第 28 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  along; and was; and will be for many a year to come; perfectly able to take
  care of himself。
  As for poor Synthesis; he really has fallen so low in these days; that
  one cannot but pity  him。          He   now goes   about humbly  after   his brother;
  feeding on any scraps that are thrown to him; and is snubbed and rapped
  over the knuckles;  and told one  minute to   hold his tongue  and mind his
  own business; and the next that he has no business at all to mind; till he
  has got into such a poor way that some folks  fancy he will die; and  are
  actually digging his grave already; and composing his epitaph。                   But they
  are trying to wear the bear's skin before the bear is killed; for Synthesis is
  not dead; nor anything like it; and he will rise up again some day; to make
  good friends with his brother Analysis; and by his help do nobler and more
  beautiful work than he has ever yet done in the world。
  So   now  Analysis   has   got   the   upper   hand;   so   much   so   that   he   is   in
  danger of being spoilt by too much prosperity; as his brother was before
  him; in which case he too will have his fall; and a great deal of good it will
  do him。     And that is the end of my story; and a true story it is。
  Now   you   must   remember;   whenever   you   have   to   do   with   him;   that
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  Analysis;   like   fire;   is   a   very   good   servant;   but   a   very  bad   master。 For;
  having   got   his   freedom   only   of   late   years   or   so;   he   is;   like   young   men
  when they come suddenly to be their own masters; apt to be conceited; and
  to fancy that he knows everything; when really he knows nothing; and can
  never     know    anything;    but   only   knows     about   things;   which    is  a  very
  different matter。      Indeed; nowadays he pretends that he can teach his old
  grandmother; Madam How; not only how to suck eggs; but to make eggs
  into the bargain; while the good old lady just laughs at him kindly; and lets
  him   run   on;   because   she   knows   he   will   grow   wiser   in   time;   and   learn
  humility by his mistakes and failures; as I hope you will from yours。
  However; Analysis is a very clever young giant; and can do wonderful
  work as long   as he  meddles only  with dead things; like this bit of  lime。
  He can take it to pieces; and tell you of what things it is made; or seems to
  be made; and take them to pieces again; and tell you what each of them is
  made of; and so on; till he gets conceited; and fancies that he can find out
  some one Thing of all things (which he calls matter); of which all other
  things   are   made;   and   some   Way   of   all   ways   (which   he   calls   force);   by
  which all things are made:           but when he boasts in that way; old Madam
  How   smiles;   and   says;   〃My   child;   before   you   can   say   that;   you   must
  remember a hundred things which you are forgetting; and learn a hundred
  thousand things which you do not know;〃 and then she just puts her hand
  over his eyes; and Master Analysis begins groping in the dark; and talking
  the saddest nonsense。         So beware of him; and keep him in his own place;
  and to his own work; or he will flatter you; and get the mastery of you; and
  persuade you that he can teach you a thousand things of which he knows
  no   more   than   he   does   why   a   duck's   egg   never   hatches   into   a   chicken。
  And remember; if Master Analysis ever grows saucy and conceited with
  you; just ask him that last riddle; and you will shut him up at once。
  And why?
  Because Analysis   can only  explain   to   you   a   little   about   dead   things;
  like stonesinorganic things as they are called。            Living thingsorganisms;
  as   they   are   calledhe   cannot   explain   to   you   at   all。 When   he   meddles
  with them;  he always   ends like the man   who killed his goose   to get   the
  golden eggs。       He has to kill his goose; or his flower; or his insect; before
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  he can analyse it; and then it is not a goose; but only the corpse of a goose;
  not a flower; but only the dead stuff of the flower。
  And therefore he will never do anything but fail; when he tries to find
  out the life in things。       How  can he; when   he has   to take the  life out   of
  them first?      He could not even find out how a plum… pudding is made by
  merely analysing it。        He might part the sugar; and the flour; and the suet;
  he might even (for he is very clever; and very patient too; the more honour
  to him)   take   every  atom  of   sugar out of the   flour   with   which   it   had got
  mixed; and every atom of brown colour which had got out of the plums
  and currants into the body of the pudding; and then; for aught I know; put
  the colouring matter back again into the plums and currants; and then; for
  aught I know; turn the boiled pudding into a raw one again; for he is a
  great   conjurer;   as   Madam   How's   grandson   is   bound   to   be:      but   yet   he
  would never  find   out   how  the   pudding   was   made;   unless   some   one   told
  him the great secret which the sailors in the old story forgotthat the cook
  boiled it in a cloth。
  This   is   Analysis's   weak   pointdon't   let   it   be   yoursthat   in   all   his
  calculations   he   is   apt   to   forget   the   cloth;   and   indeed   the   cook   likewise。
  No doubt he can analyse the matter of things:              but he will keep forgetting
  that he cannot analyse their form。
  Do I mean their shape?
  No; my child; no。        I mean something which makes the shape of things;
  and    the   matter   of   them   likewise;    but   which    folks   have   lost  sight   of
  nowadays; and do not seem likely to get sight of again for a few hundred
  years。     So I suppose that you need not trouble your head about it; but may
  just follow the fashions as long as they last。
  About this   piece of   lime;   however; Analysis   can tell us   a great   deal。
  And we may trust what he says; and believe that he understands what he
  says。
  Why?
  Think   now。     If   you   took   your   watch   to   pieces;   you   would   probably
  spoil   it   for  ever;   you   would have   perhaps   broken;  and   certainly  mislaid;
  some of the bits; and not even a watchmaker could put it together again。
  You would have analysed the watch wrongly。                  But if a watchmaker took
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  it to pieces then any other watchmaker could put it together again to go as
  well   as   ever;   because   they  both   understand   the   works;   how   they  fit   into
  each   other;   and   what   the   use   and   the   power   of   each   is。 Its   being   put
  together   again   rightly  would   be   a   proof that   it   had   been   taken   to   pieces
  rightly。
  And so with Master Analysis。            If he can take a thing to pieces so that
  his brother Synthesis can put it together again; you may be sure that he has
  done his work rightly。
  Now   he   can   take   a   bit   of   chalk   to   pieces;   so   that   it   shall   become
  several different things; none of which is chalk; or like chalk at all。                And
  then his brother Synthesis can put them together again; so that they shall
  become chalk; as they were before。              He can do that very nearly; but not
  quite。     There   is;   in   every   average   piece   of   chalk;   something   which   he
  cannot make into chalk again when he has once unmade it。
  What   that   is   I   will   show   you   presently;   and   a   wonderful   tale   hangs
  thereby。     But first we will let Analysis tell us what chalk is made of; as
  far as he knows。
  He will sayChalk is carbonate of lime。
  But what is carbonate of lime made of?
  Lime and carbonic acid。
  And what is lime?
  The oxide of a certain metal; called calcium。
  What do you mean?
  That quicklime is a certain metal mixed with oxygen gas; and slacked
  lime is the same; mixed with water。
  So lime is a metal。       What is a metal?        Nobody knows。
  And what is oxygen gas?           Nobody knows。
  Well;  Analysis;   stops   short   very   soon。     He   does   not   seem   to   know
  much about the matter。
  Nay; nay;  you   are wrong   there。       It is just 〃about the   matter〃 that   he
  does know; and knows a great deal; and very accurately; what he does not
  know is the matter itself。        He will tell you wond