第 4 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9322
  *   Central    spines   none:    mostly    simple    globose    plants;   with    very
  numerous straight whitish setaceous radials。
  10。 Cactus lasiacanthus (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259
  (1891)。
  Mamillaria lasiacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 (1856)。
  Globose   or   ovate   globose;   2   to   2。5   cm。   high   and   1   to   2   cm。   broad:
  tubercles 4 mm。 long; about 2 mm。 in diameter; with naked axils: spines
  40 to 60; in many series; very unequal; 2 to 4 mm; long; white and pilose;
  the upper exterior usually longer than the rest; the innermost usually much
  shorter: flowers 12 mm。 long; whitish or pinkish (petals with red median
  band):    fruit  1  to  2  cm。   long:   seeds   about    1  mm。    long;   blackish   and
  conspicuously pitted。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 3)。Type; the specimens of
  Wright in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  From   western   Texas   (〃west   of   time   Pecos;   on   low   limestone   hills;
  among herbage〃) to Arizona and Chihuahua。Fl。 April; May。
  Specimens examined: Texas (Wright 121; also of 1852; Parry of 1852):
  Arizona      (Miller    of  1881):    Chihuahua       (Pringle    213;   250;258):     also
  specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1852 and 1855。
  11。 Cactus lasiacanthus denudatus (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria lasiacantha denudataEngelm。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 5 (1859)。
  Larger; 2。5 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter; with longer tubercles (5 to 6 mm。);
  and   more   numerous   (50   to   80)   longer   (3   to   5   mum。)   spines   which   are
  naked or nearly so。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 4)Type; Wright specimen in
  Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  From western Texas (with the species) to Coahuila。
  Specimens   examined:   Texas   (Wright   of   1852):   Coahuila   (Palmer   of
  1880)。
  In the Syn。 Cact。 Dr。 Engelmann merges this variety with the species;
  and   has   been   followed   in   this   by   subsequent   writers;   but   the   characters
  seem so (distinctive that its varietal rank has been restored。
  12。 Cactus micromeris (Engelm。) Kuntze; Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria micromerisEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 260 (1856)。
  With depressed top and very rarely branching; 1 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter:
  tubercles very small (about 1 mm。 long) and wart…like; crowded; shedding
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  the    spines   with   age    and   giving    the  base   of   the  plant   a  tuberculated
  appearance:   spines   from   white   to   ashy…gray;   1   to   3   mm。   long;   in   young
  plants and on lower tubercles of adult plants about 20; equal and radiant;
  on   flower…bearing   tubercles   30   to   40;   stellate…porrect   in   every   direction;
  the 6 to 8 upper ones two to four times longer than the rest (4 to 8 mm。);
  clavate   toward the   apex   and   acute   (the   clavate   top   at length   deciduous);
  intermixed with loose wool of about the same length and forming a small
  tuft   on   the top of   the   plant   which includes   and partly  hides   flowers   and
  fruit: flowers whitish to light pink; almost central; very small (6 mm。 in
  diameter);   much   reduced   (3   to   5   sepals;   5   petals;   10   to   15   stamens;   3
  stigmas): fruit 8 to 12 mm。 long: seeds 1。5 mm。 long; black and shining。
  (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 1 and 2。 figs。 1…4)Type; the specimens of Wright
  in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  On naked mountain tops and sides; extreme southwestern Texas (Val
  Verde County to El Paso) and southward into Coahuila and Chihuahua。
  Specimens       examined:      Texas    (Wright     227   of   1849;    also  of   1852;
  Nealley of 1892): Coahuila (Bigelow of 1853): Chihuahua (Pringle 212):
  also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  The plants densely covered above with delicate ashy…gray spines and
  with naked tuberculate base are readily recognized。It still remains an open
  question whether the flowers are developed from the axils of tubercles of
  the same season or the last ones of the preceding season。Dr。 Engelmann
  inclined to the latter view; as all the other characters of the plant associate
  it   with   the  〃lateral…flowered〃       species;   and    in  the  absence     of  definite
