第 39 节
作者:
嘟嘟 更新:2021-02-20 05:57 字数:9322
stiff boughs wound those who have brittle and limp boughs; and so hurt
them; and if the storms come often enough; kill them。 But among these
trees in a sheltered valley the larger and stronger would kill the weaker
and smaller by simply overshadowing their tops; and starving their roots;
starving them; indeed; so much when they grow very thick; that the poor
little acorns; and beech mast; and alder seeds would not be able to sprout
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at all。 So they would fight; killing each other's children; till the war
endedI think I can guess how。
How?
The beeches are as dainty as they are beautiful; and they do not like to
get their feet wet。 So they would venture down the hill only as far as the
dry ground lasts; and those who tried to grow any lower would die。 But
the oaks are hardy; and do not care much where they grow。 So they
would fight their way down into the wet ground among the alders and
willows; till they came to where their enemies were so thick and tall; that
the acorns as they fell could not sprout in the darkness。 And so you
would have at last; along the hill…side; a forest of beech and oak; lower
down a forest of oak and alder; and along the stream…side alders and
willows only。 And that would be a very fair example of the great law of
the struggle for existence; which causes the competition of species。
What is that?
Madam How is very stern; though she is always perfectly just; and
therefore she makes every living thing fight for its life; and earn its bread;
from its birth till its death; and rewards it exactly according to its deserts;
and neither more nor less。
And the competition of species means; that each thing; and kind of
things; has to compete against the things round it; and to see which is the
stronger; and the stronger live; and breed; and spread; and the weaker die
out。
But that is very hard。
I know it; my child; I know it。 But so it is。 And Madam How; no
doubt; would be often very clumsy and very cruel; without meaning it;
because she never sees beyond her own nose; or thinks at all about the
consequences of what she is doing。 But Lady Why; who does think about
consequences; is her mistress; and orders her about for ever。 And Lady
Why is; I believe; as loving as she is wise; and therefore we must trust that
she guides this great war between living things; and takes care that Madam
How kills nothing which ought not to die; and takes nothing away without
putting something more beautiful and something more useful in its place;
and that even if England were; which God forbid; overrun once more with
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forests and bramble…brakes; that too would be of use somehow;
somewhere; somewhen; in the long ages which are to come hereafter。
And you must remember; too; that since men came into the world with
rational heads on their shoulders; Lady Why has been handing over more
and more of Madam How's work to them; and some of her own work too:
and bids them to put beautiful and useful things in the place of ugly and
useless ones; so that now it is men's own fault if they do not use their wits;
and do by all the world what they have done by these pastureschange it
from a barren moor into a rich hay…field; by copying the laws of Madam
How; and making grass compete against heath。 But you look thoughtful:
what is it you want to know?
Why; you say all living things must fight and scramble for what they
can get from each other: and must not I too? For I am a living thing。
Ah; that is the old question; which our Lord answered long ago; and
said; 〃Be not anxious what ye shall eat or what ye shall drink; or
wherewithal you shall be clothed。 For after all these things do the
heathen seek; and your Heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of
these things。 But seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness;
and all these things shall be added to you。〃 A few; very few; people have
taken that advice。 But they have been just the salt of the earth; which has
kept mankind from decaying。
But what has that to do with it?
See。 You are a living thing; you say。 Are you a plant?
No。
Are you an animal?
I do not know。 Yes。 I suppose I am。 I eat; and drink; and sleep;
just as dogs and cats do。
Yes。 There is no denying that。 No one knew that better than St。
Paul when he told men that they had a flesh; that is; a body; and an
animal's nature in them。 But St。 Paul told themof course he was not the
first to say so; for all the wise heathens have known thatthat there was
something more in us; which he called a spirit。 Some call it now the
moral sentiment; some one thing; some another; but we will keep to the
old word: we shall not find a better。
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MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
Yes; I know that I have a spirit; a soul。
Better to say that you are a spirit。 But what does St。 Paul say? That
our spirit is to conquer our flesh; and keep it down。 That the man in us;
in short; which is made in the likeness of God; is to conquer the animal in
us; which is made in the likeness of the dog and the cat; and sometimes (I
fear) in the likeness of the ape or the pig。 You would not wish to be like
a cat; much less like an ape or a pig?
Of course not。
Then do not copy them; by competing and struggling for existence
against other people。
What do you mean?
Did you never watch the pigs feeding?
Yes; and how they grudge and quarrel; and shove each other's noses
out of the trough; and even bite each other because they are so jealous
which shall get most。
That is it。 And how the biggest pig drives the others away; and would
starve them while he got fat; if the man did not drive him off in his turn。
Oh; yes; I know。
Then no wiser than those pigs are worldly men who compete; and
grudge; and struggle with each other; which shall get most money; most
fame; most power over their fellow…men。 They will tell you; my child;
that that is the true philosophy; and the true wisdom; that competition is
the natural law of society; and the source of wealth and prosperity。 Do
not you listen to them。 That is the wisdom of this world; which the flesh
teaches the animals; and those who follow it; like the animals; will perish。
Such men are not even as wise as Sweep the retriever。
Not as wise as Sweep?
Not they。 Sweep will not take away Victor's bone; though he is ten
times as big as Victor; and could kill him in a moment; and when he
catches a rabbit; does he eat it himself?
Of course not; he brings it and lays it down at our feet。
Because he likes better to do his duty; and be praised for it; than to eat
the rabbit; dearly as he longs to eat it。
But he is only an animal。 Who taught him to be generous; and dutiful;
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MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
and faithful?
Who; indeed! Not we; you know that; for he has grown up with us
since a puppy。 How he learnt it; and his parents before him; is a mystery;
of which we can only say; God has taught them; we know not how。 But
see what has happenedthat just because dogs have learnt not to be selfish
and to competethat is; have become civilised and tametherefore we let
them live with us; and love them。 Because they try to be good in their
simple way; therefore they too have all things added to them; and live far
happier; and more comfortable lives than the selfish wolf and fox。
But why have not all animals found out that?
I cannot tell: there may be wise animals and foolish animals; as there
are wise and foolish men。 Indeed