第 13 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
  1882。
  The     smaller    straw…colored     flowers    alone    suggest    the  propriety     of
  keeping this form specifically distinct; but even in size and color there is
  an    occasional      tendency     toward     the   specific    character。The     obliquely
  obovate   curved   seeds   resemble   those   of   C。   viviparus。The   plant   densely
  covered with stout ashy…gray interlocking spines is easily recognized。
  62。 Cactus radiosus chloranthus(Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria chloranthaEngelm。 Wheeler's Rep。 127 (1878)。
  Oval   to   cylindrical   (7。5   cm。   in   diameter;   sometimes   20   to   22。5   cm。
  high); with 20 to 25 gray radial spines almost in two series; 6 to 9 stouter
  reddish or brownish…tipped centrals (12 to 25 mm。 long); and yellowish or
  greenish…yellow        flowers    3。5   cm。   long   and    wide。Type:     Southern     Utah
  specimens of both Parry and Johnson occur in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。; but
  they are all referred to C。 radiosus arizonicus; and I can find no trace of
  any specimens of C。 radiosus chloranthus in the Engelmann collection。
  Southern Utah; east of St。 George (Parry; Johnson)。
  The   plant   is   evidently   near   C。   radiosus   deserti;   of   which   variety   it
  seems to be the Utah representative; but in the absence not only of the type;
  but even of authentic specimens; the two are kept separate; a thing fully
  justified by the description。
  63。 Cactus radiosus alversoni; var。 nov。
  Differs     from   var。   deserti   in  its  more    robust   and    branching     habit
  (becoming   12。5       cm。   tall   and   10   cm。   in   diameter);   shorter   and   thicker
  42
  … Page 43…
  North American Species of Cactus
  tubercles; more numerous (12 to 14 centrals) stouter and longer (12 to 22
  mm。)   spines;   all   of   which   are   black…tipped   (the   centrals   black   half   way
  down; shading into red); and pink flowers。Type; Alverson's specimens in
  Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 and in Herb。 Coulter。
  In the desert region of extreme southeastern California。
  Specimens examined: Southern California   (A。 H。 Alverson of   1892):
  also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  The   covering   of   stout   bushy   interlocking   spines   is   like   that   of   var。
  deserti;   but   the   black   and   reddish   coloration   gives   a   decidedly   different
  appearance。On   account   of   this   appearance   of   a   reddish…black   brush   the
  plant    has    been    popularly     called    〃foxtail    cactus。〃The      decidedly     pink
  flowers      were    sent   by   Mr。   S。   B。   Parish    from    specimens      growing     in
  cultivation in San Diego; and are not from the original collection of Mr。
  Alverson。
  64。 Cactus macromeris(Engelm。) Kuntze Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria   macromerisEngelm。   Wisliz。   Rep。   13   (1848)。   Mamillaria
  heteromorphaScheer   in   Salm。   Cact。   Hort。   Dyck。   128   (1850)。   Mamillaria
  dactylitheleLabouret; Monogr。 Cact。 146 (1858)。
  Ovate or cylindrical; 5 to 10 cm。 high; simple or branching from the
  base and at length cespitose: tubercles large; loose and spreading; from a
  dilated   base;   more   or   less   elongated   (12   to   30   mm。)   and   teretish   (often
  incurved); the groove absent in young plants and never reaching the axil:
  radial   spines   10   to   17;   slender   and   terete;   or   stouter   and   often   angled;
  spreading; 12 to 40 mm。 long; whitish (or more or less rose…colored when
  young);   straight   or   a   little   curved;   central   spines   4   (or   fewer   in   young
  plants or even wanting); spreading; 25 to 55 mm。 long; stouter; bulbous at
  base;    mostly     black    (the   lowest    the   longest    and   stoutest);    straight   or
  sometimes   curved   or   twisted:   flowers   6   to   7。5   cm。   long   and   of   same
  diameter; deep red to purple: fruit ovate…subglobose; green; 15 to 25 mm;
  long: seeds globose…obovate; yellow; and smooth。 1。2 to 1。6 mm。 long。 (Ill。
  Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 14   and 15)Type; Wislizenus   of 1846   in Herb。  Mo。
  Bot。 Gard。
