第 5 节
作者:
无边的寒冷 更新:2021-02-20 04:47 字数:9321
young axils containing 5 to 8 stiff bristles: radial spines 11 to 15 (the
uppermost one sometimes wanting); white and rigid; 5 to 7 mm。 long;
entangled with adjoining clusters; central spines 3 or 4 (often solitary in
young plants); brownish…black;the upper ones divergent and straight
(rarely showing a tendency to hook); the lower longer (9 to 10 mm。);
stouter and hooked (usually upwards): flowers 12 to 18 mm; long; the
petals yellowish…white with red midribs: fruit clavate and scarlet。 (Ill。 Cact。
Mex。 Bound。 t。 8。 figs。 9…14)Type: Scheer says that the plant was brought
from the Island of 〃Corros〃 (Cedros?) by Dr。 Goodrich; and 〃unfortunately
perished in the gardens;〃 which generally means that there is not a
fragment of the type in existence。
In dry ravines; from San Diego County; California; southward
throughout Lower California and the neighboring islands (including
Guadalupe Island)。〃Llavina。〃
Specimens examined: California (Parry of 1850; 1875; Agassiz of
1872; Parish 450 of 1882 at Vallecito): Lower California (Gabb 18 of 1867;
Brandegee of 1889 on Magdalena Island; and 240 of 1890 from San Jose
del Cabo): also specimens cultivated in Gard。 Salm…Dyck。
By a misprint in Cact。 Mex。 Bound; the specific name appeared as
〃Goodridgii;〃 and this error appears in almost every subsequent mention
of the species; even in Watson's Bibliographical Index; although in Syn。
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North American Species of Cactus
Cact。 and other references by Dr。 Engelmann the correct form appears。
17。 Cactus pondii (Greene)。
Mamillaria pondiiGreene; Pittonia; i; 268 (1889)。
Oval or cylindrical; from low to 30 cm。 high; simple or sparingly
branched: radial spines 20 to 30; white and slender; centrals 4 or 5; the
longest over 25 mm; long; rigid and strongly hooked; dark brown above
the middle: flowers nearly 5 cm。 long; bright; scarlet: fruit unknown。Type;
Pond specimens in Herb。 Greene。
Cedros Island; off the west coast of Lower California。Fl。 February。
Unfortunately; the type specimen has been mislaid; so that no
examination of it could be made。Evidently related to C。 goodrichii; but
differing in its much more robust habit; more numerous radials; much
longer spines; and larger scarlet flowers。
18。 Cactus barbatus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
Mamillaria barbataEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 22 (1848)。
Depressed…globose; about 4 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles 8 mm。
long; with naked axils: radial spines very numerous (50 to 60); in two
series; 6 to 8 mm。 long; the outer (about 40) slender but rigid and white;
the inner (10 to 15) a little stouter and yellow; usually one central spine;
stout and erect; hooked downwards; brownish: flowers 18 to 20 mm。 long;
rose…red: fruit oblong; 10 to 12 mm。 long; green (when mature?): seeds
minute; dark brown and lightly pitted。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound t。 6。 figs。 9…
12)Type; Wislizenus of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Central Chihuahua。Fl。 May; in cultivation。
Specimens examined: Chihuahua (Wislizenus of 1846; 1850): also
specimens cultivated in Baumann's Garden in 1857; 1858; also growing in
Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
Dr。 Engelmann observed a curious intermediate character in the origin
of the flowers of this species; the first ones of the season appearing in the
axils of the last tubercles of the preceding year; while the later ones
develop from the axils of the first tubercles of the same season。The
specimen growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard; in 1893 had 3 central spines; one or
two being hooked。
19。 Cactus grahami (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
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North American Species of Cactus
Mamillaria grahamiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。
Globose or at length ovate; 2。5 to 7。5 cm。 high; simple or branched
from the base and even cespitose: tubercles ovate; 6 mm。 long; dilated at
base (corky and persistent when old); with naked axils: radial spines 15 to
30 in a single series; white; often dusky…tipped; slender but rigid; naked or
puberulent; 6 to 12 mm。 long; the shorter ones uppermost; the longer ones
lateral; central spines 1 to 3; blackish from a paler base; the lower (often
the only) one stouter and longer (6 to 18 mm。); hooked upward; the one or
two upper ones (when present) shorter and slenderer; divergent: flowers 2
to 2。5 cm。 long; rose…colored: fruit 2 to 2。5 cm。 long: seeds 0。8 to 1 mm。
long; black and pitted。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 6。 figs。 1…8)Type; Wright
of 1852 and Bigelow of 1852 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
In rocky places; from the mountains of extreme southwestern Texas
(west of the Pecos) to southern Utah; southern California (common along
the Colorado); and Sonora。Fl。 June…August。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1852; Newberry of 1858; G。 R。
Vasey of 1881; Miller of 1881; Briggs of 1892): New Mexico (Evans of
1891): Arizona (Bigelow of 1852; Schott of 1858; Cous of 1865; Palmer
of 1869; 1870; Engelmann of 1880; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Parry of 1874):
Sonora (Schott of 1853): also specimens cultivated in the Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
in 1881。
In all references to the fruit of this species it is described as 〃oval and
green;〃 except in Ives Report; where Dr。 Engelmann describes its real
character as the ordinary fruit of Eumamillaria。The immature fruit is 〃oval
and green;〃 but with maturity it becomes clavate and scarlet。The Utah
specimens of Parry show an exceptional character in their 30 to 33
scabrous radial spines; but otherwise they are quite normal。M。 microcarpa
Engelm。; Emory's Rep。 156。 f。 3; should be dropped as a synonym of this
species; at least as to figure and description。 In all probability C。grahami is
one of the forms of the Mexican C。 schelhasii (Pfeiff。)。Except that in C。
grahami the radial spines are apt to be more numerous and longer; and the
centrals much darker; and in C。 schelhasii the 3 centrals seem to be always
present and sometimes all hooked; the descriptions suggest no
difference。In the absence of authentic specimens of the latter species;
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North American Species of Cactus
however; and with its fruit and seed entirely unknown; such a reference of
C。 grahami must be deferred。
20。 Cactus bocasanus (Poselger)。
Mamillaria bocasanaPoselger; Gart。 Zeit。 94 (1853)。
Depressed…globose; 2 to 3 cm。 high: tubercles 8 mm。 long; with long
axillary wool: radial spines 25 to 30; white and capillary; 10 to 25 mm。
long; central spines 2 to 4; slender and naked (or slightly puberulent); the
most central one hooked (usually upwards); 15 to 25 mm。 long; the upper
1 to 3 shorter and straight; all yellow with red tips; the hooked one often
brownish…red nearly to the base: flowers unknown: fruit green; about 4
mm。 long: seeds cinnamon…brown; oblique; broadly obovate; with
narrowly ovate basal hilum。Type unknown。
San Luis Potosi; so far as known。Poselger says; 〃Texas; auf der Seira
de Bocas; among rocks;〃 which station we have been unable to locate。
Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi (Eschanzier of 1891): also
specimens cultivated in Hort。 Pfersdorff in 1869; in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 in
1891; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
The capillary radials give the plant a white…woolly appearance。The
younger spines at the vertex are erect and tufted。It resembles C。 grahami;
but the tubercles are much more slender and not thickened at base; all the
spines are more slender; the central hooked one is more reddish; and the
fruit is much shorter。
21。 Cactus eschanzieri; sp。 nov。
Depressed…globose; 3 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles broader at
base; 6 to 8 mm。 long; with naked axils: spines all pubescent; radials 15 to
20; with dusky tips; the lateral 10 to 12