第 28 节
作者:
嘟嘟 更新:2021-02-20 05:57 字数:9322
along; and was; and will be for many a year to come; perfectly able to take
care of himself。
As for poor Synthesis; he really has fallen so low in these days; that
one cannot but pity him。 He now goes about humbly after his brother;
feeding on any scraps that are thrown to him; and is snubbed and rapped
over the knuckles; and told one minute to hold his tongue and mind his
own business; and the next that he has no business at all to mind; till he
has got into such a poor way that some folks fancy he will die; and are
actually digging his grave already; and composing his epitaph。 But they
are trying to wear the bear's skin before the bear is killed; for Synthesis is
not dead; nor anything like it; and he will rise up again some day; to make
good friends with his brother Analysis; and by his help do nobler and more
beautiful work than he has ever yet done in the world。
So now Analysis has got the upper hand; so much so that he is in
danger of being spoilt by too much prosperity; as his brother was before
him; in which case he too will have his fall; and a great deal of good it will
do him。 And that is the end of my story; and a true story it is。
Now you must remember; whenever you have to do with him; that
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Analysis; like fire; is a very good servant; but a very bad master。 For;
having got his freedom only of late years or so; he is; like young men
when they come suddenly to be their own masters; apt to be conceited; and
to fancy that he knows everything; when really he knows nothing; and can
never know anything; but only knows about things; which is a very
different matter。 Indeed; nowadays he pretends that he can teach his old
grandmother; Madam How; not only how to suck eggs; but to make eggs
into the bargain; while the good old lady just laughs at him kindly; and lets
him run on; because she knows he will grow wiser in time; and learn
humility by his mistakes and failures; as I hope you will from yours。
However; Analysis is a very clever young giant; and can do wonderful
work as long as he meddles only with dead things; like this bit of lime。
He can take it to pieces; and tell you of what things it is made; or seems to
be made; and take them to pieces again; and tell you what each of them is
made of; and so on; till he gets conceited; and fancies that he can find out
some one Thing of all things (which he calls matter); of which all other
things are made; and some Way of all ways (which he calls force); by
which all things are made: but when he boasts in that way; old Madam
How smiles; and says; 〃My child; before you can say that; you must
remember a hundred things which you are forgetting; and learn a hundred
thousand things which you do not know;〃 and then she just puts her hand
over his eyes; and Master Analysis begins groping in the dark; and talking
the saddest nonsense。 So beware of him; and keep him in his own place;
and to his own work; or he will flatter you; and get the mastery of you; and
persuade you that he can teach you a thousand things of which he knows
no more than he does why a duck's egg never hatches into a chicken。
And remember; if Master Analysis ever grows saucy and conceited with
you; just ask him that last riddle; and you will shut him up at once。
And why?
Because Analysis can only explain to you a little about dead things;
like stonesinorganic things as they are called。 Living thingsorganisms;
as they are calledhe cannot explain to you at all。 When he meddles
with them; he always ends like the man who killed his goose to get the
golden eggs。 He has to kill his goose; or his flower; or his insect; before
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he can analyse it; and then it is not a goose; but only the corpse of a goose;
not a flower; but only the dead stuff of the flower。
And therefore he will never do anything but fail; when he tries to find
out the life in things。 How can he; when he has to take the life out of
them first? He could not even find out how a plum… pudding is made by
merely analysing it。 He might part the sugar; and the flour; and the suet;
he might even (for he is very clever; and very patient too; the more honour
to him) take every atom of sugar out of the flour with which it had got
mixed; and every atom of brown colour which had got out of the plums
and currants into the body of the pudding; and then; for aught I know; put
the colouring matter back again into the plums and currants; and then; for
aught I know; turn the boiled pudding into a raw one again; for he is a
great conjurer; as Madam How's grandson is bound to be: but yet he
would never find out how the pudding was made; unless some one told
him the great secret which the sailors in the old story forgotthat the cook
boiled it in a cloth。
This is Analysis's weak pointdon't let it be yoursthat in all his
calculations he is apt to forget the cloth; and indeed the cook likewise。
No doubt he can analyse the matter of things: but he will keep forgetting
that he cannot analyse their form。
Do I mean their shape?
No; my child; no。 I mean something which makes the shape of things;
and the matter of them likewise; but which folks have lost sight of
nowadays; and do not seem likely to get sight of again for a few hundred
years。 So I suppose that you need not trouble your head about it; but may
just follow the fashions as long as they last。
About this piece of lime; however; Analysis can tell us a great deal。
And we may trust what he says; and believe that he understands what he
says。
Why?
Think now。 If you took your watch to pieces; you would probably
spoil it for ever; you would have perhaps broken; and certainly mislaid;
some of the bits; and not even a watchmaker could put it together again。
You would have analysed the watch wrongly。 But if a watchmaker took
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it to pieces then any other watchmaker could put it together again to go as
well as ever; because they both understand the works; how they fit into
each other; and what the use and the power of each is。 Its being put
together again rightly would be a proof that it had been taken to pieces
rightly。
And so with Master Analysis。 If he can take a thing to pieces so that
his brother Synthesis can put it together again; you may be sure that he has
done his work rightly。
Now he can take a bit of chalk to pieces; so that it shall become
several different things; none of which is chalk; or like chalk at all。 And
then his brother Synthesis can put them together again; so that they shall
become chalk; as they were before。 He can do that very nearly; but not
quite。 There is; in every average piece of chalk; something which he
cannot make into chalk again when he has once unmade it。
What that is I will show you presently; and a wonderful tale hangs
thereby。 But first we will let Analysis tell us what chalk is made of; as
far as he knows。
He will sayChalk is carbonate of lime。
But what is carbonate of lime made of?
Lime and carbonic acid。
And what is lime?
The oxide of a certain metal; called calcium。
What do you mean?
That quicklime is a certain metal mixed with oxygen gas; and slacked
lime is the same; mixed with water。
So lime is a metal。 What is a metal? Nobody knows。
And what is oxygen gas? Nobody knows。
Well; Analysis; stops short very soon。 He does not seem to know
much about the matter。
Nay; nay; you are wrong there。 It is just 〃about the matter〃 that he
does know; and knows a great deal; and very accurately; what he does not
know is the matter itself。 He will tell you wond