第 12 节
作者:
无边的寒冷 更新:2021-02-20 04:47 字数:9322
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North American Species of Cactus
scolymoides sulcatus; and M。 strobiliformis Engelm。 is C。 conoideus。
57。 Cactus viviparusNutt。 in Fraser's Cat。 (1813)。
Mamillaria viviparaHaw。 Syn。 Succ。 Suppl。 72 (1819)。
Low and depressed…globose; usually proliferous and cespitose
(forming large masses); but sometimes simple: tubercles terete and loose;
lightly grooved: radial spines 12 to 20; stiff and white; often dark…tipped; 6
to 8 mm。 long; central spines usually 4 (sometimes less; often more; even
as many as 8); brownish; 8 to 12 mm。 long; 3 spreading upwards; the
lowest stouter and shorter and deflexed: flowers about 3。5 cm。 long (large
for the size of the plant) and even broader when expanded; bright purple:
stigmas pointed with a short mucro: fruit oval; pale green; juicy; 12 to 18
mm。 long: seeds yellowish…brown; obliquely obovate and curved about the
small hilum; 1。4 to 1。6 mm。 long)。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 74。 fig。 3;
seeds)Type unknown。
On the northwestern plains; from the boundary provinces of British
America (western Manitoba; Assiniboia and Alberta); and throughout the
Upper Missouri region; southward through western Nebraska to western
Kansas and to the eastern foothills of central Colorado。It is also mentioned
by Howell (Cat。 of Oregon; Washington and Idaho plants); as occurring
beyond the Rocky Mountain divide in Idaho and Washington; which is
probable; but no specimens have been seen。
Specimens examined: Montana (Hayden; nos。 1854; 1855; Vernon
Bailey of 1890; near Bridger): Colorado (Hayden of 1869): Nebraska
(Rydberg 1379 of 1893; Thomas Co。): also specimens cultivated in St。
Louis in 1869; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
It seems best to keep this northwestern form specifically separate from
that large assemblage of southern forms that have been commonly referred
to it。The forms referred to this species from western Kansas (Smyth's
check list) have not been examined; and they may represent intermediate
forms; inclining to simple habit and ovate form; as in the Colorado
forms。The southern type (C。 radiosus) is distinguished from C。 viviparus
not only by its very different range; but also by its ovate to cylindrical
form; simple habit; more numerous (12 to 40) and longer (6 to 22 mm。)
radial spines; usually more numerous (3 to 14) central spines in which the
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North American Species of Cactus
upper are more robust than the lower; porrect lower central; obtuse stigmas;
and brown obovate straight seeds。
58。 Cactus radiosus (Engelm。)。
Mamillaria viviparaEngelm。 Pl。 Fendl。 49 (1849); not Haw。 (1819)。
Mamillaria radiosaEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh。 196 (1850)。 Mamillaria vivipara
radiosa texanaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 269 (1856)。
Ovate or cylindrical; 5 to 12。5 cm。 high and about 5 cm。 in diameter;
simple or sparingly proliferous: tubercles terete; more or less grooved
above; 8 to 12 mm。 long: radial spines 20 to 30; straight; slender; with with
dusky apex; very unequal; 6 to 8 mm long; central spines 4 or 5; stouter;
yellowish or tawny; 8 to 12 mm。 long; the upper ones the longer and more
robust; the lowest one shorter and porrect: flowers 3。5 to 5。5 cm。 long;
about the same diameter when fully open; violet to dark purple: stigmas 7
to 9; obtuse: fruit oval and green: seeds yellowish or brown; obovate;
pitted; fully 2 mm; long。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 74; fig。5; seeds)Type;
Lindheimer of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Extending across southern Texas; from the Guadalupe to El Paso。
thence into contiguous New Mexico and across the Rio Grande near
Juarez (northern Chihuahua)。Fl。 May…June。
Specimens examined: Texas (Lindheimer of 1846): New Mexico
