第 195 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:30      字数:9002
  Order it before it turns into chaos。
  A tree 'so big' that it takes both arms to surround starts out as
  the tiniest shoot;
  A nine…story terrace rises up from a basket of dirt。
  A high place one hundred; one thousand feet high begins from under your feet。
  Those who act on it ruin it;
  Those who hold on to it lose it。
  Therefore the Sage does not act;
  And as a result; he doesn't ruin 'things';
  He does not hold on to 'things';
  And as a result; he doesn't lose 'things';
  In people's handling of affairs; they always ruin things when they're right at the point of completion。
  Therefore we say; 〃If you're as careful at the end as you were at the beginning; you'll have no failures。〃
  Therefore the Sage desires not to desire and doesn't value goods that are hard to obtain;
  He learns not to learn and returns to what the masses pass by;
  He could help all things to be natural; yet he dare not do it。
  65
  Those who practiced the Way in antiquity;
  Did not use it to enlighten the people。
  Rather; they used it to make them dumb。
  Now the reason why people are difficult to rule is because of their knowledge;
  As a result; to use knowledge to rule the state
  Is thievery of the state;
  To use ignorance to rule the state
  Is kindness to the state。
  One who constantly understands these two;
  Also 'understands' the principle。
  To constantly understand the principle?br》 This is called Profound Virtue。
  Profound Virtue is deep; is far…reaching;
  And together with things it returns。
  Thus we arrive at the Great Accord。
  66
  The reason why rivers and oceans are able to be the kings of the one hundred valleys is that they are good at being below them。
  for this reason they are able to be the kings of the one hundred valleys。
  Therefore in the Sage's desire to be above the people;
  He must in his speech be below them。
  And in his desire to be at the front of the people;
  He must in his person be behind them。
  Thus he dwells above; yet the people do not regard him as heavey;
  And he dwells in front; yet the people do not see him as posing a threat。
  The whole world delights in his praise and never tires of him。
  Is it not because he is not contentious;
  That; as a result; no one in the world can contend with him?!
  67
  The whole world says; I'm Great;
  Great; yet unlike 'everyone else';
  But it's precisely because I'm unlike 'everyone else'; that I'm therefore able to be Great。
  Were I like 'everyone else'; for a long time now I'd have seemed insignificant and small。
  I constantly have three treasures;
  Hold on to them and treasure them。
  The first is compassion;
  The second is frugality;
  And the third is not presuming to be at the forefront in the world。
  Now; it's because I'm compassionate that I therefore can be courageous;
  And it's because I'm frugal that I therefore can be magnamimous;
  And it's because I don't presume to be at the forefront in the world that I therefore can be the head of those with complete talent。
  Now; if you abandon this compassion and yet try to be courageous;
  And if you abandon this frugality and yet try to be magnanimous;
  And if you abandon this staying behind and yet go to the fore;
  Then you will die。
  If with compassion you attack; then you'll win;
  If you defend; then you'll stand firm。
  When Heaven's about to establish him;
  It's as though he surrounds him with the protective wall of compassion。
  68
  Therefore; one who is good at being a warrior doesn't make a show of his might;
  One who is good in battle doesn't get angry;
  One who is good at defeating the enemy doesn't engage him。
  And one who is good at using men places himself below them。
  This is called the virtue of not competing;
  This is called 'correctly' using men;
  This is called matching Heaven。
  It's the high point of the past。
  69
  Those who use weapons have a saying which goes:
  〃I don't presume to act like the host; and instead play the part of the guest;
  I don't advance an inch; but rather retreat a foot。〃
  This is called moving forward without moving forword?br》 Rolling up one's sleeves without baring one's arms?br》 Grasping firmly without holding a weapon?br》 And enticing to fight when there's no opponent。
  Of disasters; none is greater than 'thinking' you have no rival。
  To think you have no rival is to come close to losing my treasures。
  Therefore; when weapons are raised and 'the opponents' are farily well matched;
  Then it's the one who feels grief that will win。
  70
  My words are easy to understand;
  And easy to put into practice。
  Yet no one in the world can understand them;
  And no one can put them into practice。
  Now my words have an ancestor; and my deeds have a lord;
  And it's simply because 'people' have no understanding 'of them'; that they therefore don't understand me。
  But when those who understand me are few; then I'm of great value。
  Therefore the Sage wears coarse woolen cloth; but inside it he holds on to jade。
  71
  To know you don't know is best。
  Not to know you 'don't' know is a flaw。
  Therefore; the Sage's not being flawed
  Stems from his recognizing a flaw as a flaw。
  Therefore; he is flawless。
  72
  When the people don't respect those in power; then what they greatly fear is about to arrive。
  Don't narrow the size of the places in which they live;
  Don't oppress them in their means of livelihood。
  It's simply because you do not oppress them; that they therefore will not be fed up。
  Therefore the Sage knows himself but doesn't show himself;
  he cherishes himself but doesn't value himself。
  For this reason; he rejects that and takes this。
  73
  If you're brave in being daring; you'll be killed;
  If you're brave in not being daring; you'll live。
  With these two things; in one case there's profit; in the other there's harm。
  The things Heaven hates梬ho knows why?
  The Way of Heaven is not to fight yet to be good at winning?br》 Not to speak yet skillfully respond?br》 No one summons it; yet it comes on its own?br》 To be at ease yet carefully plan。
  Heaven's net is large and vast;
  Its mesh may be coarse yet nothing slips through。
  74
  If the people were constant 'in their behavior' and yet did not fear death;
  How could you use execution to intimidate them?
  If you brought it about that the people were constant 'in their behavior' and moreover feared; and 'we' took those who behaved in abnormal ways and killed them梬ho would dare act in this way?!
  If the people are constant and moreover necessarily fear death;
  then we constantly have the one in charge of executions。
  Now killing people in place of the one in charge of executions;
  this 'is like' cutting wood in place of the head carpenter。
  And of those who cut wood in place of the head carpenter; very few do not hurt their hands!
  75
  The reason why people starve;
  Is because they take so much in tax…grain。
  Therefore they starve。
  The reason why the common people cannot be ruled;
  Is because their superiors have their reason for acting。
  Therefore they cannot be ruled。
  The reason why people take death lightly;
  Is because they so avidly seek after life。
  Therefore they take death lightly。
  Only those who do not act for the purpose of living?br》 Only these are superior to those who value life。
  76
  When people are born; they're supple and soft;
  Whey they die; they end up stretched out firm and rigid;
  When the ten thousand things and grasses and trees are alive; they're supple and pliant;
  When they're dead; they're withered and dried out。
  Therefore we say that the firm and rigid are compassions of death;
  While the supple; the soft; the weak; and the delicate are compassions of life。
  If a soldier is rigid; he won't win;
  If a tree is rigid; it will come to its end。
  Rigidity and power occupy the inferior position;
  Suppleness; softness; weakness; and delicateness occupy the superior position。
  77
  The Way of Heaven is like the flexing of a bow。
  The high it presses down; the low it raises up。
  From those with a surplus it takes away; to those without enough it adds on。
  Therefore the way of Heaven?br》 Is to reduce the excessive and increase the insufficient;
  The Way of Man?br》 Is to reduce the insufficient and offer more to the excessive。
  Now; who is able to have a surplus and use it to offer to Heaven?
  Clearly; it's only the one who possesses the Way。
  Therefore the Sage?br》 Take actions but does not possess them;
  Accomplishes his tasks but does not dwell on them。
  Like this; is his desire not to make a display of his worthiness。
  78
  In the whole world; nothing is softer and weaker than water。
  And yet for attacking the hard and strong; nothing can bear it;
  Because there is no