between　men。　This　group　of　men　and　women；　all　tolerably
  intelligent　and　thoughtful　looking；　are　so…called　enemies　of
  societyNihilists；　Anarchists；　Communards；　members　of　the
  International；and　so　on。　These　other　poor　devils；　worried；　stiff；
  strumous；　awkward；　vapid；　and　rather　coarse；　with　here　and　there
  a　passably　pretty　woman；　are　European　kings；　queens；　grand…dukes；
  and　the　like。　Here　are　ship…captains；　criminals；　poets；　men　of
  science；　peers；　peasants；　political　economists；　and
  representatives　of　dozens　of　degrees。　The　object　of　the
  collection　is　to　illustrate　the　natural　inequality　of　man；　and
  the　failure　of　our　artificial　inequality　to　correspond　with　it。〃
  〃It　seems　to　me　a　sort　of　infernal　collection　for　the　upsetting
  of　people's　ideas；〃　said　Erskine。　〃You　ought　to　label　it　'A
  Portfolio　of　Paradoxes。'〃
  〃In　a　rational　state　of　society　they　would　be　paradoxes；　but　now
  the　time　gives　them　prooflike　Hamlet's　paradox。　It　is；　however；
  a　collection　of　facts；　and　I　will　give　no　fanciful　name　to　it。
  You　dislike　figures；　don't　you？〃
  〃Unless　they　are　by　Phidias；　yes。〃
  〃Here　are　a　few；　not　by　Phidias。　This　is　the　balance　sheet　of　an
  attempt　I　made　some　years　ago　to　carry　out　the　idea　of　an
  International　Association　of　Laborerscommonly　known　as　THE
  Internationalor　union　of　all　workmen　throughout　the　world　in
  defence　of　the　interests　of　labor。　You　see　the　result。
  Expenditure；　four　thousand　five　hundred　pounds。　Subscriptions
  received　from　working…men；　twenty…two　pounds　seven　and　ten　pence
  halfpenny。　The　British　workmen　showed　their　sense　of　my　efforts
  to　emancipate　them　by　accusing　me　of　making　a　good　thing　out　of
  the　Association　for　my　own　pocket；　and　by　mobbing　and　stoning　me
  twice。　I　now　help　them　only　when　they　show　some　disposition　to
  help　themselves。　I　occupy　myself　partly　in　working　out　a　scheme
  for　the　reorganization　of　industry；　and　partly　in　attacking　my
  own　class；　women　and　all；　as　I　am　attacking　you。〃
  〃There　is　little　use　in　attacking　us；　I　fear；〃　said　Sir　Charles。
  〃Great　use；〃　said　Trefusis　confidently。　〃You　have　a　very
  different　opinion　of　our　boasted　civilization　now　from　that　which
  you　held　when　I　broke　your　wall　down　and　invited　those　Land
  Nationalization　zealots　to　march　across　your　pleasure　ground。　You
  have　seen　in　my　album　something　you　had　not　seen　an　hour　ago；　and
  you　are　consequently　not　quite　the　same　man　you　were　an　hour　ago。
  My　pictures　stick　in　the　mind　longer　than　your　scratchy　etchings；
  or　the　leaden　things　in　which　you　fancy　you　see　tender　harmonies
  in　gray。　Erskine's　next　drama　may　be　about　liberty；　but　its
  Patriot　Martyrs　will　have　something　better　to　do　than　spout
  balderdash　against　figure…head　kings　who　in　all　their　lives　never
  secretly　plotted　as　much　dastardly　meanness；　greed；　cruelty；　and
  tyranny　as　is　openly　voted　for　in　London　by　every　half…yearly
  meeting　of　dividend…consuming　vermin　whose　miserable　wage…slaves
  drudge　sixteen　hours　out　of　the　twenty…four。〃
  〃What　is　going　to　be　the　end　of　it　all？〃　said　Sir　Charles；　a
  little　dazed。
  〃Socialism　or　Smash。　Socialism　if　the　race　has　at　last　evolved
  the　faculty　of　coordinating　the　functions　of　a　society　too
  crowded　and　complex　to　be　worked　any　longer　on　the　old　haphazard
  private…property　system。　Unless　we　reorganize　our　society
  socialisticallyhumanly　a　most　arduous　and　magnificent
  enterprise；　economically　a　most　simple　and　sound　oneFree　Trade
  by　itself　will　ruin　England；　and　I　will　tell　you　exactly　how。
  When　my　father　made　his　fortune　we　had　the　start　of　all　other
  nations　in　the　organization　of　our　industry　and　in　our　access　to
  iron　and　coal。　Other　nations　bought　our　products　for　less　than
  they　must　have　spent　to　raise　them　at　home；　and　yet　for　so　much
  more　than　they　cost　us；　that　profits　rolled　in　Atlantic　waves
  upon　our　capitalists。　When　the　workers；　by　their　trades…unions；
  demanded　a　share　of　the　luck　in　the　form　of　advanced　wages；　it
  paid　better　to　give　them　the　little　they　dared　to　ask　than　to
  stop　gold…gathering　to　fight　and　crush　them。　But　now　our
  customers　have　set　up　in　their　own　countries　improved　copies　of
  our　industrial　organization；　and　have　discovered　places　where
  iron　and　coal　are　even　handier　than　they　are　by　this　time　in
  England。　They　produce　for　themselves；　or　buy　elsewhere；　what　they
  formerly　bought　from　us。　Our　profits　are　vanishing；　our　machinery
  is　standing　idle；　our　workmen　are　locked　out。　It　pays　now　to　stop
  the　mills　and　fight　and　crush　the　unions　when　the　men　strike；　no
  longer　for　an　advance；　but　against　a　reduction。　Now　that　these
  unions　are　beaten；　helpless；　and　drifting　to　bankruptcy　as　the
