第 14 节
作者:
无边的寒冷 更新:2021-02-20 04:47 字数:9321
**** Central spines more than one; and none of them hooked。
+ Slender or sometimes stout cylindrical plants; branching atbase:
Lower Californian。
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North American Species of Cactus
brandegei (3); setispinus (24); halei (25)。
++ Depressed…globose to ovate and stout cylindrical。
++ Radials few (3 to 12) and rigid: Mexican。
Radials 3: centrals 3。 alternatus (1)
Radials 7 or 8: tubercles 40 to 50 mm。 long。 longimamma (36)。
Radials 10 to 12: tubercles 12 to 15 mm。 long。 gummiferus (8)。++++
Radials numerous (16 to 60); capillary or bristle…like。
Radials 15 to 30; slender but rigid (bristly)。 acanthophlegmus(2);
densispinus (4); bispinus (14);rhodanthus (26); sulphureospinus (27);
palmeri (29); pringlei (32)。
Radials 30 to 60 or more; mostly capillary。 tetrancistrus* (22);
capillaris (28); texanus* (31); spaerotrichus (33)。
***** Central spines more than one and but one of them hooked。
Radials 10 to 15。 goodrichii* (16); setispinus (24)。
Radials 15 to 30。 pondii (17); grahami* (19); bocasanus (20)。
Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus (22)。
****** Central spines more than one; and more then one of
themhooked。
Radials 8 to 12。 wrightii* (15)。
Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus (22)。
II。 Tubercles with a more or less prominent groove。
* Central spines none。
+ Radials whitish and rigid; oppressed (pectinate) and interwoven
with adjacent clusters。
Depressed…globose and simple。 compactus (44)。
Globose and simple。 radians* (45); corniferus (47)。
Cespitose。 pectenoides (46); sulcatus* (49)。
++ Radials more slender and spreading。
Radials 10 to 17。 missouriensis* (37); similis* (38); macromeris* (64)。
Radials 30 to 50; capillary。 dasyacanthus* (51)。
** Central spine solitary; not hooked。
+ Central spine porrect。
Radials 6 to 17。 missouriensis* (37); robustior* (39); scheerii* (40)。
Radials 30 to 50; white and capillary。 dasyacanthus* (51)。
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North American Species of Cactus
++ Central spine curved downwards。
Radials 8 to 12。 sulcatus* (49)。
Radials 12 to 26。 robustispinus (41); recurvatus (42); corniferus (47);
scolymoides* (48)。
+++ Central spine erect: Mexican。
Radials 7 or 8: central 50 mm。 long。 salm…dyckianus (43)。
Radials 10 or 11: central 25 to 35 mm。 long。 maculatus (52)。
Radials 13 to 16。 compactus (44)。
*** Central spine solitary and hooked。
brunneus (53)。
**** Central spines more than one and none of them hooked。
Centrals 2: radials 6 to 20。 scheerii* (40); robustispinus (41);
recurvatus (42); scolymoides* (48)。
Centrals 3: radials 6 to 40。 scheerii* (40); scolymoides* (48); echinus*
(50); conoideus (54); neo…mexicanus* (59); arizonicus* (60)。
Centrals 4 or 5: radials 6 to 40。 scheerii* (40); scolymoides* (48);
echinus* (50); conoideus (54); tuberculosus* (56); viviparus* (57);
radiosus* (58); neo…mexicanus* (59)。 arizonicus* (60); macromeris* (64)。
Centrals 6 or 7: radials 12 to 40。 potsii* (55); tuberculosus*(56);
viviparus* (57); neo…mexicanus* (59); arizonicus* (60); chloranthus (62)。
Centrals 8 to 14: radials 12 to 40 or more。 potsii* (55); tuberculosus*
(56); viviparus* (57); neo…mexicanus* (59); deserti* (61); chloranthus*
(62); alversoni* (63)。
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
It is only possible to deal with the forms that occur within the borders
of the United States; as even individual stations of common Mexican
forms are little if at all known。These United States forms represent a
northern extension of an abundant Mexican display。The group
EUMAMILLARIA; containing twelve of the thirty…one forms defined as
occurring north of the Rio Grande; makes the feeblest extension northward;
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North American Species of Cactus
at no place being found far from the boundary; and all the twelve are
Mexican forms which extend but slightly into the United States。Only five
of the forms are found east of the Pecos: heyderi; the most widely
distributed EUMAMILLARIA; extending from the southeastern border of
Texas westward along the whole Mexican boundary except in California;
hemisphaericus; extending through southern Texas and southern New
Mexico; meiacanthus; also along the Mexican border of Texas and New
Mexico; texanus; a low ground form of the Rio Grande Valley; extending
from the mouth of the river to El Paso; and suggesting a connection with
the West Indian stellatus; and sphaericus; another low ground valley form
of similar range; but apparently only extending up the Rio Grande to the
region of Eagle Pass。
The Pecos forms the eastern boundary of five other
EUMAMILLARIA forms: micromeris; extending northward from
Coahuila and Chihuahua; apparently only in the mountains between the
Pecos and El Paso; wrightii; of similar narrow northward extension; but
ranging further northward on the high plains of the Upper Pecos in New
Mexico; denudatus; also with a narrow northward extension west of the
Pecos; lasiacanthus; extending from Chihuahua with a northern limit
between the Pecos and Arizona; and grahami; a Sonoran type which has
spread between the Pecos and southeastern California。
The ten preceding forms have evidently entered our borders from the
highlands of Sonora and Chihuahua; with the exception of the Rio Grande
Valley forms; texanus and sphaericus。Another species; tetrancistrus; is also
a Sonoran type which has reached the eastern slopes of the mountains of
southeastern California; and extended through western Arizona to southern
Nevada and southern Utah; the most extended northern range of any
EUMAMILLARIA。The twelfth form; goodrichii; is Lower Californian;
and extends into California only in San Diego County。A summarized
statement of the distribution of our twelve EUMAMILLARIA would be
that two of them have extended from the low grounds of Coahuila and
Chihuahua and spread along the valley of the Rio Grande; nine have come
from the high grounds of Chihuahua and Sonora; four of which have
extended eastward to the low levels of southeastern Texas; four have kept
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North American Species of Cactus
to the highlands west of the Pecos; and one has kept to the Colorado
Valley and its tributaries; while one has a short northern extension from
Lower California。
The nineteen forms of CORYPHANTHA are decidedly more northern
in their distribution; and are our characteristic representatives of the genus
Cactus。Ten of these; however; are but northern extensions of Mexican
forms; and six of the ten have simply that tongue…like northern extension
in the mountains between the Pecos and the Upper Rio Grande (above。 El
Paso); viz。: dasyacanthus; tuberculosus; scheerii (which has also spread
somewhat east of the Pecos); and the three pectinate and closely related
forms radians; echinus; and scolymoides。Of the four remaining Mexican
forms; macromeris is a low ground Rio Grande Valley form; extending
from above El Paso well towards the Lower Rio Grande; potsii just
crosses the border in the neighborhood of Laredo; and radiosus and neo…
mexicanus have by far the greatest northern extension; stretching from
Sonora and Chihuahua to southern Utah and central Colorado; and
eastward to the Guadalupe River of Texas。
The nine remaining coryphanths are distinctly forms of the United
States; occupying two well…marked regions; viz。: the northern plains; and
the desert region of western Arizona and adjacent California; Nevada; and