第 167 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:29      字数:9033
  This giving of oneself over to the inevitable is called preservation。
  He who knows this preservation is called enlightened。
  He who knows it not continues in misery。
  He who knows this preservation is great of soul。
  He who is great of soul is prevailing。
  Prevailing; he is a king。
  Being a king; he is celestial。
  Being celestial; he is of Tao。
  Being of Tao; he endures for ever: for though his body perish; yet he suffers no hurt。
  17
  In the first age of mankind the people recognized their superiors。
  In the second age they served and flattered them。
  In the third age they feared them;
  In the fourth age they despised them。
  Where faith is lacking it does not inspire confidence。
  How careful were they in their expressions!
  When they had done a good thing they would say; 〃How very natural we are!〃
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  When the great Tao is lost men follow after charity and duty to one's neighbours。
  When wisdom has met with honours the world is full of pretenders。
  When family ties are severed then filial duty and parental indulgence take their place
  When a nation is filled with strife then do patriots flourish。
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  By giving up their self…righteousness and abandoning their wisdom the people would be immensely improved。
  Forsaking Charity and Duty to the neighbours; they might revert to their natural relations。
  Abandoning excellence and foregoing gain; the people would have no more thieves。
  The cultivation of these things has been a failure; therefore they should go back whence they came。
  And for you; do come forth in your natural simplicity; lay hold on verities; restrain selfishness; and rid yourself of ambition。
  20
  Dispense with your learning and save yourselves anxiety; the difference between certainly and perhaps is not much after all。
  Do they help us to distinguish between good and evil? for one must always by careful of distinctions!
  Alas! but the people will never be free of their folly。
  They are filled with ambition; as the stallion ox is filled with lust。
  I am singular in my bashfulness; I am devoid of ambition; I am undeveloped as a little child。
  I am but a waif; a stray; a child without a home。
  All others have an excess of good things; but I am as one abandoned。
  How foolish and simple am I! I am bewildered。
  Everyone sparkles with intelligence; I am alone in my obscurity。
  The people are full of discernment; I alone am dull。
  I am tossed about like the ocean; I roll am never at rest。
  Everyone has something to do; I alone am incapable and without merit。
  I alone am estranged from the people; but I glory on the breast of my mother!
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  The greatest virtue is in simply following Tao; the intangible; inscrutable。
  Inscrutable; intangible; and yet containing forms。
  Intangible; inscrutable; and yet containing things。
  Profound and obscure; but having an essence; a veritable essence in which is consistence。
  From eternity until now its nature has remained unchanged。
  It inheres in all things from their beginnings。
  How do I know of the origin of things?
  I know by Tao。
  22
  Whosoever adapteth himself shall be preserved to the end。
  Whosoever bendeth himself shall be straightened。
  Whosoever emptieth himself shall be filled。
  Whosoever weareth himself away shall be renewed。
  Whosoever humbleth himself shall be exalted。
  Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased。
  Therefore doth the Sage cling to simplicity; and is an example to all men。
  He is not onstentatious; and therefore he shines。
  He is not egotistic; and therefore he is praised。
  He is not vain; therefore he is esteemed。
  He is not haughty; and therefore he is honoured。
  And because he does not compete with others; no man is his enemy。
  The ancient maxim; 〃Whosoever adapteth himself shall be preserved to the end;〃 verily it is no idle saying。
  Without doubt he shall go back to his Home in peace。
  23
  Moderate your speech; and preserve yourself。
  A hurricane will not outlast the morning; a heavy rain will not outlast the day。
  Who have the power to make these things but Heaven and Earth?
  And if Heaven and Earth cannot continue them long; how shall a man do so?
  If a man accords with Tao in all things; he is identified with Tao by that agreement。
  A virtuous man is identified with virtue; a vicious man is identified with vice。
  Whoever is identified with Tao; him do the Taoists receive with gladness。
  Whoever is identified with virtue; him do the virtuous receive with gladness。
  But whoever is identified with vice; him do the vicious gladly serve with vice。
  For wherever confidence is lacking; it is not met with trust。
  24
  By standing on tiptoe one cannot keep still。
  Astride of one's fellow one cannot progress。
  By displaying oneself one does not shine。
  By self…approbation one is not esteemed。
  In self…praise there is no merit。
  He who exalts himself does not stand high。
  Such things are to Tao what refuse and excreta are to the body。
  They are everywhere detested。
  Therefore the man of Tao will not abide with them。
  25
  Before Heaven and Earth existed there was in Nature a primordial substance。
  It was serene; it was fathomless。
  It was self…existent; it was homogeneous。
  It was omnipresent; nor suffered any limitation。
  It is to be regarded as the universal mother。
  I do not know its name; but I call it Tao。
  If forced to qualify it; I call it the boundless。
  Being boundless; I call it the inconceivable。
  Being inscrutable; I call it the inaccessible。
  Being inaccessible; I call it the omnipresent。
  Tao is supreme; Heaven is supreme; Earth is supreme; the King is supreme。
  There are in the universe four kinds of supremacy; and their rulership is one。
  Man is ruled by the Earth; the Earth is ruled by Heaven; Heaven is ruled by Tao; and Tao is ruled by itself。
  26
  Weight underlies lightness; quiescence underlies motion。
  Therefore the Sage never loses his gravity and quiescence from day to day。
  Though glorious palaces should belong to him; he would dwell in them peacefully; without attachment。
  Alas that a king with many chariots should conduct himself with frivolity in the midst of his kingdom!
  By levity he loses his ministers; and by inconstancy his throne。
  27
  A good walker makes no dust after him。
  The good speaker incurs no discussion。
  The good reckoner needs no arithmetic。
  The good keeper needs no bolts or bars; and none can open after him。
  The wise man is constant and a good helper of his fellows。 He rejects none。
  He is a continual good preserver of things。 He disdains nothing。
  His intelligence is all…embracing。
  Good men instruct one another; and bad men are the material they delve in。
  Whoever; therefore; does not honour his teacher and cherish his material; though he be called wise; is yet in a state of delusion。
  This is no less important than strange。
  28
  He who; being a man; remains a woman; will become an universal channel。
  As an universal channel the eternal virtue will never forsake him。 He will re…become a child。
  He who; being in the light; remains in obscurity; will become an universal model。
  As an universal model the eternal virtue will not pass him by。 He will go back to the all…perfect。
  He who; being glorious; continues in humility; will become an universal valley。
  As an universal valley the eternal virtue will fill him。 He will revert to the first essence。
  This first essence is that which; being differentiated; gives rise to innumerable vessels of life。
  A wise man; by embracing it; becomes the wisest of governors。
  A liberal government is that which neither disregards not hurts anyone。
  29
  When a man who wishes to reform the world takes it in hand; I perceive that there will be no end to it!
  Spiritual vessels are not fashioned in the world。
  Whoever makes destroys; whoever grasps loses。
  For perforce if one advances another is left behind; if one blows hot another will blow cold; if one be strengthened another will be weakened; is one be supported another will be undermined。
  Therefore the Sage gives up all enthusiasm; levity; and pomp。
  30
  The man who aids the King by use of Tao forces the people into submission without resort to the use of arms。 He will not regard the fruit of his actions。
  Prickly briars and thorns flourish where battalions have quartered。
  Bad years follow on the heels of armies in motion。
  The good soldier is brave when occasion requires; but he does not risk himself for power。
  Brave is he when occasion requires; but he does not oppress。
  Brave is he when occasion requires; but he does not boast。
  Brave is he when occasion requires; but he is not mean。
  Brave is he when occasion requires; but he does not rage。
  Things become old through excess of vigour。 This is called Non…Tao; and what