intellect　and　humanity　could　cause　everything　to　happen　in　an
  infinitely　superior　manner。　Could　one　like　the　divine　Juliushumane；
  generous；　broadest　of　view；　deep　thinkingwield　such　power；　certainly　every
  human　being　would　enjoy　happiness。
  But　that　which　is　thoughtlessly　credited　to　a　non…existent
  intelligence　should　really　be　claimed　and　exercised　by　the　human
  race。　It　is　ourselves　who　should　direct　our　affairs；　protecting
  ourselves　from　pain；　assisting　ourselves；　succouring　and　rendering　our　lives
  happy。　We　must　do　for　ourselves　what
  superstition　has　hitherto　supposed　an　intelligence　to　do　for　us。
  Nothing　whatsoever　is　done　for　us。　We　are　born　naked；　and　not　even　protected
  by　a　shaggy　covering。　Nothing　is　done　for　us。
  The　first　and　strongest　command　（using　the　word　to　convey　the
  idea　only）　that　nature；　the　universe；　our　own　bodies　give；　is　to
  do　everything　for　ourselves。　The　sea　does　not　make　boats　for　us；
  nor　the　earth　of　her　own　will　build　us　hospitals。　The　injured　lie　bleeding；
  and　no　invisible　power　lifts　them　up。　The　maidens　were　scorched　in　the　midst
  of　their　devotions；　and　their　remains　make　a　mound　hundreds　of　yards　long。
  The　infants　perished　in　the　snow；　and　the　ravens　tore　their　limbs。　Those　in
  the　theatre　crushed　each　other　to　the　deathagony。　For　how　long；　for　how
  many　thousand　years；　must　the　earth　and　the　sea；　and　the　fire　and　the　air；
  utter　these　things　and　force　them　upon　us　before　they　are　admitted　in　their
  full　significance？
  These　things　speak　with　a　voice　of　thunder。　From　every　human　being　whose
  body　has　been　racked　by　pain；　from　every　human　being　who　has　suffered　from
  accident　or　disease；　from　every　human　being　drowned；　burned；　or　slain　by
  negligence；　there　goes　up　a　continually　increasing　cry　louder　than　the
  thunder。
  An　awe…inspiring　cry　dread　to　listen　to；　which　no　one　dares　listen　to；
  against　which　ears　are　stopped　by　the　wax　of　superstition　and　the　wax　of
  criminal　selfishness：These　miseries　are　your　doing；　because　you　have　mind
  and　though；　and　could　have　prevented　them。　You　can　prevent　them　in　the
  future。　You　do　not　even　try。
  It　is　perfectly　certain　that　all　diseases　without　exception　are
  preventable；　or；　if　not　so；　that　they　can　be　so　weakened　as　to
  do　no　harm。　It　is　perfectly　certain　that　all　accidents　are
  preventable；　there　is　not　one　that　does　not　arise　from　folly　or
  negligence。　All　accidents　are　crimes。　It　is　perfectly　certain
  that　all　human　beings　are　capable　of　physical　happiness。　It　is
  absolutely　incontrovertible　that　the　ideal　shape　of　the　human
  being　is　attainable　to　the　exclusion　of　deformities。　It　is
  incontrovertible　that　there　is　no　necessity　for　any　man　to　die
  but　of　old　aoe；　and　that　if　death　cannot　be　prevented　life
  can　be　prolonged　far　beyond　the　farthest　now　known。　　It　is　incontrovertible
  that　at　the　present　time　no　one　ever　dies　of　old　age。　Not　one　single　person
  ever　dies　of　old　age；　or　of　natural　causes；　for　there　is　no　such　thing　as　a
  natural　cause　of　death。　They　die　of　disease　or　weakness　which　is　the　result
  of　disease　either　in　themselves　or　in　their　ancestors。　No　such　thing　as　old
  age　is　known　to　us。　We　do　not　even　know　what　old　age　would　be　like；　because
  no　one　ever　lives　to　it。
  Our　bodies　are　full　of　unsuspected　flaws；　handed　down　it　may　be
  for　thousands　of　years；　and　it　is　of　these　that　we　die；　and　not
  of　natural　decay。　Till　these　are　eliminated；　or　as　nearly
  eliminated　as　possible；　we　shall　never　even　know　what　true　old
  age　is　like；　nor　what　the　true　natural　limit　of　human　life　is。
  The　utmost　limit　now　appears　to　be　about　one　hundred　and　five
  years；　but　as　each　person　who　has　got　so　far　has　died　of　weaknesses
  inherited　through　thousands　of　years；　it　is　impossible　to　say　to　what　number
  of　years　he　would　have　reached　in　a　natural　state。　It　seems　more　than
  possible　that　true　old　agethe　slow　and　natural　decay　of　the　body　apart
  from　inherited
  flawwould　be　free　from　very　many；　if　not　all；　of　the　petty
  miseries　which　now　render　extreme　age　a　doubtful　blessing。　If
  the　limbs　grew　weaker　they　would　not　totter；　if　the　teeth
  dropped　it　would　not　be　till　the　last；　if　the　eyes　were　less
  strong　they　would　not　be　quite　dim；　nor　would　the　mind　lose　its
  memory。
  But　now　we　see　eyes　become　dim　and　artifical　aid　needed　in　comparative
  youth；　and　teeth　drop　out　in　mere　childhood。
  Many　men　and　women　lose　teeth　before　they　are　twenty。　This　simple　fact　is
  evidence　enough　of　inherited　weakness　or　flaw。　How　could　a　person　who　had
  lost　teeth　before　twenty　be　ever　said　to　die　of　old　age；　though　he　died　at　a
  hundred　and　ten？　Death　is　not　a　supernatural　event；　it　is　an　event　of　the
