enough。　Let　us　not　wait　until　they　outnumber　us；　but　charge　at　once
  while　we　are　satisfied　we　can　master　them　easily。〃
  ＇47＇　But　Cyrus　answered　him；　〃Unless　those　we　conquer　are　more　than
  half　their　number；　they　are　sure　to　say　that　we　attacked　when　they
  were　few；　because　we　were　afraid　of　their　full　force；　and　in　their
  hearts　they　will　not　feel　that　they　are　beaten；　and　we　shall　have　to
  fight　another　battle；　when　perhaps　they　will　make　a　better　plan　than
  they　have　made　to…day；　delivering　themselves　into　our　hands　one　by
  one；　to　fight　with　as　we　choose。〃
  ＇48＇　So　the　messengers　took　back　his　reply；　but　meanwhile　Chrysantas
  and　certain　other　Peers　came　to　Cyrus　bringing　Assyrian　deserters　with
  them；　and　Cyrus；　as　a　general　would；　questioned　the　fugitives　about
  the　enemy's　doings；　and　they　told　him　that　the　Assyrians　were　marching
  out　in　force　and　that　the　king　himself　had　crossed　the　trenches　and
  was　marshalling　his　troops；　addressing　them　in　stirring　words；　as　all
  the　listeners　said。　＇49＇　Then　Chrysantas　turned　to　Cyrus：
  〃What　if　you　also　were　to　summon　our　men；　while　there　is　yet　time；　and
  inspire　them　with　your　words？〃
  ＇50＇　But　Cyrus　answered：
  〃Do　not　be　disturbed　by　the　thought　of　the　Assyrian's　exhortations；
  there　are　no　words　so　fine　that　they　can　turn　cowards　into　brave　men
  on　the　day　of　hearing；　nor　make　good　archers　out　of　bad；　nor　doughty
  spearmen；　nor　skilful　riders；　no；　nor　even　teach　men　to　use　their　arms
  and　legs　if　they　have　not　learnt　before。〃
  ＇51＇　〃But；〃　replied　Chrysantas；　〃could　you　not　make　the　brave　men
  braver　still；　and　the　good　better？〃
  〃What！〃　cried　Cyrus；　〃can　one　solitary　speech　fill　the　hearer's　soul
  on　the　selfsame　day　with　honour　and　uprightness；　guard　him　from　all
  that　is　base；　spur　him　to　undergo；　as　he　ought；　for　the　sake　of　glory
  every　toil　and　every　danger；　implant　in　him　the　faith　that　it　is
  better　to　die　sword　in　hand　than　to　escape　by　flight？　＇52＇　If　such
  thoughts　are　ever　to　be　engraved　in　the　hearts　of　men　and　there　abide；
  we　must　begin　with　the　laws；　and　frame　them　so　that　the　righteous　can
  count　on　a　life　of　honour　and　liberty；　while　the　bad　have　to　face
  humiliation；　suffering；　and　pain；　and　a　life　that　is　no　life　at　all。
  ＇53＇　And　then　we　ought　to　have　tutors　and　governors　to　instruct　and
  teach　and　train　our　citizens　until　the　belief　is　engendered　in　their
  souls　that　the　righteous　and　the　honourable　are　the　happiest　of　all
  men　born；　and　the　bad　and　the　infamous　the　most　miserable。　This　is
  what　our　men　must　feel　if　they　are　to　show　that　their　schooling　can
  triumph　over　their　terror　of　the　foe。　＇54＇　Surely；　if　in　the　moment　of
  onset；　amid　the　clash　of　arms；　at　a　time　when　lessons　long　learnt　seem
  suddenly　wiped　away；　it　were　possible　for　any　speaker；　by　stringing　a
  few　fine　sentiments　together；　to　manufacture　warriors　out　of　hand；
  why；　it　would　be　the　easiest　thing　in　all　the　world　to　teach　men　the
  highest　virtue　man　can　know。　＇55＇　For　my　own　part；〃　he　added；　〃I　would
  not　trust　our　new　comrades　yonder；　whom　we　have　trained　ourselves；　to
