　there　must　be　a　physical；　moral；　and　spiritual　training
  there　beforehand。　The　speech　is　in　Xenophon's　best　earnest　rhetorical
  style。
  C3。57。　The　march　into　battle；　/vide/　Milton。　A　beautiful　bit　of　word…
  painting。
  C3。58。　Cf。　the　Prussian　army　singing　a　hymn　＇in　1870＇。
  BOOK　IV
  ＇C。1＇　Cyrus　waited；　with　his　troops　as　they　were；　long　enough　to　show
  that　he　was　ready　to　do　battle　again　if　the　enemy　would　come　out；　but
  as　they　did　not　stir　he　drew　the　soldiers　off　as　far　as　he　thought
  well；　and　there　encamped。　He　had　guards　posted　and　scouts　sent
  forward；　and　then　he　gathered　his　warriors　round　him　and　spoke　to　them
  as　follows：
  ＇2＇　〃Men　of　Persia；　first　and　foremost　I　thank　the　gods　of　heaven　with
  all　my　soul　and　strength；　and　I　know　you　render　thanks　with　me；　for　we
  have　won　salvation　and　victory；　and　it　is　meet　and　right　to　thank　the
  gods　for　all　that　comes　to　us。　But　in　the　next　place　I　must　praise
  you；　one　and　all；　it　is　through　you　all　that　this　glorious　work　has
  been　accomplished；　and　when　I　have　learnt　what　each　man's　part　has
  been　from　those　whose　place　it　is　to　tell　me；　I　will　do　my　best　to
  give　each　man　his　due；　in　word　and　deed。　＇3＇　But　I　need　none　to　tell
  me　the　exploits　of　your　brigadier　Chrysantas；　he　was　next　to　me　in　the
  battle　and　I　could　see　that　he　bore　himself　as　I　believe　you　all　have
  done。　Moreover；　at　the　very　moment　when　I　called　on　him　to　retire；　he
  had　just　raised　his　sword　to　strike　an　Assyrian　down；　but　he　heard　my
  voice；　and　at　once　he　dropped　his　hand　and　did　my　bidding。　He　sent　the
  word　along　the　lines　and　led　his　division　out　of　range　before　the
  enemy　could　lay　one　arrow　to　the　string　or　let　one　javelin　fly。　Thus
  he　brought　himself　and　his　men　safely　out　of　action；　because　he　had
  learnt　to　obey。　＇4＇　But　some　of　you；　I　see；　are　wounded；　and　when　I
  hear　at　what　moment　they　received　their　wounds　I　will　pronounce　my
  opinion　on　their　deserts。　Chrysantas　I　know　already　to　be　a　true
  soldier　and　a　man　of　sense；　able　to　command　because　he　is　able　to
  obey；　and　here　and　now　I　put　him　at　the　head　of　a　thousand　troops；　nor
  shall　I　forget　him　on　the　day　when　God　may　please　to　give　me　other
  blessings。　＇5＇　There　is　one　reminder　I　would　make　to　all。　Never　let
  slip　the　lesson　of　this　day's　encounter；　and　judge　for　yourselves
  whether　it　is　cowardice　or　courage　that　saves　a　man　in　war；　whether
  the　fighters　or　the　shirkers　have　the　better　chance；　and　what　the　joy
  is　that　victory　can　yield。　To…day　of　all　days　you　can　decide；　for　you
  have　made　the　trial　and　the　result　is　fresh。　＇6＇　With　such　thoughts　as
  these　in　your　hearts　you　will　grow　braver　and　better　still。　And　now
  you　may　rest　in　the　consciousness　that　you　are　dear　to　God　and　have
  done　your　duty　bravely　and　steadily；　and　so　take　your　meal　and　make
  your　libations　and　sing　the　paean　and　be　ready　for　the　watchword。〃
  So　saying；　Cyrus　mounted　his　horse　and　galloped　on　to　Cyaxares；　and
  the　two　rejoiced　together　as　victors　will。　And　then；　after　a　glance　at
  matters　there　and　an　inquiry　if　aught　were　needed；　he　rode　back　to　his
  own　detachment。　Then　the　evening　meal　was　taken　and　the　watches　were
  posted　and　Cyrus　slept　with　his　men。
  ＇8＇　Meanwhile　the　Assyrians；　finding　that　their　king　was　among　the
  slain　and　almost　all　his　nobles　with　him；　fell　into　utter　despair；　and
  many　of　them　deserted　during　the　night。　And　at　this　fear　crept　over
  Croesus　and　the　allies；　they　saw　dangers　on　every　side；　and　heaviest
  of　all　was　the　knowledge　that　the　leading　nation；　the　head　of　the
  whole　expedition；　had　received　a　mortal　blow。　Nothing　remained　but　to
