第 491 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:33      字数:8846
  These in the eyes of Tao
  Are called 〃the dregs and tumors of Virtue;〃
  Which are things of disgust。
  Therefore the man of Tao spurns them。
  25
  Before the Heaven and Earth existed
  There was something nebulous:
  Silent; isolated;
  Standing alone; changing not;
  Eternally revolving without fail;
  Worthy to be the Mother of All Things。
  I do not know its name
  And address it as Tao。
  If forced to give it a name; I shall call it 〃Great。〃
  Being great implies reaching out in space;
  Reaching out in space implies far…reaching;
  Far…reaching implies reversion to the original point。
  Therefore:
  Tao is Great;
  The Heaven is great;
  The Earth is great;
  The King is also great。
  There are the Great Four in the universe;
  And the King is one of them。
  Man models himself after the Earth;
  The Earth models itself after Heaven;
  The Heaven models itself after Tao;
  Tao models itself after nature。
  26
  The Solid is the root of the light;
  The Quiescent is the master of the Hasty。
  Therefore the Sage travels all day
  Yet never leaves his provision…cart。
  In the midst of honor and glory;
  He lives leisurely; undisturbed。
  How can the ruler of a great country
  Make light of his body in the empire (by rushing about)?
  In light frivolity; the Center is lost;
  In hasty action; self…mastery is lost。
  27
  A good runner leaves no track。
  A good speech leaves no flaws for attack。
  A good reckoner makes use of no counters。
  A well…shut door makes use of no bolts;
  And yet cannot be opened。
  A well…tied knot makes use of no rope;
  And yet cannot be untied。
  Therefore the Sage is good at helping men;
  For that reason there is no rejected (useless) person。
  He is good at saving things;
  For that reason there is nothing rejected。
  … This is called stealing the Light。
  Therefore the good man is the Teacher of the bad。
  And the bad man is the lesson of the good。
  He who neither values his teacher
  Nor loves the lesson
  Is one gone far astray;
  Though he be learned。
  … Such is the subtle secret。
  28
  He who is aware of the Male
  But keeps to the Female
  Becomes the ravine of the world。
  Being the ravine of the world;
  He has the original character (teh) which is not
  cut up。
  And returns again to the (innocence of the) babe。
  He who is conscious of the white (bright)
  But keeps to the black (dark)
  Becomes the model for the world。
  Being the model for the world;
  He has the eternal power which never errs;
  And returns again to the Primordial Nothingness。
  He who is familiar with honor and glory
  But keeps to obscurity
  Becomes the valley of the world。
  Being the valley of the world;
  He has an eternal power which always suffices;
  And returns again to the natural integrity of uncarved
  wood。
  Break up this uncarved wood
  And it is shaped into vessel
  In the hands of the Sage
  They become the officials and magistrates。
  Therefore the great ruler does not cut up。
  29
  There are those who will conquer the world
  And make of it (what they conceive or desire)。
  I see that they will not succeed。
  (For) the world is God's own Vessel
  It cannot be made (by human interference)。
  He who makes it spoils it。
  He who holds it loses it。
  For:?Some things go forward;
  Some things follow behind;
  some blow hot;
  And some blow cold;
  Some are strong;
  And some are weak;
  Some may break;
  And some may fall。
  Hence the Sage eschews excess; eschews extravagance;
  Eschews pride。
  30
  He who by Tao purposes to help the ruler of men
  Will oppose all conquest by force of arms。
  燜or such things are wont to rebound。
  Where armies are; thorns and brambles grow。
  The raising of a great host
  Is followed by a year of dearth。
  Therefore a good general effects his purpose and stops。
  He dares not rely upon the strength of arms;
  Effects his purpose and does not glory in it;
  Effects his purpose and does not boast of it;
  Effects his purpose and does not take pride in it;
  Effects his purpose as a regrettable necessity;
  Effects his purpose but does not love violence。
  (For) things age after reaching their prime。
  That (violence) would be against the Tao。
  And he who is against the Tao perishes young。
