第 39 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  stiff boughs wound those who have brittle and limp boughs; and so hurt
  them; and if the storms come often enough; kill them。                 But among these
  trees   in   a   sheltered   valley  the   larger   and   stronger   would   kill   the   weaker
  and smaller by simply overshadowing their tops; and starving their roots;
  starving them; indeed; so much when they grow very thick; that the poor
  little acorns; and beech mast; and alder seeds would not be able to sprout
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  at   all。  So   they   would   fight;   killing   each   other's   children;   till   the   war
  endedI think I can guess how。
  How?
  The beeches are as dainty as they are beautiful; and they do not like to
  get their feet wet。      So they would venture down the hill only as far as the
  dry ground lasts; and those who tried to grow any lower would die。                       But
  the   oaks   are   hardy;   and   do   not   care   much   where   they   grow。     So   they
  would   fight   their   way   down   into   the   wet   ground   among   the   alders   and
  willows; till they came to where their enemies were so thick and tall; that
  the   acorns   as   they   fell   could   not   sprout   in   the   darkness。 And   so   you
  would have   at   last;  along   the   hill…side;  a   forest of   beech   and oak;  lower
  down   a   forest   of   oak   and   alder;   and   along   the   stream…side   alders   and
  willows only。 And that would be a very fair example of the great law of
  the struggle for existence; which causes the competition of species。
  What is that?
  Madam   How   is   very   stern;   though   she   is   always   perfectly   just;   and
  therefore she makes every living thing fight for its life; and earn its bread;
  from its birth till its death; and rewards it exactly according to its deserts;
  and neither more nor less。
  And   the   competition   of   species   means;   that   each   thing;   and   kind   of
  things; has to compete against the things round it; and to see which is the
  stronger; and the stronger live; and breed; and spread; and the weaker die
  out。
  But that is very hard。
  I know it; my child; I know it。            But so it is。     And Madam How; no
  doubt;   would   be   often   very   clumsy   and   very   cruel;   without   meaning   it;
  because   she   never   sees   beyond   her   own   nose;   or   thinks   at   all   about   the
  consequences of what she is doing。             But Lady Why; who does think about
  consequences; is her mistress; and orders her about for ever。                    And Lady
  Why is; I believe; as loving as she is wise; and therefore we must trust that
  she guides this great war between living things; and takes care that Madam
  How kills nothing which ought not to die; and takes nothing away without
  putting something more beautiful and something more useful in its place;
  and that even if England were; which God forbid; overrun once more with
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  forests     and   bramble…brakes;       that   too   would     be   of   use    somehow;
  somewhere; somewhen; in the long ages which are to come hereafter。
  And you must remember; too; that since men came into the world with
  rational heads on their shoulders; Lady Why has been handing over more
  and more of Madam How's work to them; and some of her own work too:
  and bids them to put beautiful and useful things in the place of ugly and
  useless ones; so that now it is men's own fault if they do not use their wits;
  and do by all the world what they have done by these pastureschange it
  from a barren moor into a rich hay…field; by copying the laws of Madam
  How; and making grass compete against heath。                But you look thoughtful:
  what is it you want to know?
  Why; you say all living things must fight and scramble for what they
  can get from each other:         and must not I too?       For I am a living thing。
  Ah; that is the old question; which our Lord answered long ago; and
  said;    〃Be   not   anxious    what   ye   shall  eat   or  what   ye   shall  drink;   or
  wherewithal       you   shall  be   clothed。    For    after  all  these  things   do   the
  heathen   seek;   and   your   Heavenly   Father   knoweth   that   ye   have   need   of
  these things。     But seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness;
  and all these things shall be added to you。〃           A few; very few; people have
  taken that advice。      But they have been just the salt of the earth; which has
  kept mankind from decaying。
  But what has that to do with it?
  See。    You are a living thing; you say。        Are you a plant?
  No。
  Are you an animal?
  I do not know。        Yes。    I suppose I am。       I eat; and drink; and sleep;
  just as dogs and cats do。
  Yes。    There   is   no   denying   that。   No   one   knew   that   better   than   St。
  Paul   when   he   told   men   that   they   had   a   flesh;   that   is;   a   body;   and   an
  animal's nature in them。        But St。 Paul told themof course he was not the
  first to say so; for all the wise heathens have known thatthat there was
  something   more   in   us;   which   he   called   a   spirit。 Some   call   it   now   the
  moral sentiment; some one thing; some another; but we will keep to   the
  old word:      we shall not find a better。
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  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  Yes; I know that I have a spirit; a soul。
  Better to say that you are a spirit。         But what does St。 Paul say? That
  our spirit is to conquer our flesh; and keep it down。              That the man in us;
  in short; which is made in the likeness of God; is to conquer the animal in
  us; which is made in the likeness of the dog and the cat; and sometimes (I
  fear) in the likeness of the ape or the pig。          You would not wish to be like
  a cat; much less like an ape or a pig?
  Of course not。
  Then   do   not   copy   them;   by   competing   and   struggling   for   existence
  against other people。
  What do you mean?
  Did you never watch the pigs feeding?
  Yes; and how they  grudge and quarrel; and   shove each   other's noses
  out   of   the   trough;   and   even   bite   each   other   because   they   are   so   jealous
  which shall get most。
  That is it。   And how the biggest pig drives the others away; and would
  starve them while he got fat; if the man did not drive him off in his turn。
  Oh; yes; I know。
  Then   no   wiser   than   those   pigs   are   worldly   men   who   compete;   and
  grudge; and struggle with each other; which shall get most money;   most
  fame; most power over their fellow…men。                They will tell you; my child;
  that that is the true philosophy; and the true wisdom; that competition is
  the natural law of society; and the source of wealth and prosperity。                    Do
  not you listen to them。        That is the wisdom of this world; which the flesh
  teaches the animals; and those who follow it; like the animals; will perish。
  Such men are not even as wise as Sweep the retriever。
  Not as wise as Sweep?
  Not they。     Sweep will not take away Victor's bone; though he is ten
  times   as   big   as   Victor;   and   could   kill   him   in   a   moment;   and   when   he
  catches a rabbit; does he eat it himself?
  Of course not; he brings it and lays it down at our feet。
  Because he likes better to do his duty; and be praised for it; than to eat
  the rabbit; dearly as he longs to eat it。
  But he is only an animal。        Who taught him to be generous; and dutiful;
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  and faithful?
  Who; indeed!       Not we; you know that; for he has grown up with us
  since a puppy。      How he learnt it; and his parents before him; is a mystery;
  of which we can only say; God has taught them; we know not how。                       But
  see what has happenedthat just because dogs have learnt not to be selfish
  and to competethat is; have become civilised and tametherefore we let
  them live with us; and love them。            Because they try to be good in their
  simple way; therefore they too have all things added to them; and live far
  happier; and more comfortable lives than the selfish wolf and fox。
  But why have not all animals found out that?
  I cannot tell:    there may be wise animals and foolish animals; as there
  are   wise   and   foolish   men。   Indeed