  abandon　the　encampment　under　cover　of　night。　＇9＇　Day　broke；　and　the
  camp　was　seen　to　be　deserted；　and　Cyrus；　without　more　ado；　led　his
  Persians　within　the　entrenchments；　where　they　found　the　stores　that
  the　enemy　had　left：　herds　of　sheep　and　goats　and　kine；　and　long　rows
  of　waggons　laden　with　good　things。　Cyaxares　and　his　Medes　followed；
  and　all　arms　took　their　breakfast　in　the　camp。　＇10＇　But　when　the　meal
  was　over；　Cyrus　summoned　his　brigadiers　and　said　to　them：
  〃Think　what　blessings　we　are　flinging　away　now；　spurning；　as　it　were；
  the　very　gifts　of　heaven！　So　at　least　it　seems　to　me。　The　enemy　have
  given　us　the　slip；　as　you　see　with　your　own　eyes。　Is　it　likely　that
  men　who　forsook　the　shelter　of　their　own　fortress　will　ever　face　us　in
  fair　field　on　level　ground？　Will　those　who　shrink　from　us　before　they
  put　our　prowess　to　the　test　ever　withstand　us　now　when　we　have
  overthrown　and　shattered　them？　They　have　lost　their　best　and　bravest；
  and　will　the　cowards　dare　to　give　us　battle？〃
  ＇11＇　At　that　one　of　his　officers　cried；　〃Why　not　pursue　at　once；　if
  such　triumphs　are　before　us？〃
  And　Cyrus　answered；　〃Because　we　have　not　the　horses。　The　stoutest　of
  our　enemies；　those　whom　we　must　seize　or　slay；　are　mounted　on　steeds
  that　could　sweep　past　us　like　the　wind。　God　helping　us；　we　can　put
  them　to　flight；　but　we　cannot　overtake　them。〃
  ＇12＇　〃Then；〃　said　they；　〃why　not　go　and　lay　the　matter　before
  Cyaxares？〃
  And　he　answered；　〃If　so；　you　must　all　go　with　me；　that　Cyaxares　may
  see　it　is　the　wish　of　all。〃
  So　they　all　went　together　and　spoke　as　they　thought　best。　＇13＇　Now
  Cyaxares　felt；　no　doubt；　a　certain　jealousy　that　the　Persians　should
  be　the　first　to　broach　the　matter；　but　he　may　also　have　felt　that　it
  was　really　wiser　to　run　no　further　risks　for　the　present；　he　had；
  moreover；　abandoned　himself　to　feasting　and　merrymaking；　and　he　saw
  that　most　of　his　Medes　were　in　like　case。　Whatever　the　reason；　this
  was　the　answer　he　gave：
  ＇14＇　〃My　good　nephew；　I　have　always　heard　and　always　seen　that　you
  Persians　of　all　men　think　it　your　duty　never　to　be　insatiate　in　the
  pursuit　of　any　pleasure；　and　I　myself　believe　that　the　greater　the　joy
  the　more　important　is　self…restraint。　Now　what　greater　joy　could　there
  be　than　the　good　fortune　which　waits　on　us　to…day？　＇15＇　When　fortune
  comes　to　us；　if　we　guard　her　with　discretion；　we　may　live　to　grow　old
  in　peace；　but　if　we　are　insatiate；　if　we　use　and　abuse　our　pleasures；
  chasing　first　one　and　then　another；　we　may　well　fear　lest　that　fate　be
  ours　which；　the　proverb　tells　us；　falls　on　those　mariners　who　cannot
  forgo　their　voyages　in　the　pursuit　of　wealth；　and　one　day　the　deep　sea
  swallows　them。　Thus　has　many　a　warrior　achieved　one　victory　only　to
  clutch　at　another　and　lose　the　first。　＇16＇　If　indeed；　our　enemies　who
  have　fled　were　weaker　than　we；　it　might　be　safe　enough　to　pursue　them。
  But　now；　bethink　you；　how　small　a　portion　of　them　we　have　fought　and
  conquered；　the　mass　have　had　no　part　in　the　battle；　and　they；　if　we　do
  not　force　them　to　fight；　will　take　themselves　off　through　sheer
  cowardice　and　sloth。　As　yet　they　know　nothing　of　our　powers　or　their
  own；　but　if　they　learn　that　to　fly　is　as　dangerous　as　to　hold　their
  ground；　we　run　the　risk　of　driving　them　to　be　brave　in　spite　of
  themselves。　＇17＇　You　may　be　sure　they　are　just　as　anxious　to　save
  their　wives　and　children　as　you　can　be　to　capture　them。　Take　a　lesson
  from　hunting：　the　wild　sow　when　she　is　sighted　will　scamper　away　with
  her　young；　though　she　be　feeding　with　the　herd；　but　if　you　attack　her
  little　ones　she　will　never　fly；　even　if　she　is　all　alone；　she　will
  turn　on　the　hunte