第 75 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:28      字数:8914
  The words of truth sound contrarian。
  79
  Deep grievances can be ameliorated; but residual ones remain。
  How can this situation be improved?
  Thus:
  The sage holds the left half of the debt instrument; and never abuses the debtor。
  A person of virtue just keeps the left portion; but
  A person of no virtue abuses the debtor。
  The way of Heaven is neutral;
  But it always sides with the virtuous person。
  80
  There exists a small state with a few people。
  Wherein:
  Plenty of useful tools are not being used。
  Valuing life; the people do not migrate faraway。
  Though there are boats and carriages; no one rides in them。
  Let the people return to the time of tying knots on ropes for reckoning。
  Let them:
  Enjoy their food;
  Beautify their clothing;
  Live in peace at home; and
  Be happy with their heritage。
  The people in neighbouring states are within sight of each other;
  The crowing of cocks and barking of dogs are heard from each other;
  Yet the people die of old age without visiting with each other。
  81
  Credible words are not artful:
  Artful words are not credible。
  An objective person does not argue;
  A person who argues is not objective。
  He who knows the truth may not be erudite;
  He who is erudite may not know the truth。
  The sage does not hoard for himself;
  The more he benefits others the happier he becomes;
  The more he gives away to others the wealthier he feels。
  The way of Heaven; benefits all; harms none。
  The way of the sage: be helpful to all; contentious against none。
  English_Chilcott_TTK
  Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
  Chinese … English by
  Tim Chilcott; 2005
  1
  The Way that can be spoken of
  is not the changeless DAO。
  The name that can be named
  is not the changeless Name。
  Namelessness: the blank that was before both heaven and earth。
  Naming: the mother of all living things。
  To understand the mysteries of DAO; empty yourself of all desire;
  to understand its outward forms; fill yourself with all desire。
  DAO and the world flow from the same source; but differ in name。
  Their oneness is a mystery; a mystery upon a mystery;
  the gateway to the essence of everything that is。
  2
  The whole world recognises what is beautiful
  only because of ugliness。
  The whole world recognises what is good
  only because of sin。
  Being and non…being have a common birth。
  Hard and easy complement each other;
  long and short off…set each other;
  high and low are measured by each other;
  text and voice harmonise with each other; *
  before and after follow one another。 **
  Those who have attained enlightenment
  act without acting
  teach without speaking。
  Ten thousand things arise; the enlightened make no claim on them;
  they give them life without possessing them;
  they nourish them without expecting gratitude;
  they finish what they have to do without claiming recognition。
  It is because they make no claim to recognition
  that they are recognised for ever。
  * yin sheng: text and voice
  Although both yin and sheng have clear musical connotations; the exact contrast here is harder to establish。 Yin has been variously translated as 憈one/note/sound/pitch/treble? and sheng as 憊oice/melody/mood/silence? Since the two terms must be in some kind of opposition to each other; given the immediately preceding contrasts; the difference between the written word (憈ext? and the sung or spoken word (憊oice? may offer a reasonable interpretation。
  ** qian hou xiang sui: before and after follow one another
  qian and hou can also be translated as 慺ront?and 慴ack? or 慺uture?and 憄ast? Whichever rendering is preferred; the underlying image is of the unbroken cycle of a circle; where any moment of time; or any point in space; are simultaneously both before and after all other moments and points in the circle。
  3
  If status is not praised
  people will not quarrel;
  if treasures are not prized
  people will not steal;
  if objects of desire are not displayed
  people抯 hearts will not be troubled。
  So those who are enlightened govern by
  quietening the people抯 hearts and filling up their bellies;
  stilling their ambitiousness and strengthening their bones。
  They show people how to live simply; without desires;
  and ensure the cunning do not dare to act。
  Do what needs no action; and order will prevail。
  4
  DAO is an emptiness
  but to use it will not drain it。
  DAO is fathomless
  but is the origin of everything that is。
  It blunts sharp edges
  untangles knots
  softens glare
  and merges with the dust of all the world。
  Profoundly still; it has always been like this。
  I do not know whose child it is。
  It images the forefather of God。
  5
  Heaven and earth are never partial;
  they treat all living things dispassionately。 *
  Those who are enlightened are never partial;
  they treat all people equally。
  The space between the heavens and the earth is like a bellows;
  empty and yet inexhaustible。
  The more it works; the more it makes come out。
  Too many words will bring about exhaustion。
  Better to hold fast to the centre within。
  * chu gou: dispassionately卐qually
  the literal meaning of chu gou is 憇traw dogs? a reference to the ritual whereby a straw dog is treated with the greatest care and deference before being offered up in sacrifice; only to be discarded and trampled upon once it has served its purpose。 The image conveys the sublime impartiality of heaven and earth; as well as of those who are enlightened; towards all living things。
  6
  The spirit of the valley never dies。
  It is called the deep and hidden feminine。
  The opening to the deep and hidden feminine
  is called the root of heaven and earth。
  Lingering like gossamer; it always seems to be。
  Using it will never wear it out。
  7
  Heaven is eternal; and earth is everlasting。
  They can endure because they do not generate themselves。
  That is the reason why they last for ever。
  Those who are enlightened put their person last
  and it comes first;
  reject their selfhood
  and it survives。
  Is it not because they are without thought of self
  that they can thus fulfil themselves?
  8
  The greatest good is like water。
  Water is of benefit to every living thing
  and does not contend with them。
  It flows in lowly places disdained by all mankind;
  and so comes close to DAO。
  In where you live; choose solid ground;
  in how you think; go deep within your mind;
  in your relationships; show loving…kindness;
  in what you say; hold to the truth;
  in governing; be just;
  in how you work; do what is best;
  in what you do; be timely。
  What gives a house its value is where it is;
  what gives a mind its value is its depth;
  what gives relationship its value is its love;
  what gives words their value is their truth;
  what gives a government its value is its justice;
  what gives work its value is its skill;
  what gives action its value is its timeliness。
  Do not fight; and there will be no blame。
  9
  To hold and fill a cup to over…flowing
  is not as good as stopping in good time。
  To whet a sword…blade to the sharpest edge
  cannot prevent that sharpness being lost。
  To fill a house with gold and jade
  will mean no…one can guard it safe。
  To have both wealth and status yet still be proud
  will bring about catastrophe。
  Complete your work and then stand back。
  That is the way of DAO。
  10
  Can you enfold your body and your soul in the One
  and then let go?
  Can you control the breath of life in you
  until you are as supple as a new…born child?
  Can you cleanse your inner vision
  so it is purified of stain?
  Can you love the people and rule the state
  in openness and humility?
  As heaven抯 gates open wide then close;
  can you be like the mother bird?
  As your bright discerning comprehends all things;
  can you remain in innocence?
  Giving birth and nurturing;
  shaping things without possessing them;
  acting without expectation of reward;
  leading without domination ?br》 this is the primal power of DE。
  11
  Thirty spokes come together in one hub;
  it is that empty space that makes the wheel turn round。
  Clay is shaped to make a bowl;
  it is the empty space that makes the bowl of use。
  Doors and windows are cut out to make a room;
  it is the empty space that makes the room of use。
  So benefit from what is here;
  make use of what is not。
  12
  Too many colours will confuse the eye; *
  too many notes will dull the ear;
  too many tastes will numb the palate;
  too much of the hunt and chase will make the heart go mad;
  Precious things can hold back