第 20 节
作者:
嘟嘟 更新:2021-02-20 05:57 字数:9322
their bright patches of eternal snow; I should advise you to look at the rock
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on which you stand; and see what you see there。 And you will see that on
the side of the Coiles towards Lochnagar; and between the knolls of them;
are scattered streams; as it were; of great round boulder stoneswhich are
not serpentine; but granite from the top of Lochnagar; five miles away。
And you will see that the knolls of serpentine rock; or at least their backs
and shoulders towards Lochnagar; are all smoothed and polished till they
are as round as the backs of sheep; 〃roches moutonnees;〃 as the French
call ice…polished rocks; and then; if you understand what that means; you
will say; as I said; 〃I am perfectly certain that this great basin between me
and Lochnagar; which is now 3000 feet deep of empty air was once filled
up with ice to the height of the hills on which I stand about 1700 feet
highand that that ice ran over into Glen Muick; between these pretty
knolls; and covered the ground where Birk Hall now stands。〃
And more:… When you see growing on those knolls of serpentine a few
pretty little Alpine plants; which have no business down there so low; you
will have a fair right to say; as I said; 〃The seeds of these plants were
brought by the ice ages and ages since from off the mountain range of
Lochnagar; and left here; nestling among the rocks; to found a fresh
colony; far from their old mountain home。〃
If I could take you with me up to Scotland;take you; for instance;
along the Tay; up the pass of Dunkeld; or up Strathmore towards Aberdeen;
or up the Dee towards Braemar;I could show you signs; which cannot be
mistaken; of the time when Scotland was; just like Spitzbergen or like
Greenland now; covered in one vast sheet of snow and ice from year's end
to year's end; when glaciers were ploughing out its valleys; icebergs were
breaking off the icy cliffs and floating out to sea; when not a bird; perhaps;
was to be seen save sea…fowl; not a plant upon the rocks but a few lichens;
and Alpine saxifrages; and such likedesolation and cold and lifeless
everywhere。 That ice…time went on for ages and for ages; and yet it did
not go on in vain。 Through it Madam How was ploughing down the
mountains of Scotland to make all those rich farms which stretch from the
north side of the Frith of Forth into Sutherlandshire。 I could show you
everywhere the green banks and knolls of earth; which Scotch people call
〃kames〃 and 〃tomans〃 perhaps brought down by ancient glaciers; or
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dropped by ancient icebergsnow so smooth and green through summer
and through winter; among the wild heath and the rough peat…moss; that
the old Scots fancied; and I dare say Scotch children fancy still; fairies
dwelt inside。 If you laid your ear against the mounds; you might hear the
fairy music; sweet and faint; beneath the ground。 If you watched the
mound at night; you might see the fairies dancing the turf short and
smooth; or riding out on fairy horses; with green silk clothes and jingling
bells。 But if you fell asleep upon the mounds; the fairy queen came out
and carried you for seven years into Fairyland; till you awoke again in the
same place; to find all changed around you; and yourself grown thin and
old。
These are all dreams and fanciesuntrue; not because they are too
strange and wonderful; but because they are not strange and wonderful
enough: for more wonderful sure than any fairy tale it is; that Madam
How should make a rich and pleasant land by the brute force of ice。
And were there any men and women in that old age of ice? That is a
long story; and a dark one too; we will talk of it next time。
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MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
CHAPTER VI
THE TRUE FAIRY TALE
You asked if there were men in England when the country was covered
with ice and snow。 Look at this; and judge for yourself。
What is it? a piece of old mortar? Yes。 But mortar which was made
Madam How herself; and not by any man。 And what is in it? A piece of
flint and some bits of bone。 But look at that piece of flint。 It is narrow;
thin; sharp…edged: quite different in shape from any bit of flint which
you or I ever saw among the hundreds of thousands of broken bits of
gravel which we tread on here all day long; and here are some more bits
like it; which came from the same placeall very much the same shape;
like rough knives or razor blades; and here is a core of flint; the remaining
part of a large flint; from which; as you may see; blades like those have
been split off。 Those flakes of flint; my child; were split off by men;
even your young eyes ought to be able to see that。 And here are other
pieces of flintpear…shaped; but flattened; sharp at one end and left
rounded at the other; which look like spear… heads; or arrow…heads; or
pointed axes; or pointed hatchetseven your young eyes can see that these
must have been made by man。 And they are; I may tell you; just like the
tools of flint; or of obsidian; which is volcanic glass; and which savages
use still where they have not iron。 There is a great obsidian knife; you
know; in a house in this very parish; which came from Mexico; and your
eye can tell you how like it is to these flint ones。 But these flint tools are
very old。 If you crack a fresh flint; you will see that its surface is gray;
and somewhat rough; so that it sticks to your tongue。 These tools are
smooth and shiny: and the edges of some of them are a little rubbed
from being washed about in gravel; while the iron in the gravel has stained
them reddish; which it would take hundreds and perhaps thousands of
years to do。 There are little rough markings; too; upon some of them;
which; if you look at through a magnifying glass; are iron; crystallised into
the shape of little seaweeds and treesanother sign that they are very very
old。 And what is more; near the place where these flint flakes come from
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there are no flints in the ground for hundreds of miles; so that men must
have brought them there ages and ages since。 And to tell you plainly;
these are scrapers such as the Esquimaux in North America still use to
scrape the flesh off bones; and to clean the insides of skins。
But did these people (savages perhaps) live when the country was icy
cold? Look at the bits of bone。 They have been split; you see;
lengthways; that; I suppose; was to suck the marrow out of them; as
savages do still。 But to what animal do the bones belong? That is the
question; and one which I could not have answered you; if wiser men than
I am could not have told me。
They are the bones of reindeersuch reindeer as are now found only in
Lapland and the half…frozen parts of North America; close to the Arctic
circle; where they have six months day and six months night。 You have
read of Laplanders; and how they drive reindeer in their sledges; and live
upon reindeer milk; and you have read of Esquimaux; who hunt seals and
walrus; and live in houses of ice; lighted by lamps fed with the same
blubber on which they feed themselves。 I need not tell you about them。
Now comes the questionWhence did these flints and bones come?
They came out of a cave in Dordogne; in the heart of sunny France;far
away to the south; where it is hotter every summer than it was here even
this summer; from among woods of box and evergreen oak; and vineyards
of rich r