  observation we have retained it there。If the nearly central flowers indicate
  that they are produced from growth of the same season the species would
  seem  to   be   allied   to   Coryphantha;   in   which   group   its   small   flowers   and
  small tubercles would be anomalous。
  13。 Cactus micromeris greggii (Engelm。)。
  Mamillaria micromeris greggiiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 (1856)。
  Larger   (2。5   to   5   cm。   in   diameter)   and   becoming   oblong;   with   larger
  globose…ovate tubercles (2 to 2。5 mm。 long); fewer rigid spines all radiant
  (interior 5 to 7 shorter and stouter; 1 to 2 mm。 long; the outer 15 to 18; 3 to
  4 mm。 long); and fruit 1。5 to 2 mm。 long。 (Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 2。 figs。
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  5…8)Type; Gregg 508 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  Mountain ridges near Saltillo; Coahuila。Said by Budd to occur within
  the southern borders of Pecos County; Tex。
  Specimens examined: Coahuila (Gregg 508; Palmer of 1880)。
  It is a question whether this variety does not merely represent an older
  and better developed plant than those upon which the species is based。Mr。
  Harry I。 Budd; who has made extensive collections of Texan and Mexican
  Cacti for the market; reports that it is impossible to separate sharply the
  variety from the species in the field; and regards the difference merely as
  one   of   age。Unfortunately;   only   living   material   of   the   species   could   be
  examined; but its characters seem well sustained even in the most vigorous
  plants; some of which reach the size of the variety。Through this variety the
  species is brought very near the following:
  14。 Cactus bispinus。Mamillaria microtheleMuhlenpf。 Allg。 Gart。
  Zeit。 p。 11 (1848); not Lem。 (1838)。
  Differs from the last form (var。 greggii) chiefly in its cespitose habit;
  much   larger   tubercles;   and   two   unusually   stout   and   short   central   spines
  (fide Engelmann; who examined specimens in Coll。 Salm…Dyck)。
  Credited to Mexico in general; but said by Budd to occur within the
  southern border of Pecos County; Tex。
  ** Central spines present and one or more hooked。 +Mostly globose
  and simple plants (occasionally somewhatcylindrical)。
  15。 Cactus wrightii (Engelm。) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 (1891)。
  Mamillaria wrightiiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 262 (1856)。
  Globose   or   depressed   globose   (top…shaped   below);   3   to   7。5   cm。   in
  diameter;   simple:   tubercles   10   to   12   mm。   long;   with   naked   axils:   radial
  spines   8   to   12;   white   (the   upper   dusky…tipped);   pubescent;   8   to   12   mm。
  long central spines mostly 2 (usually side by side and divergent); rarely 1
  or   3;   scarcely   longer;   hooked   and   reddish…black:   flowers   2。5   cm。   long;
  bright   purple:   fruit   about   2。5   cm。   long;   somewhat   subglobose;   purple:
  seeds 1。4 mm long; black and pitted。(Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。8。 figs。 1…
  8)Type; Wright of 1851 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
  High plains and rocky places; from the Upper Pecos; east of Santa Fe;
  N。   Mex。;   southward   through   extreme   southwestern   Texas   (between   the
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  North American Species of Cactus
  Pecos and El Paso); and into Chihuahua (near Lake Santa Maria)。
  Specimens examined: New Mexico (Wright of 1851; Rusby of 1880):
  also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
  Dr。   Engelmann   calls   attention   to   the   fact   that   this   species   is   closely
  allied to the Mexican C。 zephranthoides (Scheidw。); but in the absence of
  material   representing   the   latter   species   no   comparison   can   be   made。In
  descriptions of the Mexican species the differently colored flowers and the
  much   longer   spines   suggest   differences   that   an   examination   of   fruit   and
  seed characters may still further emphasize。
  16。 Cactus goodrichii (Scheer) Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 (1891)。
  Mamillaria goodrichiiScheer in Salm Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 91 (1850)。
  Globose or ovate; 5 to 7。5 cm。 high; subsimple: tubercles ovate; short
  (3   to   5   mm。);   somewhat   corky   and   persistent;   with   dense   wool   in   the
  young   axils   containing   5   to   8   stiff   bristles:   radial   spines   11   to   15   (the
  uppermost   one   sometimes   wa