  proportion　of　unemployed　men　in　their　ranks　becomes　greater；　they
  are　being　petted　and　made　much　of　by　our　class；　an　infallible
  sign　that　they　are　making　no　further　progress　in　their　duty　of
  destroying　us。　The　small　capitalists　are　left　stranded　by　the
  ebb；　the　big　ones　will　follow　the　tide　across　the　water；　and
  rebuild　their　factories　where　steam　power；　water　power；　labor
  power；　and　transport　are　now　cheaper　than　in　England；　where　they
  used　to　be　cheapest。　The　workers　will　emigrate　in　pursuit　of　the
  factory；　but　they　will　multiply　faster　than　they　emigrate；　and　be
  told　that　their　own　exorbitant　demand　for　wages　is　driving
  capital　abroad；　and　must　continue　to　do　so　whilst　there　is　a
  Chinaman　or　a　Hindoo　unemployed　to　underbid　them。　As　the　British
  factories　are　shut　up；　they　will　be　replaced　by　villas；　the
  manufacturing　districts　will　become　fashionable　resorts　for
  capitalists　living　on　the　interest　of　foreign　investments；　the
  farms　and　sheep　runs　will　be　cleared　for　deer　forests。　All
  products　that　can　in　the　nature　of　things　be　manufactured
  elsewhere　than　where　they　are　consumed　will　be　imported　in
  payment　of　deer…forest　rents　from　foreign　sportsmen；　or　of
  dividends　due　to　shareholders　resident　in　England；　but　holding
  shares　in　companies　abroad；　and　these　imports　will　not　be　paid
  for　by　ex　ports；　because　rent　and　interest　are　not　paid　for　at
  alla　fact　which　the　Free　Traders　do　not　yet　see；　or　at　any　rate
  do　not　mention；　although　it　is　the　key　to　the　whole　mystery　of
  their　opponents。　The　cry　for　Protection　will　become　wild；　but　no
  one　will　dare　resort　to　a　demonstrably　absurd　measure　that　must
  raise　prices　before　it　raises　wages；　and　that　has　everywhere
  failed　to　benefit　the　worker。　There　will　be　no　employment　for
  anyone　except　in　doing　things　that　must　be　done　on　the　spot；　such
  as　unpacking　and　distributing　the　imports；　ministering　to　the
  proprietors　as　domestic　servants；　or　by　acting；　preaching；
  paving；　lighting；　housebuilding；　and　the　rest；　and　some　of　these；
  as　the　capitalist　comes　to　regard　ostentation　as　vulgar；　and　to
  enjoy　a　simpler　life；　will　employ　fewer　and　fewer　people。　A　vast
  proletariat；　beginning　with　a　nucleus　of　those　formerly　employed
  in　export　trades；　with　their　multiplying　progeny；　will　be　out　of
  employment　permanently。　They　will　demand　access　to　the　land　and
  machinery　to　produce　for　themselves。　They　will　be　refused。　They
  will　break　a　few　windows　and　be　dispersed　with　a　warning　to　their
  leaders。　They　will　burn　a　few　houses　and　murder　a　policeman　or
  two；　and　then　an　example　will　be　made　of　the　warned。　They　will
  revolt；　and　be　shot　down　with
  machine…gunsemigratedexterminated　anyhow　and　everyhow；　for
  the　proprietary　classes　have　no　idea　of　any　other　means　of
  dealing　with　the　full　claims　of　labor。　You　yourself；　though　you
  would　give　fifty　pounds　to　Jansenius's　emigration　fund　readily
  enough；　would　call　for　the　police；　the　military；　and　the　Riot
  Act；　if　the　people　came　to　Brandon　Beeches　and　bade　you　turn　out
  and　work　for　your　living　with　the　rest。　Well；　the　superfluous
  proletariat　destroyed；　there　will　remain　a　population　of
  capitalists　living　on　gratuitous　imports　and　served　by　a
  disaffected　retinue。　One　day　the　gratuitous　imports　will　stop　in
  consequence　of　the　occurrence　abroad　of　revolution　and
  repudiation；　fall　in　the　rate　of　interest；　purchase　of　industries
  by　governments　for　lump　sums；　not　reinvestable；　or　what　not。　Our
  capitalist　community　is　then　thrown　on　the　remains　of　the　last
  dividend；　which　it　consumes　long　before　it　can　rehabilitate　its
  extinct　machinery　of　production　in　order　to　support　itself　with
  its　own　hands。　Horses；　dogs；　cats；　rats；　blackberries；　mushrooms；
  and　cannibalism　only　postpone〃
  〃Ha！　ha！　ha！〃　shouted　Sir　Charles。　〃On　my　honor；　I　thought　you
  were　serious　at　first；　Trefusis。　Come；　confess；　old　chap；　it's
  all　a　fad　of　yours。　I　half　suspected　you　of　being　a　bit　of　a
  crank。〃　And　he　winked　at　Erskine。
  〃What　I　have　described　to　you　is　the　inevitable　outcome　of　our
  present　Free　Trade　policy　without　Socialism。　The　theory　of　Free
  Trade　is　only　applicable　to　systems　of　exchange；　not　to　systems
  of　spoliation。　Our　system　is　one　of　spoliation；　and　if　we　don't
  abandon　it；　we　must　either　return　to　Protection　or　go　to　smash　by
  the　road　I　have　just　mapped。　Now；　sooner　than　let　the
  Protectionists　triumph；　the　Cobden　Club　itself　would　blow　the
  gaff　and　point　out　to　the　workers　that　Protection　only　means
  compelling　the　proprietors　of　England　to　employ　slaves　resident
  in　England　and　therefore　presumablythough　by　no　means
  necessarilyEnglishmen。　This　would　open　t