第 10 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
  specimens as well。Aside from the fact that the Mexican specimens are apt
  to be more robust; I can discover no difference whatever。 For discussion of
  relationships see under C。 scolymoides。
  46。 Cactus radians pectenoides; var。 nov。
  Differs in its cespitose habit; fewer (16 or 17) and stouter spines (8 to
  9   mm。   long);   and   its   larger   and   longer   (10   mm。)   less   deeply   grooved
  tubercles。Type in Herb。 Coulter。
  San Luis Potosi。
  Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
  47。 Cactus corniferus(DC。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria        corniferaDC。       Rev。     Cact。    111     (1829)。     Mamillaria
  impexicomaLem。           Hort。   Monov。     Cult。    5  (1839)。    Mamillaria      cornifera
  impexicomaSalm。 Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。20 (1850)。
  Globose;   7。5   cm。   in   diameter;   simple:   tubercles   oblong…ovate;   2   cm
  long; crowded; the younger axils woolly: radial spines 15 to 26; rigid and
  horny; curved or sometimes straight; reflexed; bulbous at base; yellowish
  (whiter with age) and with dark tips; very sharp; 10 to 12 mm; long; the
  central   one   much   stouter;   darker;   slightly   deflexed;   12   to   16   mm   long;
  sometimes wanting: flower unknown: fruit obovate; red; 2 cm long: seeds
  reddish; angular; smooth; 2 mm。 long。Type unknown。
  From San Luis Potosi to southern Mexico。
  Specimens examined: San   Luis Potosi   (Parry of   1879; Eschanzier of
  1891): also specimens cultivated   in   Mo。 Bot。  Gard。  in 1892;   growing   in
  same garden in 1893。Mamillaria impexicoma Lem。; afterwards reduced to
  a variety; was based upon fewer radial spines and no central。As the central
  is occasionally wanting in connection with the most numerous radials; and
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  present with the fewest; such a form would have to be separated solely on
  the   absence   of   the   central   spine;   and   even   in   the   original   description   of
  impexicoma   the   central   spine   is   only   said   to   be   〃sometimes   wanting。〃It
  has been impossible for me to separate the forms。 It should be said that the
  fruit and seed characters given above were taken front a specimen whose
  few radials and no centrals would undoubtedly refer it to impexicoma。As
  yet   we   are   ignorant   of   the   flower   of   C。   corniferus。   For   discussion   of
  relationships see under C。 scolymoides。
  ++ Central spines 1 to 4。
  48。 Cactus scolymoides (Scheidw。) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261
  (1891)。
  Mamillaria scolymoidesScheidw Allg。 Gart。 Zeit。 ix。 44 (1841)。
  Globose or ovate; 5 to 7。5 cm。 high。 subsimple: tubercles conical; 10 to
  16 mm。 long; the upper elongated; incurved and imbricate: radial spines 14
  to 20; straight or often recurved; white or horny; 10 to 20 mm。 long (the
  upper the longer); central spines 1 to 4; longer (18 to 32 mm。); more dusky;
  curved; the upper ones turned upwards and intermixed with the radials; the
  lower one stouter; longer; and curved downwards: flowers 5 cm。 long: fruit
  unknown。Type unknown。
  From   the   Pecos   River;   western   Texas;   westward   into   southern   New
  Mexico; and southward into Chihuahua and San Luis Potosi。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Hays of 1858): New Mexico (Bigelow of
  1853): Chihuahua (Wislizenus of 1846): also specimens cultivated in St。
  Louis in 1858。
  Specimens collected by Mrs。 Anna B Nickels   across the Rio   Grande
  from     Laredo;    Texas;    and   showing     neither    flower   nor   fruit;  seem    to
  intergrade between C。 scolymoides and C。 scolymoides sulcatus。The habit
  is that of the former; the tubercles are those of the latter; while the spines
  are somewhat different from either。The number of central spines in these
  specimens   is   very   hard   to   determine;   as   on   the   adult   tubercle   they   all
  assume      a  radial   position。The     usual   adult   arrangement      is  an  apparent
  absence   of   central   spines;   10   to   12   rigid;   spreading   and   more   or   less
  recurved radials (increasing in length from the lowest); which are mostly
  white or the upper more or less dusky; and above; just behind the radial
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  row;   2   or   3   stout   recurved…ascending   spines;   which   are   white   with   tips
