第 367 节
作者:
九米 更新:2021-02-19 21:31 字数:8809
And the ruled keep their simple ways。?br》
58
Under rule restrained but caring
Simple and wholesome stay the ruled;
But under rule that probes and prods
They connive and they contrive。
Good fortune stands beside ill fate;
Beneath good fortune ill fate hides。
Who can find the turning point?
For it there is no standard rule:
Rule reverses to exception;
Boon reverses to affliction;
For which men have lost direction
For a time of long duration。
This is why the wise who rule
Keep to the square but form no edge;
Gather gains but will not thrust;
Stay straight and true but cross no line;
And shed light but not to blind。
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For ruling men; for serving heaven;
Nothing surpasses having in store。
For it is having in store
That we call taking precaution。
And taking precaution we call
Bent on amassing one抯 powers
Means overcoming all obstacles。
Overcoming all obstacles
Means having no known turning point。
Having no known turning point
Gives dominion over the kingdom。
The mother…source of this dominion
Yields staying power ?br》 What is known as deep roots and strong base;
The Way of extended life and sustained reflection。
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Rule a great state as you cook a small fish。
Through the Way take a ruler抯 place in the world;
And the ghosts of the dead shall have no force。
Is it that they have no force?
Or that their force can do no harm?
That their force can do no harm?
Or that the wise lord does no harm?
Nor ghosts nor wise lords doing harm
To their joint virtue thus rebounds。
61
A mighty kingdom stays downstream;
Female of this world below;
Where all the courses intersect。
Dam holding still has ever conquered sire。
But to hold herself still
She must remain below。
By lying below a small kingdom
A great one takes it over。
By lying below a great kingdom
A small state is taken over。
A great kingdom seeks no more
Than to absorb and protect。
A small state no more than to enter its service。
Thus for both to fulfill their desire
Lower must the greater lie。
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A midden for the myriad;
The Way is sacred to men of merit
And a safeguard to all who do wrong。
Fine words may buy high station;
Fine deeds win men抯 acclaim;
But why turn from those who do wrong?
For when the son of heaven is enthroned;
And his three elder statesmen are installed;
Better to counsel them in the Way
Than ride an envoy抯 four…horse coach
Heralded by the jade disc of state。
Why did men of old honour the Way?
Has it not been said; 揟hrough the Way
Shall right be found; wrongdoers spared?
For this the world honours the Way。
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Do what is undone;
Serve the unserved;
Savour what lacks savour;
Make bigger smaller; more less;
Repay a wrong with friendly favour。
Forestall trouble when it抯 easy to。
Act on the major when it抯 still minor。
For this world抯 troubles start with simple things;
And major matters rise from little ones。
Thus the wise; not making much of them;
Can always see their great works through。
But 搇ightly granted rarely honoured?
And much too easy means much trouble。
Even the wisest looks for the trouble ahead;
And ends up with the trouble spared。
64
What抯 stable is easy to secure;
The unmanifest to plan against;
The fragile to splinter;
The incipient to dissolve。
Act before events occur:
Decision can prevent disorder。
A tree of girth
Grows from a twig。
A nine…tier tower
From a basket of earth;
And a thousand…mile journey
Begins where one stands。
Those who take the lead shall fail。
Those who cling lose hold。
This is why men of wisdom;
Taking no lead; do not fail;
Not clinging; do not lose hold。
How often do people; assuming a task;
Ruin it at the verge of success?
Hence the saying;
揅areful at the end as at the start;
And your task shall not abort。?br》 This is why the worldly wise
Seek what others do not seek;
揚rize not goods hard to find;?br》 Learn what others do not learn:
Redeem the wrongs many have done。
In this way support and sustain
The self…becoming of the myriad;
And do not presume to act upon them。
65
Those of old who pursued the Way
Never meant to make their people see;
Their purpose was to keep them unaware。
The people are harder to manage
For knowing things。
To have the learned govern the kingdom
Is a bane to the kingdom。
Not to have them
Is a boon to the kingdom。
Know always that this double dictum
Defines a guide to judgement;
Which when firmly fixed in mind
May be called sublime virtue。
Such virtue; deep and reaching far;
In counter…motion like all things;
Achieves congruence with the Way。
66
Why is it that the rivers and the ocean;
Like kings; can lead the many valley streams?
Knowing how to stay below; they
Draw to them the many higher streams。
For this reason wise and worldly rulers;
Wishing to remain above their people;
Need to stay below by what they say;
Or if they wish to go before their people;
They need to take their place behind。
Beneath such rule the people feel no threat。
All the world rejoices and supports them
And never tries to cast such rulers off。
Is it not because the will not strive
That no one in this world can strive with them?
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揂ll the world declares me great。?br》 Be great but do not seem to be。
For it is seeming not to be
That makes you great。
Otherwise; by seeming so;
You抎 long ago have ceased to matter。
We have always our triple treasure;
Which we rely upon and cherish:
A mother抯 heart; a frugal hand; and
No drive to boldly lead this world。?br》 A brave heart takes a mother抯 heart;
A giving hand a frugal hand;
And one who will not lead to serve
As sacred elder of this world。
Forsaking love for bravery;
Frugal hand for giving hand;
Staying back for leading forth
Mean entering the gates of death。
A mother抯 heart holds battle lines
And also makes defenses sure。
The man whom heaven means to keep
It protects with mother…heart。
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Warriors who excel do not parade;
Commanders who excel do not anger;
Victors who excel don抰 lightly engage;
Skilled managers of men are humble:
This defines the power of no…conflict;
The way to manage men抯 strength;
The union with heaven; the acme of old。
69
Those who wage war often say;
揥e prefer response to invitation;
The span withdrawn to the inch gained。?br》 This is formation that does not go forward;
Deflection with hand unraised;
The firm grip that holds no sword;
And the thrust that cannot be countered。
But 揾aving no foe?is the greatest threat。
It leads to the loss of our triple treasure。
Once battle in joined; who gives way wins。
70
What we say is easy to know
And easy to do;
But the world does not know its worth
And does not act upon it。
Though we speak with ancestral sanction
And serve on high authority;
Yet this remains unknown
And so we remain unknown。
And the less that we are known;
More precious our followers。
For this reason men of wisdom
Wear rough garb and the gem in the heart。
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To recognize ignorance comes first;
Not to know to know this will cause harm:
Harm that the wise are spared
Because they recognize it。
Only by recognizing the harm
Can one be spared。
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When people dread not the powers that be;
A greater dread is on the way。
Encroach not on their domain;
Do not burden down their lives。
Only of those who bear bearing
Will the people bear the burden。
This is why wise men who govern
Know themselves; show themselves not;
Conserve themselves; esteem themselves not:
Rejecting these; preferring those。
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Be brave in daring: kill or be killed;
Be brave in not daring: live and let live;
One of these two bring gain; one harm。
But which man knows what heaven condemns;
What precedents it抯 guided by?
The way of heaven masters all:
It prevails though striving not;
It replies though speaking not;
Comes although uncalled;
And gives good counsel though affected not。
Heaven抯 net; cast far and wide;
Seems slack yet nothing slips outside。
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If the people fear not even death itself;
How can execution frighten them?
If they are in constant fear of death;
And we seize and put to death
Committers of crimes; then who would dare?
But to keep the folk in constant fear;
Keep the master executioner near。
Let no one kill in his stead; for that wou