  stand　firm　this　day　unless　they　saw　you　at　their　side；　to　be　examples
  unto　them　and　to　remind　them　if　they　forget。　As　for　men　who　are
  utterly　undisciplined；　I　should　be　astonished　if　any　speech；　however
  splendid；　did　one　whit　more　to　encourage　valour　in　their　hearts　than　a
  song　well　sung　could　do　to　make　a　musician　of　a　man　who　had　no　music
  in　his　soul。〃
  ＇56＇　But　while　they　were　speaking；　Cyaxares　sent　again；　saying　that
  Cyrus　did　ill　to　loiter　instead　of　advancing　against　the　enemy　with
  all　speed。　And　Cyrus　sent　back　word　there　and　then　by　the　messengers：
  〃Tell　Cyaxares　once　more；　that　even　now　there　are　not　as　many　before
  us　as　we　need。　And　tell　him　this　so　that　all　may　hear。　But　add　that；
  if　it　so　please　him；　I　will　advance　at　once。〃
  ＇57＇　So　saying　and　with　one　prayer　to　the　gods；　he　led　his　troops　into
  battle。
  Once　the　advance　began　he　quickened　the　pace；　and　his　men　followed　in
  perfect　order；　steadily；　swiftly；　joyously；　brimful　of　emulation；
  hardened　by　toil；　trained　by　their　long　discipline；　every　man　in　the
  front　a　leader；　and　all　of　them　alert。　They　had　laid　to　heart　the
  lesson　of　many　a　day　that　it　was　always　safest　and　easiest　to　meet
  enemies　at　close　quarters；　especially　archers；　javelin…men；　and
  cavalry。　＇58＇　While　they　were　still　out　of　range；　Cyrus　sent　the
  watchword　along　the　lines；　〃Zeus　our　help　and　Zeus　our　leader。〃　And　as
  soon　as　it　was　returned　to　him；　he　sounded　the　first　notes　of　the
  battle…paean；　and　the　men　took　up　the　hymn　devoutly；　in　one　mighty
  chorus。　For　at　such　times　those　who　fear　the　gods　have　less　fear　of
  their　fellow…men。　＇59＇　And　when　the　chant　was　over；　the　Peers　of
  Persia　went　forward　side　by　side；　radiant；　high…bred；　disciplined；　a
  band　of　gallant　comrades；　they　looked　into　each　other's　eyes；　they
  called　each　other　by　name；　with　many　a　cheery　cry；　〃Forward；　friends；
  forward；　gallant　gentlemen！〃　And　the　rear…ranks　heard　the　call；　and
  sent　back　a　ringing　cheer；　bidding　the　van　lead　on。　The　whole　army　of
  Cyrus　was　brimming　with　courage　and　zeal　and　strength　and　hardihood
  and　comradeship　and　self…control；　more　terrible；　I　imagine；　to　an
  opponent　than　aught　else　could　be。　＇60＇　On　the　Assyrian　side；　those　in
  the　van　who　fought　from　the　chariots；　as　soon　as　the　mass　of　the
  Persian　force　drew　near；　leapt　back　and　drove　to　their　own　main　body；
  but　the　archers；　javelin…men；　and　slingers；　let　fly　long　before　they
  were　in　range。　＇61＇　And　as　the　Persians　steadily　advanced；　stepping
  over　the　spent　missiles；　Cyrus　called　to　his　men：
  〃Forward　now；　bravest　of　the　brave！　Show　us　what　your　pace　can　be！〃
  They　caught　the　word　and　passed　it　on；　and　in　their　eagerness　and
  passion　for　the　fray　some　of　the　leaders　broke　into　a　run；　and　the
  whole　phalanx　followed　at　their　heels。　＇62＇　Cyrus　himself　gave　up　the
  regular　march　and　dashed　forward　at　their　head；　shouting：
  〃Brave　men　to　the　front！　Who　follows　me？　Who　will　lay　the　first
  Assyrian　low？〃
  At　this　the　men　behind　took　up　the　shout　till　it　rang　through　the
  field　like　a　battle…cry：　〃Who　follows？　Brave　men　to　the　front！〃　＇63＇
