第 11 节
作者:
无边的寒冷 更新:2021-02-20 04:47 字数:9322
cm。 long: fruit oval; elongated; about 2 cm。 long; green: seeds elongated…
obovate。 brown and smooth; about 1。8 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。
10)Type; the Wright and Bigelow specimens in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
On limestone hills; from the Pecos River; southwestern Texas; and
southern New Mexico; westward to the Rio Grande (from Presidio del
Norte northward)。Fl。 June。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1849; 1851; 1852; Bigelow of
1852; Engelmann; with no number or date; Evans of 1891)。
The characteristic appearance of the plant is given by the very stout
and straight central spine standing in each cluster perpendicular to the
plant body。The range of this species; between the Pecos and the upper Rio
Grande; suggests another separated group; such as is presented by C。
scolymoides sulcatus to the east; between the Brazos and Nueces。Very
frequently specimens of C。 echinus occur in which some of the tubercles
do not develop central spines; and then the spine characters resemble those
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North American Species of Cactus
of C。 radians。In C。 radians; also; an occasional porrect central spine is
found。These intergrading forms I have only seen in Mexican material。For
discussion of relationships see under C。 scolymoides。
** Flowers red。+ Central spine solitary or sometimes wanting。
51。 Cactus dasyacanthus(Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259
(1891)。
Mamillaria dasyacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 268 (1856)。
Subglobose; 3。5 to 6。5 cm。 high; simple: tubercles slender and terete;
spreading; lightly grooved even to the base; 8 to 10 mm; long: radial
spines 30 to 50; mostly in two series; straight and loosely spreading; the
exterior ones (25 to 35) capillary and white; 6 to 18 mm。 long; the interior
ones (7 to 13) stiffer (setaceous); longer and darker and black…tipped; the
central spine straight and porrect; 12 to 20 mm。 long; often wanting:
flowers small; red: fruit ovate; small (8 to 10 mm。 long?): seeds globose…
angled; almost black; pitted; 0。8 to 1。2 mm。 long(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。
12。 figs。 17…22)Type; Wright 110 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot Gard。
From Eagle Pass; Texas; westward to El Paso and southern New
Mexico; and southward into Chihuahua。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 110 of 1852): New Mexico
(Vasey of 1881; Mearns of 1892; in Big Hatchet Mountains) Chihuahua
(Pringle 251 of 1885; in part)。
Pringle 251 as distributed to Nat。 Herb。 is C。 tuberculosus。
52。 Cactus maculatus; sp。 nov。
Obovate…cylindrical; 6 by 8 cm。; somewhat cespitose: tubercles ovate;
terete; 10 mm。 long; grooved to the base; with naked axils: radial spines 10
or 11; straight and spreading; rigid; blackish (becoming ashy with age);
black…tipped; 12 mm。 long; central spine large; more or less spotted; erect;
25 to 35 mm。 long: flower 13 mm。 long; pinkish: fruit unknown。Type in
Herb。 Coulter。
San Luis Potosi。
Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
Somewhat resembles C。 tuberculosus in general appearance; but very
different in spine characters。
53。 Cactus brunneus; sp。 nov。
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North American Species of Cactus
Obovate…cylindrical; 3 by 6 cm。; simple: tubercles ovate; grooved to
the base; 5 to 6 mm。 long; with woolly axils: radial spines 11 to 15;
spreading; rather rigid and brownish (lighter with age); 8 to 10 mm。 long;
central spine much larger; 20 mm; long; hooked: flower and fruit
unknown。Type in Herb。 Coulter。
San Luis Potosi。
Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
++ Central spines 3 to 12。
54。 Cactus conoideus(DC。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
Mamillaria conoideaDC。 Rev。 Cact。 112 (1829)。 Mamillaria
strobiliformisEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 113 (1848); not Scheer (1850)。
