第 5 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9321
  young   axils   containing   5   to   8   stiff   bristles:   radial   spines   11   to   15   (the
  uppermost   one   sometimes   wanting);   white   and   rigid;   5   to   7   mm。   long;
  entangled with adjoining clusters; central spines 3 or 4 (often solitary in
  young      plants);   brownish…black;the         upper    ones    divergent     and   straight
  (rarely   showing   a   tendency   to   hook);   the   lower   longer   (9   to   10   mm。);
  stouter   and   hooked   (usually   upwards):   flowers   12   to   18   mm;   long;   the
  petals yellowish…white with red midribs: fruit clavate and scarlet。 (Ill。 Cact。
  Mex。 Bound。 t。 8。 figs。 9…14)Type: Scheer says that the plant was brought
  from the Island of 〃Corros〃 (Cedros?) by Dr。 Goodrich; and 〃unfortunately
  perished      in  the  gardens;〃     which     generally    means     that   there   is  not  a
  fragment of the type in existence。
  In    dry   ravines;    from     San    Diego     County;     California;     southward
  throughout       Lower     California     and    the   neighboring      islands    (including
  Guadalupe Island)。〃Llavina。〃
  Specimens   examined:          California    (Parry   of   1850;    1875;    Agassiz    of
  1872; Parish 450 of 1882 at Vallecito): Lower California (Gabb 18 of 1867;
  Brandegee of 1889 on Magdalena Island; and 240 of 1890 from San Jose
  del Cabo): also specimens cultivated in Gard。 Salm…Dyck。
  By   a   misprint   in   Cact。   Mex。   Bound;   the   specific   name   appeared   as
  〃Goodridgii;〃 and this error appears in almost every subsequent mention
  of the species;  even in Watson's   Bibliographical   Index;  although in   Syn。
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  North American Species of Cactus
  Cact。 and other references by Dr。 Engelmann the correct form appears。
  17。 Cactus pondii (Greene)。
  Mamillaria pondiiGreene; Pittonia; i; 268 (1889)。
  Oval   or   cylindrical;   from   low   to   30   cm。   high;   simple   or   sparingly
  branched:   radial   spines   20 to   30;   white   and   slender;   centrals   4   or   5;  the
  longest over 25 mm; long; rigid and strongly hooked; dark brown above
  the middle: flowers nearly 5 cm。 long; bright; scarlet: fruit unknown。Type;
  Pond specimens in Herb。 Greene。
  Cedros Island; off the west coast of Lower California。Fl。 February。
  Unfortunately;       the   type   specimen      has   been    mislaid;    so   that   no
  examination   of   it   could   be   made。Evidently   related   to   C。   goodrichii;   but
  differing   in   its   much   more   robust   habit;   more   numerous   radials;   much
  longer spines; and larger scarlet flowers。
  18。 Cactus barbatus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
  Mamillaria barbataEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 22 (1848)。
  Depressed…globose; about 4 cm。 in diameter; simple: tubercles 8 mm。
  long;   with   naked   axils:   radial   spines   very   numerous   (50   to   60);   in   two
  series; 6 to 8 mm。 long; the outer (about 40) slender but rigid and white;
  the inner (10 to 15) a little stouter and yellow; usually one central spine;
  stout and erect; hooked downwards; brownish: flowers 18 to 20 mm。 long;
  rose…red:   fruit   oblong;   10   to   12   mm。   long;   green   (when   mature?):   seeds
  minute; dark brown and lightly pitted。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound t。 6。 figs。 9…
  12)Type; Wislizenus of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Central Chihuahua。Fl。 May; in cultivation。
  Specimens       examined:     Chihuahua      (Wislizenus      of  1846;   1850):    also
  specimens cultivated in Baumann's Garden in 1857; 1858; also growing in
  Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  Dr。 Engelmann observed a curious intermediate character in the origin
  of the flowers of this species; the first ones of the season appearing in the
  axils   of   the   last  tubercles   of  the   preceding    year;   while   the   later  ones
  develop      from   the   axils  of  the   first  tubercles   of   the  same    season。The
  specimen growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard; in 1893 had 3 central spines; one or
  two being hooked。
  19。 Cactus grahami (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
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  North American Species of Cactus
  Mamillaria grahamiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。
