第 6 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
  20;   with   dusky   tips;   the   lateral   10   to   12   mm。   long;   the   lower   weaker;
  shorter    and    curved;    the  upper    shorter;   solitary   central   spine    reddish;
  slender; somewhat twisted; usually hooked upwards; 15 to 25 mm。 long:
  flowers red (?): fruit reddish (?); ovate; about 10 mm; long: seeds reddish;
  oblique…obovate; 1。2 mm。 long; pitted; with subventral hilum。Type in Herb。
  Coulter。
  San Luis Potosi。
  Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891)。
  Resembles   C。   grahami;   but   with   fewer   and   more   slender   pubescent
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  spines; longer and less rigid central; more exserted fruit; and much larger
  reddish and strongly pitted seeds with subventral hilum。
  22。 Cactus tetrancistrus (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria   tetrancistraEngelm。 Am。   Jour。   Sci。   II。   xiv。   337   (1852);   in
  part。Mamillaria        phellospermaEngelm。           Syn。    Cact。    262    (1856)。Cactus
  pellospermusKuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
  Ovate or ovate…cylindrical; 5 to 25 cm。 high; 3。5 to 7。5 cm。 in diameter;
  simple or rarely branching at base: tubercles ovate…cylindrical; 8 to 14 mm。
  long; with axillary bristle…bearing wool; at length naked: radial spines 30
  to 60; in two series; the exterior bristle…like; shorter and white; the interior
  stouter; longer and dusky…tipped or purplish; central spines 3 or 4; stouter;
  longer; brown or blackish from a paler base; the upper 2 or 3 (10 to 14 mm。
  long)   straight;   or   one   or   two   or   even   all   hooked;   the   lower   stouter   and
  longer (12 to 18 mm。); hooked upwards: flowers about 2。5 cm。 long: fruit
  1 to 2。5 cm。 long: seeds large (1。2 to 1。5 mm。 in diameter); globose and
  wrinkled; partly immersed in a brown spongy or corky cup…shaped 3…lobed
  appendage。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 7)Type; Parry of 1850; but modified
  by Le Conte 14 and Bigelow of 1854; all in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Gravelly soil and sandy stream…banks; from the eastern slopes of the
  mountains       of   southern     California;     throughout      western     Arizona     and
  southern   Nevada   to   southern   Utah;   referred   also   to   〃N。   W。   Mexico〃   by
  Hemsley (Biol。 Centr。…Amer。)。
  Specimens   examined:   California   (Parry   of   1850;   Newberry   of   1858;
  Parish   of   1882): Arizona   (Le   Conte   14;   Bigelow   of   1854;   Dr。   Loew   of
  1875: also Palmer of 1870; but with no locality。
  In   the   original    description    this   species    was    confounded      with    C。
  grahami;   with   which   it   grows   and   which   it   much   resembles;   and   this;
  together   with   the   fact   that   4   central   hooked   spines   are   seldom   found;
  induced Dr。 Engelmann (Syn。 Cact。 262) to propose the more appropriate
  but   untenable   name   M。   phellosperma。The   resemblance   to   C。   grahami   is
  not so close as general appearance would indicate; as the more oblong or
  cylindrical     form;    longer    and   less   crowded     tubercles;    more    numerous
  spines; often more than one hooked central; large seeds; and   remarkable
  seed appendages serve well to distinguish it。
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  ++ Plants with fasciculate slender cylindrical stems (30 to 45cm。 high;
  and 2。5 to 6 cm。 in diameter): Lower Californian。
  23。 Cactus roseanus (Brandegee)。
  Mamillaria      longihamataEngelm。         Mss。Mamillaria        roseanaBrandegee;
  Zoe; ii。 19 (1891)。
  Fasciculately      branched     at   base;   the   stems    30    to  45    cm。   long
  (sometimes pendent from rocks and as much as 200 cm。 long) and 2。5 to 5
  cm。   in   diameter;   the   whole   plant   glaucous:   tubercles   elongated…conical;
  ascending;  10   to   12   mm。   long;   with   woolly  axils:   radial   spines   7   to   10;
  straight;   rigid   and   sharp;   9   to   15   mm。   long;   dark   reddish   when   young;
  becoming ashy; the upper ones the longer; the solitary central much longer
  (20 to 30 mm。); almost black below and with reddish tip; becoming ashy