  Thus　the　Persians　closed。　But　the　enemy　could　not　hold　their　ground；
  they　turned　and　fled　to　their　entrenchments。　＇64＇　The　Persians　swept
  after　them；　many　a　warrior　falling　as　they　crowded　in　at　the　gates　or
  tumbled　into　the　trenches。　For　in　the　rout　some　of　the　chariots　were
  carried　into　the　fosse；　and　the　Persians　sprang　down　after　them　and
  slew　man　and　horse　where　they　fell。　＇65＇　Then　the　Median　troopers；
  seeing　how　matters　stood；　charged　the　Assyrian　cavalry；　who　swerved
  and　broke　before　them；　chased　and　slaughtered；　horse　and　rider；　by
  their　conquerors。　＇66＇　Meanwhile　the　Assyrians　within　the　camp；　though
  they　stood　upon　the　breastworks；　had　neither　wit　nor　power　to　draw　bow
  or　fling　spear　against　the　destroyers；　dazed　as　they　were　by　their
  panic　and　the　horror　of　the　sight。　Then　came　the　tidings　that　the
  Persians　had　cut　their　way　through　to　the　gates；　and　at　that　they　fled
  from　the　breastworks。　＇67＇　The　women；　seeing　the　rout　in　the　camp；
  fell　to　wailing　and　lamentations；　running　hither　and　thither　in　utter
  dismay；　young　maidens；　and　mothers　with　children　in　their　arms；
  rending　their　garments　and　tearing　their　cheeks　and　crying　on　all　they
  met；　〃Leave　us　not；　save　us；　save　your　children　and　yourselves！〃　＇68＇
  Then　the　princes　gathered　the　trustiest　men　and　stood　at　the　gates；
  fighting　on　the　breastworks　themselves；　and　urging　their　troops　to
  make　a　stand。　＇69＇　Cyrus；　seeing　this；　and　fearing　that　if　his　handful
  of　Persians　forced　their　way　into　the　camp　they　would　be　overborne　by
  numbers；　gave　the　order　to　fall　back　out　of　range。　＇70＇　Then　was　shown
  the　perfect　discipline　of　the　Peers；　at　once　they　obeyed　the　order　and
  passed　it　on　at　once。　And　when　they　were　all　out　of　range　they　halted
  and　reformed　their　ranks；　better　than　any　chorus　could　have　done；
  every　man　of　them　knowing　exactly　where　he　ought　to　be。
  NOTES
  C1。6。　Oriental　in　feeling；　situation　well　realised。　Hellenic　=
  Oriental；　also　in　part　perhaps。　Also；　we　know　the　Oriental　through　the
  medium　of　Greek　to　a　great　extent　（cf。　Greek　Testament；　and　earlier
  still　LXX。）。
  C1。8；　init。　Cf。　Joseph　and　his　brethren　for　this　hardening　of　his
  heart。
  C1。11。　Hellenic　political　ethics　=　modern　in　this　matter；　apart　from
  modern　theory　of　nationalism；　i。e。　right　of　nations　to　exist　free。
  C1。12。　Quite　after　the　manner　of　an　advocate　in　a　Greek　law…court；　but
  also　Oriental　（cf。　David　and　Nathan　the　seer）。
  C1。24。　Fear　of　exile；　autobiographical　touch？　Is　anything　passing
  through　the　mind　of　Xenophon？　I　dare　say　there　is。　＇Xenophon　was
  banished　from　his　native　city　of　Athens　because　of　his　friendship　with
  Sparta　and　with　Cyrus　the　Younger。　See　Works；　Vol。　I。　p。　xcix。＇
  C1。33；　fin。　3000　talents。　Something　under　￡750；000。
  C1。35。　Cyrus　drives　home　the　conscience　of　indebtedness　/à　la/　Portia
  v。　Shylock。　N。B。Humorous　also　and　an　Oriental　tinge。
  C1。38。　One　can't　help　thinking　of　Socrates　and　the　people　of　Athens
  here。　If　so；　this　is　a　quasi…apology　for　the　Athenian　/bons　pères　de
  famille/　who　condemned　Socrates。　Beautiful　stor