第 4 节
作者:
无边的寒冷 更新:2021-02-20 04:47 字数:9322
* Central spines none: mostly simple globose plants; with very
numerous straight whitish setaceous radials。
10。 Cactus lasiacanthus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259
(1891)。
Mamillaria lasiacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 (1856)。
Globose or ovate globose; 2 to 2。5 cm。 high and 1 to 2 cm。 broad:
tubercles 4 mm。 long; about 2 mm。 in diameter; with naked axils: spines
40 to 60; in many series; very unequal; 2 to 4 mm; long; white and pilose;
the upper exterior usually longer than the rest; the innermost usually much
shorter: flowers 12 mm。 long; whitish or pinkish (petals with red median
band): fruit 1 to 2 cm。 long: seeds about 1 mm。 long; blackish and
conspicuously pitted。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 3)。Type; the specimens of
Wright in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From western Texas (〃west of time Pecos; on low limestone hills;
among herbage〃) to Arizona and Chihuahua。Fl。 April; May。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 121; also of 1852; Parry of 1852):
Arizona (Miller of 1881): Chihuahua (Pringle 213; 250;258): also
specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1852 and 1855。
11。 Cactus lasiacanthus denudatus (Engelm。)。
Mamillaria lasiacantha denudataEngelm。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 5 (1859)。
Larger; 2。5 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter; with longer tubercles (5 to 6 mm。);
and more numerous (50 to 80) longer (3 to 5 mum。) spines which are
naked or nearly so。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 4)Type; Wright specimen in
Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From western Texas (with the species) to Coahuila。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright of 1852): Coahuila (Palmer of
1880)。
In the Syn。 Cact。 Dr。 Engelmann merges this variety with the species;
and has been followed in this by subsequent writers; but the characters
seem so (distinctive that its varietal rank has been restored。
12。 Cactus micromeris (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
Mamillaria micromerisEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 260 (1856)。
With depressed top and very rarely branching; 1 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter:
tubercles very small (about 1 mm。 long) and wart…like; crowded; shedding
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North American Species of Cactus
the spines with age and giving the base of the plant a tuberculated
appearance: spines from white to ashy…gray; 1 to 3 mm。 long; in young
plants and on lower tubercles of adult plants about 20; equal and radiant;
on flower…bearing tubercles 30 to 40; stellate…porrect in every direction;
the 6 to 8 upper ones two to four times longer than the rest (4 to 8 mm。);
clavate toward the apex and acute (the clavate top at length deciduous);
intermixed with loose wool of about the same length and forming a small
tuft on the top of the plant which includes and partly hides flowers and
fruit: flowers whitish to light pink; almost central; very small (6 mm。 in
diameter); much reduced (3 to 5 sepals; 5 petals; 10 to 15 stamens; 3
stigmas): fruit 8 to 12 mm。 long: seeds 1。5 mm。 long; black and shining。
(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 1 and 2。 figs。 1…4)Type; the specimens of Wright
in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
On naked mountain tops and sides; extreme southwestern Texas (Val
Verde County to El Paso) and southward into Coahuila and Chihuahua。
Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 227 of 1849; also of 1852;
Nealley of 1892): Coahuila (Bigelow of 1853): Chihuahua (Pringle 212):
also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
The plants densely covered above with delicate ashy…gray spines and
with naked tuberculate base are readily recognized。It still remains an open
question whether the flowers are developed from the axils of tubercles of
the same season or the last ones of the preceding season。Dr。 Engelmann
inclined to the latter view; as all the other characters of the plant associate
it with the 〃lateral…flowered〃 species; and in the absence of definite
observation we have retained it there。If the nearly central flowers indicate
that they are produced from growth of the same season the species would
seem to be allied to Coryphantha; in which group its small flowers and
small tubercles would be anomalous。
13。 Cactus micromeris greggii (Engelm。)。
Mamillaria micromeris greggiiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 (1856)。
Larger (2。5 to 5 cm。 in diameter) and becoming oblong; with larger
globose…ovate tubercles (2 to 2。5 mm。 long); fewer rigid spines all radiant
(interior 5 to 7 shorter and stouter; 1 to 2 mm。 long; the outer 15 to 18; 3 to
4 mm。 long); and fruit 1。5 to 2 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 2。 figs。
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North American Species of Cactus
5…8)Type; Gregg 508 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Mountain ridges near Saltillo; Coahuila。Said by Budd to occur within
the southern borders of Pecos County; Tex。
Specimens examined: Coahuila (Gregg 508; Palmer of 1880)。
It is a question whether this variety does not merely represent an older
and better developed plant than those upon which the species is based。Mr。
Harry I。 Budd; who has made extensive collections of Texan and Mexican
Cacti for the market; reports that it is impossible to separate sharply the
variety from the species in the field; and regards the difference merely as
one of age。Unfortunately; only living material of the species could be
examined; but its characters seem well sustained even in the most vigorous
plants; some of which reach the size of the variety。Through this variety the
species is brought very near the following:
14。 Cactus bispinus。Mamillaria microtheleMuhlenpf。 Allg。 Gart。
Zeit。 p。 11 (1848); not Lem。 (1838)。
Differs from the last form (var。 greggii) chiefly in its cespitose habit;
much larger tubercles; and two unusually stout and short central spines
(fide Engelmann; who examined specimens in Coll。 Salm…Dyck)。
Credited to Mexico in general; but said by Budd to occur within the
southern border of Pecos County; Tex。
** Central spines present and one or more hooked。 +Mostly globose
and simple plants (occasionally somewhatcylindrical)。
15。 Cactus wrightii (Engelm。) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
Mamillaria wrightiiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。
Globose or depressed globose (top…shaped below); 3 to 7。5 cm。 in
diameter; simple: tubercles 10 to 12 mm。 long; with naked axils: radial
spines 8 to 12; white (the upper dusky…tipped); pubescent; 8 to 12 mm。
long central spines mostly 2 (usually side by side and divergent); rarely 1
or 3; scarcely longer; hooked and reddish…black: flowers 2。5 cm。 long;
bright purple: fruit about 2。5 cm。 long; somewhat subglobose; purple:
seeds 1。4 mm long; black and pitted。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。8。 figs。 1…
8)Type; Wright of 1851 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
High plains and rocky places; from the Upper Pecos; east of Santa Fe;
N。 Mex。; southward through extreme southwestern Texas (between the
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North American Species of Cactus
Pecos and El Paso); and into Chihuahua (near Lake Santa Maria)。
Specimens examined: New Mexico (Wright of 1851; Rusby of 1880):
also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
Dr。 Engelmann calls attention to the fact that this species is closely
allied to the Mexican C。 zephranthoides (Scheidw。); but in the absence of
material representing the latter species no comparison can be made。In
descriptions of the Mexican species the differently colored flowers and the
much longer spines suggest differences that an examination of fruit and
seed characters may still further emphasize。
16。 Cactus goodrichii (Scheer) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
Mamillaria goodrichiiScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 91 (1850)。
Globose or ovate; 5 to 7。5 cm。 high; subsimple: tubercles ovate; short
(3 to 5 mm。); somewhat corky and persistent; with dense wool in the
young axils containing 5 to 8 stiff bristles: radial spines 11 to 15 (the
uppermost one sometimes wa