  31
  Of all things; soldiers are instruments of evil;
  Hated by men。
  Therefore the religious man (possessed of Tao) avoids them。
  The gentleman favors the left in civilian life;
  But on military occasions favors the right。
  Soldiers are weapons of evil。
  They are not the weapons of the gentleman。
  When the use of soldiers cannot be helped;
  The best policy is calm restraint。
  Even in victory; there is no beauty;
  And who calls it beautiful
  Is one who delights in slaughter。
  He who delights in slaughter
  Will not succeed in his ambition to rule the world。
  'The things of good omen favor the left。
  The things of ill omen favor the right。
  The lieutenant…general stands on the left;
  The general stands on the right。
  That is to say; it is celebrated as a Funeral Rite。'
  The slaying of multitudes should be mourned with sorrow。
  A victory should be celebrated with the Funeral Rite。
  32
  Tao is absolute and has no name。
  Though the uncarved wood is small;
  It cannot be employed (used as vessel) by anyone。
  If kings and barons can keep (this unspoiled nature);
  The whole world shall yield them lordship of their own
  accord。
  The Heaven and Earth join;
  And the sweet rain falls;
  Beyond the command of men;
  Yet evenly upon all。
  Then human civilization arose and there were names。
  Since there were names;
  It were well one knew where to stop。
  He who knows where to stop
  May be exempt from danger。
  Tao in the world
  May be compared to rivers that run into the sea。
  33
  He who knows others is learned;
  He who knows himself is wide。
  He who conquers others has power of muscles;
  He who conquers himself is strong。
  He who is contented is rich。
  He who id determined has strength of will。
  He who does not lose his center endures。
  He who dies yet (his power) remains has long life。
  34
  The Great Tao flows everywhere;
  (Like a flood) it may go left or right。
  The myriad things derive their life from it;
  And it does not deny them。
  When its work is accomplished;
  It does not take possession。
  It clothes and feeds the myriad things;
  Yet does not claim them as its own。
  Often (regarded) without mind or passion;
  It may be considered small。
  Being the home of all things; yet claiming not;
  It may be considered great。
  Because to the end it does not claim greatness;
  Its greatness is achieved。
  35
  Hold the Great Symbol
  and all the world follows;
  Follows without meeting harm;
  (And lives in) health; peace; commonwealth。
  Offer good things to eat
  And the wayfarer stays。
  But Tao is mild to the taste。
  Looked at; it cannot be seen;
  Listened to; it cannot be heard;
  Applied; its supply never fails。
  36
  He who is to be made to dwindle (in power)
  Must first be caused to expand。
  He who is to be weakened
  Must first be made strong。
  He who is to be laid low
  Must first be exalted to power。
  He who is to be taken away from
  Must first be given;
  … This is the Subtle Light。
  Gentleness overcomes strength:
  Fish should be left in the deep pool;
  And sharp weapons of the state should be left
  Where none can see them。
  37
  The Tao never does;
  Yet through it everything is done。
  If princes and dukes can keep the Tao;
  the world will of its own accord be reformed。
  When reformed and rising to action;
  Let it be restrained by the Nameless pristine simplicity。
  The Nameless pristine simplicity
  Is stripped of desire (for contention)。
  By stripping of desire quiescence is achieved;
  And the world arrives at peace of its own accord。
  38
  The man of superior character is not (conscious of his) character。
  Hence he has character。
  The man of inferior character (is intent on) not losing character。
  Hence he is devoid of character。
  The man of superior character never acts;
  Nor ever (does so) with an ulterior motive。
  The man of inferior character acts;
  And (does so) with an ulterior motive。
  The man of superior kindness acts;
  But (does so) without an ulterior motive。
  The man of superior justice acts;
  And (does so) with an ulterior motive。
  (But when) the man of superior li acts and finds no response;
  He rolls up his sleeves to force it on others。
  燭herefore:
  After Tao is lost; then (arises the doctri