  Globose   or   at   length   ovate;   2。5   to   7。5   cm。   high;   simple   or   branched
  from the base and even cespitose: tubercles ovate; 6 mm。 long; dilated at
  base (corky and persistent when old); with naked axils: radial spines 15 to
  30 in a single series; white; often dusky…tipped; slender but rigid; naked or
  puberulent; 6 to 12 mm。 long; the shorter ones uppermost; the longer ones
  lateral; central spines 1 to 3; blackish from a paler base; the lower (often
  the only) one stouter and longer (6 to 18 mm。); hooked upward; the one or
  two upper ones (when present) shorter and slenderer; divergent: flowers 2
  to 2。5 cm。 long; rose…colored: fruit 2 to 2。5 cm。 long: seeds 0。8 to 1 mm。
  long; black and pitted。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 6。 figs。 1…8)Type; Wright
  of 1852 and Bigelow of 1852 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  In   rocky   places;   from   the   mountains   of   extreme   southwestern   Texas
  (west of the Pecos) to southern Utah; southern California (common along
  the Colorado); and Sonora。Fl。 June…August。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1852; Newberry of 1858; G。 R。
  Vasey of 1881; Miller of 1881; Briggs of 1892): New Mexico (Evans of
  1891): Arizona (Bigelow of 1852; Schott of 1858; Cous of 1865; Palmer
  of 1869; 1870; Engelmann of 1880; Pringle of 1884): Utah (Parry of 1874):
  Sonora (Schott of 1853): also specimens cultivated in the Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  in 1881。
  In all references to the fruit of this species it is described as 〃oval and
  green;〃   except   in   Ives   Report;   where   Dr。   Engelmann   describes   its   real
  character as the ordinary fruit of Eumamillaria。The immature fruit is 〃oval
  and   green;〃   but   with   maturity   it   becomes   clavate   and   scarlet。The   Utah
  specimens      of   Parry   show    an   exceptional    character    in  their  30   to  33
  scabrous radial spines; but otherwise they are quite normal。M。 microcarpa
  Engelm。; Emory's Rep。 156。 f。 3; should be dropped as a synonym of this
  species; at least as to figure and description。 In all probability C。grahami is
  one of the forms of the Mexican C。 schelhasii (Pfeiff。)。Except that in C。
  grahami the radial spines are apt to be more numerous and longer; and the
  centrals much darker; and in C。 schelhasii the 3 centrals seem to be always
  present     and     sometimes      all   hooked;     the    descriptions     suggest     no
  difference。In     the  absence     of  authentic   specimens      of  the  latter  species;
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  North American Species of Cactus
  however; and with its fruit and seed entirely unknown; such a reference of
  C。 grahami must be deferred。
  20。 Cactus bocasanus (Poselger)。
  Mamillaria bocasanaPoselger; Gart。 Zeit。 94 (1853)。
  Depressed…globose; 2 to 3 cm。 high: tubercles 8 mm。 long; with long
  axillary  wool:   radial   spines   25   to 30;  white  and   capillary;  10   to 25   mm。
  long; central spines 2 to 4; slender and naked (or slightly puberulent); the
  most central one hooked (usually upwards); 15 to 25 mm。 long; the upper
  1 to 3 shorter and straight; all yellow with red tips; the hooked one often
  brownish…red   nearly   to   the   base:   flowers   unknown:   fruit   green;   about   4
  mm。      long:    seeds    cinnamon…brown;         oblique;    broadly     obovate;     with
  narrowly ovate basal hilum。Type unknown。
  San Luis Potosi; so far as known。Poselger says; 〃Texas; auf der Seira
  de Bocas; among rocks;〃 which station we have been unable to locate。
  Specimens       examined:     San    Luis   Potosi   (Eschanzier      of  1891):    also
  specimens   cultivated   in   Hort。   Pfersdorff   in   1869;   in   Mo。   Bot。   Gard。   in
  1891; also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  The   capillary   radials   give   the   plant   a   white…woolly   appearance。The
  younger spines at the vertex are erect and tufted。It resembles C。 grahami;
  but the tubercles are much more slender and not thickened at base; all the
  spines are more slender; the central hooked one is more reddish; and the
  fruit is much shorter。
  21。 Cactus eschanzieri; sp。 nov。
  Depressed…globose;   3   cm。   in   diameter;   simple:   tubercles   broader   at
  base; 6 to 8 mm。 long; with naked axils: spines all pubescent; radials 15 to
  20;   with   dusky   tips;   the   lateral   10   to   12