  more   or   less   reddish…black;   one   of   the   spines   usually   much   stouter   and
  longer   than   the   others。This   form   may   represent   a  distinct   species;   but   it
  seems very unsafe to add species to the C。 scolymoides group without the
  fullest information。
  Prince   Salm…Dyck   refers   C。   scolymoides   to   〃M。   daimonoceras   Lem。
  Cact。 gen。 nov。; p。 5;〃 but no mention of such a name can be found in the
  work     referred    to。Labouret      refers  C。   corniferus     to  the  same     name    and
  reference。If      〃M。   daimonoceras〃        was    anything     more    than   a   garden    or
  herbarium name   used   by Lemaire   I   have been   unable   to find   it;  and   Dr。
  Engelmann's notes indicate that his search met with the same result。It is
  possible that the name was applied loosely to this assemblage of closely
  related forms that seem to cluster about C。 corniferus。
  A most perplexing question of relationship is presented by the forms
  that    have    been    called    pectinatus;     scolymoides;       sulcatus    (calcaratus);
  Echinus; and the Mexican forms radians; impexicomus; corniferus。It may
  be that they are all merely varieties of one strong polymorphic type; but
  our knowledge of corniferus is so incomplete; and material of other forms
  is so scanty; that I can not venture to make such an assertion。However; it
  seems      probable      that   radians;    pectinatus;      scolymoides;       sulcatus    and
  Echinus   all   have   green   fruit;   while   in   impexicomus   and   corniferus   it   is
  red。It    has   also   seemed     proper    to   merge     radians    and   pectinatus;     also
  impexicomus   and   corniferus;   and   to   refer   sulcatus   to   scolymoides   as   a
  variety。These seven forms are thus reduced at least to four species。
  49。 Cactus scolymoides sulcatus (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria   sulcataEngelm。  Pl。   Lindh。   246   (1845);   not   Pfeiff。   (1848)。
  Mamillaria   strobiliformisMuhlenpf。 Allg。   Gart。   Zeit。   xvi。   19   (1848);   not
  Scheer (1850)。 Mamillaria calcarataEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh。 195 (1850)。 Cactus
  calcaratusKuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259 (1891)。
  Differs in its smaller size; proliferous and much more cespitose habit;
  the   dilated   base   of   the   more   spreading   tubercles;   fewer   (8   to   12)   radial
  spines;     usually    a  single   central    spine    (wanting     in  young     plants)   and
  somewhat larger flowers。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 74。 fig。 1; seeds)Type;
  Lindheimer of 1844 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
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  Texas; from the Brazos to the Nueces。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Lindheimer of 1844; Fendler 34; Wright
  of 1850; 1854; 1857): also specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1845; 1848;
  1853; 1859。
  This seems to represent the northeastern extension of the species; and
  doubtless      it  will  be   found     merging     into   it  south   and    west   of   the
  Nueces。Curiously         enough    one    of  the  prominent      distinctions    originally
  given was the single central spine; while in the type specimen there occur
  tubercles with more than one central。
  50。 Cactus echinus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria echinusEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 267 (1856)。
  Globose   or   subconical;   3。5   to   6。5   cm。   in   diameter;   simple:   tubercles
  terete; conical; grooved above; 10 to 12 mm。 long: radial spines 16 to 30;
  pectinate;   straight   or   little   curved;   rigid   and   appressed   (interwoven   with
  neighboring clusters); ashy…white (often dusky at apex); 8 to 12 mm。 long;
  the uppermost longer (12 to 20 mm。); central spines 3 or 4; the upper ones
  turned upward and intermixed with the radials; the lower one very stout;
  15   mm。   long;   subulate   from   a   very   thick   bulbous   base;   straight   (rarely
  slightly curved) and porrect (deciduous in old specimens): flowers 3 to 5
  cm。 long: fruit oval; elongated; about 2 cm。 long; green: seeds elongated…
  obovate。 brown and smooth; about 1。8 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。
  10)Type; the Wrigh