第 12 节
作者:老山文学      更新:2021-02-20 04:46      字数:9322
  designer at   every angle。  Such   renewed consciousness   does not   make   for
  greatness。      Greatness in design has more peace than is found in the gentle
  abruptness       of  Japanese      lines;   in  their   curious    brevity。     It   is  scarcely
  necessary   to   say   that   a   line;   in   all   other   schools   of   art;   is   long   or   short
  according   to   its   place   and   purpose;   but   only   the   Japanese   designer   so
  contrives   his   patterns   that   the   line   is   always   short;   and   many   repeating
  designs      are  entirely    composed       of  this   various    and   variously…occurring
  brevity; this prankish avoidance of the goal。 Moreover; the Japanese evade
  symmetry; in the unit of their repeating patterns; by another simple device
  … that of numbers。 They make a small difference in the number of curves
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  and of lines。 A great difference would not make the same effect of variety;
  it would look too much like a contrast。                  For example; three rods on one
  side   and   six   on   another   would   be   something   else   than   a   mere   variation;
  and   variety  would   be   lost   by  the   use   of   them。      The   Japanese   decorator
  will vary three in this place by two in that; and a sense of the defeat of
  symmetry is immediately produced。                  With more violent means the idea of
  symmetry would have been neither suggested nor refuted。
  Leaving       mere    repeating     patterns    and    diaper    designs;     you   find;   in
  Japanese   compositions;   complete   designs   in   which   there   is   no   point   of
  symmetry。        It   is   a   balance   of   suspension   and   of   antithesis。   There   is   no
  sense of lack of equilibrium; because place is; most subtly; made to have
  the effect of giving or of subtracting value。 A small thing is arranged to
  reply to a large one; for the small thing is placed at the precise distance
  that   makes   it   a   (Japanese)   equivalent。         In   Italy   (and   perhaps   in    other
  countries)   the   scales   commonly   in   use   are   furnished   with   only   a   single
  weight   that   increases   or   diminishes   in   value   according   as   you   slide   it
  nearer   or   farther   upon   a   horizontal   arm。        It   is   equivalent   to   so   many
  ounces   when   it   is   close   to   the   upright;   and   to   so   many   pounds   when   it
  hangs   from   the   farther   end   of   the   horizontal   rod。      Distance   plays   some
  such   part   with   the   twig   or   the   bird   in   the   upper   corner   of   a   Japanese
  composition。         Its   place   is   its   significance   and   its   value。   Such   an   art   of
  position   implies   a   great   art   of   intervals。     The   Japanese   chooses   a   few
  things   and   leaves   the   space   between   them   free;   as   free   as   the   pauses   or
  silences in music。         But as time; not silence; is the subject; or material; of
  contrast   in   musical   pauses;   so   it   is   the   measurement   of   space   …   that   is;
  collocation … that makes the value of empty intervals。                    The space between
  this form and that; in a Japanese composition; is valuable because it is just
  so wide and no more。            And this; again; is only another way of saying that
  position is the principle of this apparently wilful art。
  Moreover;   the   alien   art   of   Japan;   in   its   pictorial   form;   has   helped   to
  justify   the   more   stenographic   school   of   etching。          Greatly   transcending
  Japanese   expression;   the   modern   etcher   has   undoubtedly  accepted   moral
  support      from    the   islands    of   the  Japanese。       He    too   etches    a   kind   of
  shorthand;        even    though      his   notes     appeal     much      to   the   spectator's
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  knowledge;       while    the   Oriental   shorthand      appeals    to  nothing    but   the
  spectator's simple vision。         Thus the two artists work in ways dissimilar。
  Nevertheless;   the   French   etcher   would   never   have   written   his   signs   so
  freely had not the Japanese so freely drawn his own。                   Furthermore still;
  the transitory and destructible material of Japanese art has done as much
  as   the   multiplication   of   newspapers;   and   the   discovery   of   processes;   to
  reconcile the European designer … the black and white artist … to working
  for the day; the day of publication。           Japan lives much of its daily life by
  means of paper; painted; so does Europe by means of paper; printed。                     But
  as   we;   unlike   those   Orientals;   are   a   destructive   people;   paper   with   us
  means   short   life;   quick   abolition;   transformation;   re…appearance;   a   very
  circulation of life。      This is our present way of surviving ourselves … the
  new   version   of   that   feat   of   life。 Time   was   when   to   survive   yourself
  meant to secure; for a time indefinitely longer than the life of man; such
  dull form as you had given to your work; to intrude upon posterity。                       To
  survive yourself; to…day; is to let your work go into daily oblivion。
  Now;   though   the   Japanese   are   not   a   destructive   people;   their   paper
  does not   last   for ever;   and that   material   has   clearly  suggested   to them  a
  different   condition   of   ornament   from   that   with   which   they   adorned   old
  lacquer; fine ivory; or other perdurable things。            For the transitory material
  they keep the more purely pictorial art of landscape。                 What of Japanese
  landscape?       Assuredly it is too far reduced to a monotonous convention
  to merit the serious study of races that have produced Cotman and Corot。
  Japanese landscape… drawing reduces things seen to such fewness as must
  have made the art insuperably tedious to any people less fresh…spirited and
  more     inclined    to  take   themselves      seriously    than   these   Orientals。     A
  preoccupied   people   would   never   endure   it。       But   a   little   closer   attention
  from the Occidental student might find for their evasive attitude towards
  landscape … it is an attitude almost traitorously evasive … a more significant
  reason。     It is that the distances; the greatness; the winds and the waves of
  the world; coloured plains; and the flight of a sky; are all certainly alien to
  the perceptions of a people intent upon little deformities。                 Does it seem
  harsh to define by that phrase the curious Japanese search for accidents?
  Upon   such   search   these   people   are   avowedly   intent;   even   though   they
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  show themselves capable of exquisite appreciation of the form of a normal
  bird   and   of   the   habit   of   growth   of   a   normal   flower。     They   are   not   in
  search   of   the   perpetual   slight   novelty   which   was Aristotle's   ideal   of   the
  language   poetic   (〃a   little   wildly;   or   with   the   flower   of   the   mind;〃   says
  Emerson of the way of a poet's speech) … and such novelty it is; like the
  frequent pulse of the pinion; that keeps verse upon the wing; no; what the
  Japanese are intent upon is perpetual slight disorder。                  In Japan the man in
  the fields has eyes less for the sky and the crescent moon than for some
  stone   in   the   path;   of   which   the   asymmetry   strikes   his   curious   sense   of
  pleasure   in   fortunate   accident   of   form。        For   love   of   a   little   grotesque
  strangeness he will load himself with the   stone and carry it home to   his
  garden。      The art of such a people is not liberal art; not the art of peace;
  and not the art of humanity。             Look at the curls and curves whereby this
  people     conventionally   signify   wave          or  cloud。    All   these   curls   have    an
  attitude which is like that of a figure slightly malformed; and not like that
  of a human body that is perfect; dominant; and if bent; bent at no lowly or
  niggling labour。 Why these curves should be so charming it would be hard
  to say; they have an exquisite prankishness of variety; the place where the
  upward   or   downward   scrolls   curl   off   from   the   main   wave   is   delicately
  unexpected        every    time;    and    …  especially      in  gold    embroideries       …   is
  sensitively   fit   for   the   material;   catc