(Bigelow of 1855): Chihuahua; near Juarez (Evans of 1891): also
specimens cultivated from the type in St。 Louis in 1846。
Attention has been called under C。 viviparus to the characters that
distinguish from C。 radiosusThe characters there given for the latter
species apply to to the whole group of included forms。 The type of the
species is the var。 Texana of Engelmann's Syn。 Cact。 and Mex。 Bound。;
which is characterized in the above。 description。
59。 Cactus radiosus neo…mexicanus(Engelm。)。
Mamillaria vivipara radiosa neo…mexicanaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。269
(1856)。
Generally lower (3。5 to 10 cm。) and subglobose to ovate or even sub…
cylindrical; branching at base or simple; with more numerous (12 to 40)
radial spines; more numerous (3 to 12) and purplish centrals; and smaller
seeds。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 74。 fig。 4; seeds)Type; presumably the
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North American Species of Cactus
Wright; Bigelow; and Schott specimens from western Texas; New Mexico;
and Sonora; all in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From southern Utah; central Colorado; and western Kansas; southward
through western Texas; New Mexico and Arizona into Chihuahua and
Sonora。
Specimens examined: Kansas (Carleton 530 of 1891; in Meade
County): Oklahoma (Carleton 233 of 1891): Colorado (Hall and Harbour
of 1862; Brandegee 645 of 1873; Hicks of 1890): Utah (Siler of 1870):
New Mexico (Wislizenus of 1846; Fendler 244; 271; of 1847: Wright 298;
Bigelow of 1853; G。 R。 Vasey of 1881): Texas (Wright of 1849; 1851;
1852; Bigelow of 1853): Arizona (Rothrock; with no number or date):
Sonora (Schott of 1855): Chihuahua (Evans of 1891; near Juarez)。
It is through this variety that C。 radiosus approaches most nearly to C。
viviparus; in the forms with few radials and centrals; but the specific
characters seem to hold。This is the Mamillaria vivipara of the Syn Fl。
Colorado (Porter and Coulter)。
60。 Cactus radiosus arizonicus(Engelm。)。
Mamillaria arizonicaEngelm Bot。 Calif。 i。 244 (1876)。
A robust globose or ovate simple form (7。5 to 10 cm。 in diameter);
with long (12 to 25 mm。) deeply…grooved tubercles; 15 to 20 long (10 to
30 mm。) rigid whitish radial spines; and 3 to 6 centrals deep brown
above。Type; the specimens of Cous; Palmer; Bischoff and Johnson; all in
Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Sandy and rocky soil from southern Utah through northern and
western Arizona to southern California。
Specimens examined: Arizona (Cous of 1865; Cous & Palmer of 1865
and 1872; Palmer of 1869; Bischoff of 1871; Miller of 1881; Rusby 617 of
1853; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Johnson of 1871; 1872; 1874; Parry of 1875;
1877): California (Parish of 1880): also specimens cultivated in Mo。 Bot。
Gard。 in 1881; and in Meehan's Gard。 in 1882。
61。 Cactus radiosus deserti(Engelm。)。
Mamillaria desertiEngelm。 Bot。 Calif。 ii。 449 (1880)。
Subglobose or oval (5 to 10 cm。 high) and simple; with deeply
grooved tubercles (slender and about 12 mm。 long); 25 to 30 rather long
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North American Species of Cactus
(10 to 16 mm。) grayish white radial spines (the larger with reddish tips); 3
or 4 shorter and stouter centrals with 5 or 6 intermediate ones above; small
(2。5 cm。 long) straw…colored flowers (becoming purplish…tipped); 5 or 6
stigmas; and obliquely obovate curved seeds。Type; Parish 433 in Herb。 Mo。
Bot。 Gard。
In the mountains bordering the deserts of southeastern California (San
Bernardino County) and extending to central Nevada (Reese River
Valley)。
Specimens examined: California (Parish 453 of 1880; also of 1882;
Bailey of 1890): Nevada; Lincoln County (Coville & Funston of 1891;
Death Valley Expedition): also specimens cultivated in Meehan's Gard。 in
1882。
The smaller straw…colored flowers alone s