  most　materialistic　character；　and　may　certainly　be　postponed；　by　the　united
  efforts　of　the　human　race；　to　a　period　far　more　distant　from　the　date　of
  birth　than　has　been　the　case　during　the　historic　period。　The　question　has
  often　been　debated　in　my　mind　whether　death　is　or　is　not　wholly　preventable；
  whether；　if　the　entire　human　race　were　united　in　their　efforts　to　eliminate
  causes　of　decay；　death　might　not　also　be　altogether　eliminated。
  If　we　consider　ourselves　by　the　analogy　of　animals；　trees；　and
  other　living　creatures；　the　reply　is　that；　however　postponed；
  in　long　process　of　time　the　tissues　must　wither。　Suppose　an　ideal　man；　free
  from　inherited　flaw；　then　though　his　age　might
  be　prolonged　to　several　centuries；　in　the　end　the　natural　body
  must　wear　out。　That　is　true　so　far。　But　it　so　happens　that　the　analogy　is
  not　just；　and　therefore　the　conclusions　it　points　to　are　not　tenable。
  Man　is　altogether　different　from　every　other　animal；　every　other　living
  creature　known。　He　is　different　in　body。　In　his　purely　natural　statein　his
  true　natural　statehe　is　immeasurably　stronger。　No　animal　approaches　to　the
  physical　perfection　of　which　a　man　is　capable。　　He　can　weary　the　strongest
  horse；　he　can　outrun　the　swiftest　stag；　he　can　bear　extremes　of　heat　and
  cold　hunger　and　thirst；　which　would　exterminate　every　known　living　thing。
  Merely　in　bodily　strength　he　is　superior　to　all。　The　stories　of　antiquity；
  which　were　deemed　fables；　may　be　fables　historically；　but　search　has　shown
  that　they　are　not　intrinsically　fables。　　Man　of　flesh　and　blood　is　capable
  of　all　that　Ajax；　all　that　Hercules　did。　Feats　in　modern　days　have　surpassed
  these；　as　when　Webb　swam　the　Channel；　mythology　contains　nothing　equal　to
  that。　　The　difference　does　not　end　here。　Animals　think　to　a　certain　extent；
  but　if　their　conceptions　be　ever　so　clever；　not　having　hands　they　cannot
  execute　them。
  I　myself　maintain　that　the　mind　of　man　is　practically　infinite。
  It　can　understand　anything　brought　before　it。　It　has　not　the
  power　of　its　own　motion　to　bring　everything　before　it；　but　when
  anything　is　brought　it　is　understood。　It　is　like　sitting　in　a
  room　with　one　window；　you　cannot　compel　everything　to　pass　the
  window；　but　whatever　does　pass　is　seen。　It　is　like　a　magnifying　glass；　which
  magnifies　and　explains　everything　brought　into　its　focus。　The　mind　of　man　is
  infinite。　Beyond　this；　man　has　a　soul。　I　do　not　use　this　word　in　the　common
  sense　which　circumstances　have　given　to　it。　I　use　it　as　the　only　term　to
  express　that　inner　consciousness　which　aspires。　　These　brief　reasons　show
  that　the　analogy　is　imperfect；　and　that　therefore；　although　an　ideal
  animala　horse；　a　dog；　a　lionmust　die；　it　does　not　follow　that　an　ideal
  man　must。　He　has　a　body　possessed　of　exceptional　recuperative　powers；　which；
  under　proper　conditions；　continually　repairs　itself。　He　has　a　mind　by　which
  he　can　select　remedies；　and　select　his　course　and　carefully　restore　the
  waste　of　tissue。　He　has　a　soul；　as　yet；　it　seems　to　me；　lying　in　abeyance；
  by　the　aid　of　which　he　may　yet　discover　things　now　deemed　supernatural。
  Considering　these　things　I　am　obliged　by　facts　and　incontrovert…ible
  argument　to　conclude　that　death　is　not　inevitable　to　the　ideal　man。　He　is
  shaped　for　a　species　of　physical　immortality。　The　beauty　of　form　of　the
  ideal　human　being　indicates　immortalitythe　contour；　the　curve；　the　outline
  answer　to　the　idea　of　life。　In　the　course　of　ages　united　effort　long
  continued　may　eliminate　those　causes　of　decay　which　have　grown　up　in　ages
  past；　and　after　that　has　been　done　advance　farther　and　improve　the　natural
  state。　As　a　river　brings　down　suspended　particles　of　sand；　and　depositing
  them　at　its　mouth　forms　a　delta　and　a　new　country；　as　the　air　and　the　rain
  and　the　heat　of　the　sun　desiccate　the　rocks　and　slowly　wear　down　mountains
  into　sand；　so　the　united　action　of　the　human　race；　continued　through
  centuries；　may　build　up　the　ideal　man　and　woman。
  Each　individual　labouring　in　his　day　through　geological　time　in　front　must
  produce　an　effect。　　The　instance　of　Sparta；　where　so　much　was　done　in　a　few
  centuries；　is　almost　proof　of　it。
  The　truth　is；　we　die　through　our　ancestors；　we　are　murdered　by　our
  ancestors。　Their　dead　hands　stretch　forth　from　the　tomb　and　drag　us　down　to
  their　mouldering　bones。　We　in　our　turn　are　now　at　this　moment　preparing
  death　for　our　unborn　posterity。　This　day　those　that　die　do　not　die　in　the
  sense　of　old　age；　they　are　slain。　Nothing　has　been　accumulated　for　our
  benefit　in　ages　past。　All　the　labour　and　the　toil　of　so　many　millions
  continued　through　such　v