  with   age;   usually  hooked   downwards:   flowers   numerous;   2。5   to   3。5   cm。
  long;    bright   scarlet:  fruit  obovate     to  globose;    scarlet;  6  to  9  mm。    in
  diameter; fleshy: seeds black and pitted。Type in Herb。 Calif。 Acad。
  Apparently      common      at  low    elevations    throughout     southern    Lower
  California; especially the eastern side。
  Specimens examined: Lower California (W。 M。 Gabb 17 of 1867; near
  Loreto; Brandegee of 1889; at San Gregorio; Palmer 139 of 1890; near La
  Paz; Palmer 880 of 1890; on Carmen Island; Brandegee 241 of 1890; at
  Rancho Colorado)。
  One of the most showy species of Lower California。The plant has the
  appearance   of   a   Coryphanth;   and   is   remarkable   for   its   tall   and   slender
  habit; its large central hooks; and its globose fruit。Since 1867 this species
  has been in Herb。 Engelmann; fully characterized as above under the very
  appropriate specific name longihamatus。
  24。 Cactus setispinus; sp。 nov。
  Mamillaria SetispinaEngelm。 Mss。
  Fasciculate and ascending; simple or branched at base; the stems about
  30 cm。 high and 3 to 6 cm。 in diameter; densely covered with remarkably
  long stout spines: tubercles short and broadly conical; with axillary wool:
  spines   white。   with   black   tips;   radials   10   to   12;   widely   spreading;   very
  unequal; 10 to 34 mm。 long; slender and flexuous; central spines 1 to 4;
  more rigid and much longer (20 to 50 mm。); the upper ones straight; the
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  lowest   one   longest   and   hooked      (usually   upwards)   and   often     variously
  curved   and   twisted:   fruit   obovate   and   scarlet   30   mm。   long:   seeds;   black
  and pitted。Type; Gabb 15 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Rocky or gravelly soil; San Julio Canyon。 and in the vicinity of San
  Borgia; Lower California。
  Specimens examined:   Lower  California (W。  M。  Gabb 15   of  1867;  at
  San Borgia; Brandegee of 1889; from San Borgia and San Julio Canyon)。
  In his notes Mr。 Gabb describes the flower as 〃large; 3 to 3。5 inches
  long; bell…shaped; of a beautiful purplish red color;〃 concerning which Dr。
  Engelmann remarks 〃this would indicate a Coryphanth; but the tubercles
  show no trace of a groove; and; moreover; a withered remnant of a flower
  laterally attached (say 18 to 20 mm。 long); so that I have no doubt that Mr。
  Gabb's   statement   is   founded   on   some   error。〃It   is   very   probable   that   the
  flowers are scarlet and larger than Dr。 Engelmann suggests。The species is
  closely allied to C。 roseanus; but differs in its shorter tubercles and much
  longer   spines。About   a   dozen   stems   rise   in   a   clump;   about   a   foot   high;
  covering an area of 2 or 3 feet。These two species represent a very distinct
  Lower   Californian   group   of   cylindrical   and   hooked   Eumamillarias。Both
  probably have   showy  scarlet flowers   and   may attain   considerable length
  when growing upon rock ledges so as to become pendent。The specimens
  of C。 setispinus from San Julio Canyon are from younger parts and show
  but   a   single   long   and   hooked   central。The   San   Borgia   specimens   show
  mostly 3 or 4 centrals; the lowest one hooked and becoming remarkably
  long and often variously twisted and curved。However; I can discover no
  difference except such as may be due to age。
  ++ Central spines present and not hooked。+ Central spines more than
  one;    longer    than   the   radials;  whichare     numerous;      white    and   slender
  (capillary or bristle…like)(rigid in C。 Halei)。
  25。 Cactus halei (Brandegee)。
  Mamillaria      haleiBrandegee;      Proc。    Calif。  Acad。    Sci   Scr。  2。  ii。  161
  (1889)。
  Stems cylindrical; 8 to 10 in a clump; about 30 cm。 high and 5 to 7。5
  cm。 in diameter: tubercles short; with axillary wool: radial spines 10 to 22;
  rigid   and    erect…spreading;     unequal;    6  to  15   mm。    long;   central   spines
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  numerous   and   erect…spreading;   1   to   3   of   them  very   stout   and   prominent
  (25    to  35   mm。    long);   all  the   spines   straight;   at  first  reddish…brown;
  becoming yellowish and ashy;   more   or less dark…tippe