第 151 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:29      字数:8968
  Just because they are not full they can avoid wearing out and being replaced。
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  Maintain utmost emptiness。
  Maintain profound tranquillity。
  All things together arise;
  By this I see their return。
  Things flourish; and each returns to its root。
  To return to the root is to attain tranquillity。
  This is called returning to one's basic nature。
  Returning to one's basic nature is called constancy (ch'ang2)。
  To understand constancy is called enlightening (ming2)。
  Not understanding constancy is blindly doing unfortunate things。
  Understanding constancy; one gains a capacity for forbearance。
  With forbearance; one can be impartial(kung1)。
  If one is impartial; one can be kingly。
  If one is kingly。 then one can communicate with heaven。
  To communicate with heaven is to be in accord with Tao。
  To be in accord with Tao is to be everlasting;
  Even though one's body ceases to be; one is not destroyed。
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  From times immemorial there have been some who have known。
  There have also been those who were sympathetic; and praising。
  There have been those that feared。 There have been those that ridiculed。
  There have been those who were not true enough;
  And there have been those who were not true at all。
  How valuable are the words;
  〃When an accomplishment is achieved and the task finished;
  People say it was only natural。〃
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  If the great Tao is lost; humanism and justice appear。
  When intelligence an cleverness arise; so does gross hypocrisy。
  When the six relationships fall into discord; filial piety and parental affection arise。
  When a nation falls into darkness and confusion; patriotic ministers arise。
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  Divorce wisdom and abandon intelligence;
  And the people will benefit a hundred…fold。
  Divorce humanism and abandon justice;
  And the people will return to filial piety and parental affection。
  Divorce shrewdness and abandon selfishness;
  And there will be no thieves。
  I believe these three statements show that words are inadequate。
  The people should be made to adhere to these principles:
  〃Look to the origins and maintain purity; Diminish self and curb
  desires。〃
  Divorce learning and one will lose anxiety。
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  How much difference is there between yes and no?
  How much distance is there between good and bad?
  What others fear; I must fear。
  Wildly; endlessly; all men are merry; as though feasting upon beef or sitting on the verandah in the spring sunshine。
  I alone remain uncommitted;
  Like an infant who has not yet smiled。
  I alone seem as mindless as one who has no home to return to。
  Everyone else has enough and more;
  Yet I alone seem to be left with nothing。
  What a fool's mind I have!
  How muddled I am!
  Most people seek brightness and clarity。
  I alone seek dullness and darkness。
  Most people are imaginative and observant。
  I alone am stifled and confused。
  I am as unmoved as the ocean;
  As ceaseless as the wind high in the sky。
  Everyone else has something to do;
  I alone am ignorant and dull。
  I alone am different from the rest in that I value taking sustenance from the Mother。
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  The countenance of a person of high moral cultivation comes from living according to the Tao。
  The phenomenon of Tao is so elusive and evanescent。
  Evanescent and elusive it is; yet there is a form contained within。
  Elusive and evanescent; yet there is substance within。
  So vacant and so dark; yet there is a vital essence (ching1) within。
  This vital essence is very real;
  For within is the proof。
  From the past to the present its name has not been obliterated; because it is evident in the origin of all things。
  How do I know the circumstances of the origin of all things?
  Exactly by this phenomenon。
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  Yield; and become whole;
  Bend; and become straight。
  Hollow out; and become filled。
  Exhaust; and become renewed
  Small amounts become obtainable;
  Large amounts become confusing。
  Therefore the Sage embraces the One; and so is a shepherd fro the whole world。
  He does not focus on himself and so is brilliant。
  He does not seek self…justification and so becomes his own evidence。
  He does not make claims and hence is given the credit。
  He does not compete with anyone and hence; no…one in the world can compete with him。
  How can that which the ancients expressed as 〃yield; and become whole〃 be meaningless?
  If wholly sincere; you will return to them。
  23
  It is nature's way to say little;
  For hurricanes do not last a whole morning nor thunderstorms all day。
  What causes them? Heaven and earth。
  Even if heaven and earth are unable to persevere for long
  Then how much longer can man?
  Therefore; there are those who practice the Tao。
  Those who behave according to Tao are in communication with the Tao。
  Those who behave according to Te are in communication with Te。
  Those who have lost Tao and Te are in communication with failure。
  Those in communication with Tao are also joyously received by Tao。
  Those in communication with Te are also joyously received by Te。
  Those in communication with failure are also welcomed by failure。
  Some are not true enough to the Tao;
  And so there are some who are not true to it at all。
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  If one is on tiptoe; he cannot stand firm。
  If one stands with straddled legs he cannot walk。
  One who is fascinated with himself is not clear…sighted。
  If one seeks self…justification; he will not be his own evidence。
  If one makes claims; he will not get credit。
  If one considers his successes important; he will not endure。
  According to Tao; these are called 〃excess nature〃(yu te) and 〃superfluous behaviour;〃 and go against natural law。 Hence; a man of Tao spurns them。
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  There is a chaotic thing; born before heaven and earth;
  So silent; so empty; unique and unchanging; circling endlessly;
  It could be considered the Mother of all under heaven。
  I do not know its name。
  I reluctantly style it 〃Tao〃
  And if forced to; reluctantly describe it as 〃great。〃
  〃Great〃 can be described as going ever onward。
  〃Going ever onward〃 can be described as going far。
  〃Going far〃 can be described as returning。
  Hence; Tao is great。 Heaven is great; earth is great; and mankind; also; is great。
  There are four phenomena in the universe; and mankind is one of them。
  Mankind follows the ways of the earth;
  The earth follows the ways of heaven;
  Heaven follows the ways of Tao;
  And Tao follows the ways of Nature(tzu4 jan3)。
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  Heaviness is the root of lightness。
  Tranquillity is the master of emotion。
  That is why the Sage; practising all day long; does not part from his baggage。
  Although he may have a grand mansion; still his daily life remains simple。
  How can one be lord of a large state and behave lightly before the world?
  If light; his root will be lost;
  If emotional; his mastery will be lost。
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  The best walking leaves no tracks。
  The best speech is flawless。
  The best calculation needs no counting slips。
  The best latch has no bolt; yet it cannot be opened。
  The best knot uses no rope; yet it cannot be untied。
  That is why the Sage is always good at saving people; and therefore abandons nobody。
  He is always good at saving things and therefore abandons nothing。
  This is called hsi ming。
  Therefore good people are examples for mediocre people;
  While mediocre people have the potential to be good people。
  Not to appreciate the example; not to cherish the potential;
  Is to be far astray; regardless of intelligence。
  This is an essential tenet of the Tao。
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  Know the masculine; cleave to the feminine。
  Be the valley for the world。
  To be the valley for the world; do not swerve from your innate nature and return to the state of infancy。
  Know the bright; keep to the dull。
  Be a guide for the world; follow your innate nature without changing and return to the pre…conceptual。
  Understand glory; keep to humility。
  Be the valley for the world。
  Innate nature completed; return to original uniqueness。
  When original uniqueness is divided;
  It then becomes the instrumentalities。
  The Sage employs them;
  They then become the officers;
  Thus; subtle governance shapes not。
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  If one strives to be the ruler of the world; I do not see how they can succeed。
  The world is a vessel for the spirit which cannot be acted upon。
  Those who act upon it destroy it。
  Those who try to hold on to it lose it。
  Therefore; things either move forward or fall behind;
  Puff strongly or weakly; grow powerful or become weak;
  Persevere or fall。
  And therefore; the enlightened do away with excess; extravagances and extremes。
  30
  Those who use Tao to help the ruler never use arms to force the w