  Mostly in loose sand; in the valley of the Rio Grande (on both sides of
  the river); from southern New Mexico to Eagle Pass; Texas; and doubtless
  43
  … Page 44…
  North American Species of Cactus
  further down。
  Specimens examined: New Mexico (Wislizenus of 1846; Wright 384;
  531; of 1852; G。 R。 Vasey of 1881): Texas (Wright of 1850; 1851; 1852;
  Bigelow      of  1852):    Chihuahua     (Evans    of   1891;   Budd    of  1891):    also
  growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  This    species   shows    an   interesting   transition   from   Coryphantha       to
  Echinocactus。The   woolly   groove   of   the   Coryphantha   extends   from   the
  spine…bearing areola to the axil of the tubercle; where it expands into the
  flower…bearing areola。In C。 macromeris the groove extends only about half
  way down the tubercle and gives origin to the flower…bearing areola on the
  side    of  the  tubercle;   while   in  Echinocactus      the  flower…bearing      areola
  becomes adjacent to the spine…bearing areola and the flower appears at the
  summit of the tubercle。
  ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE
  SPECIES。
  It seems impossible to make a simple artificial key that will serve as a
  useful guide to each individual species and variety。Our knowledge of so
  many of the species is imperfect; that no set of characters can be applied
  throughout。However;         as   no   plants   are  collected    in  such   fragmentary
  condition; it will be useful to construct a key based upon such characters
  as   are   always   likely   to   be   present;   even   if   specific   distinctions   are   not
  always     reached。In    many     cases;  species    are  so  closely   and   differently
  related    to  each   other   that  the  complete     descriptions    will   have   to  be
  consulted to determine the differences; and in such cases the artificial key
  can only indicate the  group。Even the full   descriptions are very  compact;
  all characters not necessary for discrimination having been eliminated。No
  attempt need be made to determine any species by means of the flowers
  alone。In   most   cases   more   or   less   of   the   plant   body   will   be   available;
  presenting     spine   and    tubercle   characters;    and   these   are   used   in  the
  following key。The distinction between Eumamillaria and Coryphantha; on
  the basis of grooveless and grooved tubercles should always be made out
  44
  … Page 45…
  North American Species of Cactus
  easily。It   may    be   useful   to  suggest    as   a  caution;   however;     that   often
  tubercles in drying develop folds which simulate grooves; and especially
  is this true in quadrangular tubercles。In such cases it is necessary to restore
  the original plumpness of the tubercle by boiling; before the presence or
  absence      of  the  groove     can   be  definitely    determined。The       species    and
  varieties    are  indicated    only   by   their  specific   or  varietal   names    in  the
  following      key;   and   the   numbers     refer   to  the   serial  numbers      of  the
  synoptical      presentation。Forms       occurring     within   the   United    States   are
  marked with an 〃*〃:
  I。 Tubercles never grooved。
  * Central spines none。
  Radials 5 to 9; stout。meiacanthus* (7)。
  Radials 20 to 40。micromeris* (12); greggii (13)。
  Radials 40 to 80。lasiacanthus* (10); denudatus* (11)。
  ** Central spine solitary and not hooked。
  + Central spine longer than the radials。
  Radials 7 or 8: tubercles very long (40 to 50 mm。)。longimamma (36)。
  Radials 15 to 20: tubercles 6 to 8 mm。 long。eschanzieri (21)。
  ++ Central spine shorter than the radials。
  Radials 5 to 9; stout。 meiacanthus* (7)。
  Radials   9   to   22。heyderi*   (5);   hemisphaericus*   (6);   gummiferus   (8);
  gabbii (34);sphaericus (35)。
  *** Central spine solitary and hooked。
  + Stems slender cylindric: Lower Californian。
  Centrals 1; 20 to 30 mm。 long。 roseanus (23)。
  Centrals 1 to 4; 20 to 50 mm。 long。 setispinus (24)。
  ++ Stems depressed…globose to ovate。
  Radials 4 to 6; rigid。 uncinatus (9)。
  Radials 8 to 12。 wrightii* (15)。
  Radials 15 to 30。 grahami* (19); eschanzieri (21)。
  Radials 50 to 60。 barbatus (18)。
  **** Central spines more than one; and none of them hooked。
  +   Slender   or   sometimes   stout   cylind