Ovate…conical; 3。5 to 10 cm。 high; 4 to 7 cm。 in diameter below; with
densely woolly vertex; simple: tubercles conical; about 12 mm; long;
closely appressed…imbricate (〃giving the plant the appearance of a
pineapple or cone〃): radial spines 10 to 16; ashy to white; straight and
stout; 6 to 10 mm。 long; the upper longer (10 to 15 mm。); central spines 3
to 5; stouter; brownish…black; 10 to 16 mm。 long; the two or three smaller
ones erect…spreading; the single lower one more rigid; porrect or deflexed;
15 to 20 mm。 long: flowers 2 to 3 cm long and wide; deep purple: fruit
unknown。(Ill。 DC。 Mem。 Cact。 t。 2)Type unknown。
On rocks; Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to San Luis Potosi and southern
Mexico。
Specimens examined: Coahuila (Palmer 378 of 1882; Pringle 3117 of
1890): Nuevo Leon (Wislizenus of 1847): San Luis Potosi (Poselger of
1851; Eschanzier of 1891)。
55。 Cactus potsii(Scheer) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
Mamillaria potsiiScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 104 (1850)。
Cylindrical; 30 to 35 cm。 high; 2。5 to 3 cm。 in diameter; somewhat
branching: tubercles ovate; obtuse; very lightly sulcate; with somewhat
woolly axils: radial spines very numerous (entirely covering the whole
plant); slender and white; central spines 6 to 12; stouter from a broad base:
flowers large; green; or reddish: fruit red。Type unknown。
From the Rio Grande region; near Laredo; Texas; to Chihuahua。
Specimens examined: Texas (Poselger of 1851): Chihuahua
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North American Species of Cactus
(specimens from Coll。 Salm…Dyck。)。
56。 Cactus tuberculosus(Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261
(1891)。
Mamillaria strobiliformisScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 104 (1850);
not Muhlenpf。 (1848); nor Engelm。 (1848)。 Mamillaria tuberculosaEngelm。
Syn。 Cact。 268 (1856)。
Ovate to cylindrical; 5 to 15 cm。 high; 2。5 to 5 cm。 in diameter; simple
or branching at base: tubercles short…ovate from a broad base; 5 to 6 mm。
long; deeply grooved; crowded and imbricate; at length covering the older
parts as naked and gray corky protuberances: radial spines 20 to 30;
slender but stiff; white; radiant and interwoven with adjacent clusters; 4 to
8 mm。 long (uppermost rarely 10 to 12 mm。); central spines 5 to 9; stouter;
purplish above; the upper ones longer; erect; 10 to 14 mm。 long
(sometimes even 16 to 18 mm。); the lower one shorter (6 to 8 mm。); stout;
porrect or deflexed: flowers about 2。5 cm。 in diameter; pale purple: fruit
oval; elongated (sometimes almost cylindric); red; about 18 mm。 long:
seeds subglobose; brown and pitted; very small (0。8 to 1。2 mm。 long)。(Ill。
Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 12。 figs。 1…16)Type of Scheer's strobiliformis is
unknown; but the specimens of Prince Salm…Dyck in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
are marked 〃authentic〃 by Dr。 Engelmann。The Wright specimens in the
same Herb; represent the type of M tuberculosa Engelm。
From the mountains of extreme southwestern Texas (common west of
Devil's River); southward into Chihuahua and Coahuila。Fl。 May…June。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 18; 19; 20; 23; 24; 29; 30;31;32;
535; of 1849 and 1852; Bigelow of 1852; Engelmann; with no number or
date; Evans of 1891): Chihuahua (Pringle 250; 251 in part; and 258 of
1885): Coahuila (Palmer of 1880): also specimens from Coll。 Salm。 Dyck
in 1857; also growing in Mo Bot。 Gard。 1893 (specimens; sent by G。 G。
Briggs in 1892 from El Paso; Texas。
The identification of Engelmann's tuberculosa with Scheer's
strobiliformis was made by Dr。 Engelmann himself upon an examination
of Scheer's type。The use of the specific name tuberculosa is necessitated
by the law of homonyms; as strobiliformis had been used twice already
before it was taken up by Scheer。M。 strobiliformis Muhlenpf。 is C。
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North American Species of Ca