apparel　nor　perfumes。　Into　the　fire；　are　always　thrown　the　arms　of　the
  dead；　and　sometimes　his　horse。　With　sods　of　earth　only　the　sepulchre
  is　raised。　The　pomp　of　tedious　and　elaborate　monuments　they　contemn；
  as　things　grievous　to　the　deceased。　Tears　and　wailings　they　soon
  dismiss：　their　affliction　and　woe　they　long　retain。　In　women；　it　is
  reckoned　becoming　to　bewail　their　loss；　in　men；　to　remember　it。　This
  is　what　in　general　we　have　learned；　in　the　original　and　customs　of　the
  whole　people　of　Germany。　I　shall　now　deduce　the　institutions　and
  usages　of　the　several　people；　as　far　as　they　vary　one　from　another；　as
  also　an　account　of　what　nations　from　thence　removed；　to　settle
  themselves　in　Gaul。
  That　the　Gauls　were　in　times　past　more　puissant　and　formidable；　is
  related　by　the　Prince　of　authors；　the　deified　Julius　＇Caesar＇；　and
  hence　it　is　probable　that　they　too　have　passed　into　Germany。　For　what
  a　small　obstacle　must　be　a　river；　to　restrain　any　nation；　as　each　grew
  more　potent；　from　seizing　or　changing　habitations；　when　as　yet　all
  habitations　were　common；　and　not　parted　or　appropriated　by　the
  founding　and　terror　of　Monarchies？　The　region　therefore　between　the
  Hercynian　Forest　and　the　rivers　Moenus　and　Rhine；　was　occupied　by　the
  Helvetians；　as　was　that　beyond　it　by　the　Boians；　both　nations　of　Gaul。
  There　still　remains　a　place　called　/Boiemum/；　which　denotes　the
  primitive　name　and　antiquity　of　the　country；　although　the　inhabitants
  have　been　changed。　But　whether　the　Araviscans　are　derived　from　the
  Osians；　a　nation　of　Germans　passing　into　Pannonia；　or　the　Osians　from
  the　Araviscans　removing　from　thence　into　Germany；　is　a　matter
  undecided；　since　they　both　still　use　the　language；　the　same　customs
  and　the　same　laws。　For；　as　of　old　they　lived　alike　poor　and　alike
  free；　equal　proved　the　evils　and　advantages　on　each　side　the　river；
  and　common　to　both　people。　The　Treverians　and　Nervians　aspire
  passionately　to　the　reputation　of　being　descended　from　the　Germans；
  since　by　the　glory　of　this　original；　they　would　escape　all　imputation
  of　resembling　the　Gauls　in　person　and　effeminacy。　Such　as　dwell　upon
  the　bank　of　the　Rhine；　the　Vangiones；　the　Tribocians；　and　the　Nemetes；
  are　without　doubt　all　Germans。　The　Ubians　are　ashamed　of　their
  original；　though　they　have　a　particular　honour　to　boast；　that　of
  having　merited　an　establishment　as　a　Roman　Colony；　and　still　delight
  to　be　called　/Agrippinensians/；　after　the　name　of　their　founder：　they
  indeed　formerly　came　from　beyond　the　Rhine；　and；　for　the　many　proofs
  of　their　fidelity；　were　settled　upon　the　very　bank　of　the　river；　not
  to　be　there　confined　or　guarded　themselves；　but　to　guard　and　defend
  that　boundary　against　the　rest　of　the　Germans。
  Of　all　these　nations；　the　Batavians　are　the　most　signal　in　bravery。
  They　inhabit　not　much　territory　upon　the　Rhine；　but　possess　an　island
  in　it。　They　were　formerly　part　of　the　Cattans；　and　by　means　of　feuds
  at　home　removed　to　these　dwellings；　whence　they　might　become　a　portion
  of　the　Roman　Empire。　With　them　this　honour　still　remains；　as　also　the
  memorials　of　their　ancient　association　with　us：　for　they　are　not　under
  the　contempt　of　paying　tribute；　nor　subject　to　be　squeezed　by　the
  farmers　of　the　revenue。　Free　from　all　impositions　and　payments；　and
  only　set　apart　for　the　purposes　of　fighting；　they　are　reserved　wholly
  for　the　wars；　in　the　same　manner　as　a　magazine　of　weapons　and　armour。
  Under　the　same　degree　of　homage　are　the　nation　of　the　Mattiacians。　For
  such　is　the　might　and　greatness　of　the　Roman　People；　as　to　have
  carried　the　awe　and　esteem　of　their　Empire　beyond　the　Rhine　and　the
  ancient　boundaries。　Thus　the　Mattiacians；　living　upon　the　opposite
  banks；　enjoy　a　settlement　and　limits　of　their　own；　yet　in　spirit　and
  inclination　are　attached　to　us：　in　other　things　resembling　the
  Batavians；　save　that　as　they　still　breathe　their　original　air；　still
  possess　their　primitive　soil；　they　are　thence　inspired　with　superior
  vigour　and　keenness。　Amongst　the　people　of　Germany　I　would　not　reckon
  those　who　occupy　the　lands　which　are　under　decimation；　though　they　be
  such　as　dwell　beyond　the　Rhine　and　the　Danube。　By　several　worthless
  and　vagabond　Gauls；　and　such　as　poverty　rendered　daring；　that　region
  was　seized　as　one　belonging　to　no　certain　possessor：　afterwards　it
  became　a　skirt　of　the　Empire　and　part　of　a　province；　upon　the
  enlargement　of　our　bounds　and　the　extending　of　our　garrisons　and
  frontier。
  Beyond　these　are　the　Cattans；　whose　territories　begin　at　the　Hercynian
  Forest；　and　consist　not　of　such　wide　and　marshy　plains；　as　those　of
  the　other　communities　contained　within　the　vast　compass　of　Germany；
  but　produce　ranges　of　hills；　such　as　run　lofty　and　contiguous　for　a
  long　tract；　then　by　degrees　sink　and　decay。　Moreover　the　Hercynian
  Forest　attends　for　a　while　its　native　Cattans；　then　suddenly　forsakes
  them。　This　people　are　distinguished　with　bodies　more　hardy　and　robust；
  compact　limbs；　stern　countenances；　and　greater　vigour　of　spirit。　For
  Germans；　they　are　men　of　much　sense　and　address。　They　dignify　chosen
  men；　listen　to　such　as　are　set　over　them；　know　how　to　preserve　their
  post；　to　discern　occasions；　to　rebate　their　own　ardour　and　impatience；
  how　to　employ　the　day；　how　to　entrench　themselves　by　night。　They
  account　fortune　amongst　things　slippery　and　uncertain；　but　bravery
  amongst　such　as　are　never…failing　and　secure；　and；　what　is　exceeding
  rare　nor　ever　to　be　learnt　but　by　a　wholesome　course　of　discipline；　in
  the　conduct　of　the　general　they　repose　more　assurance　than　in　the
  strength　of　the　army。　Their　whole　forces　consist　of　foot；　who　besides
  their　arms　carry　likewise　instruments　of　iron　and　their　provisions。
  You　may　see　other　Germans　proceed　equipped　to　battle；　but　the　Cattans
  so　as　to　conduct　a　war。　They　rarely　venture　upon　excursions　or　casual
  encounters。　It　is　in　truth　peculiar　to　cavalry；　suddenly　to　conquer；
  or　suddenly　to　fly。　Such　haste　and　velocity　rather　resembles　fear。
  Patience　and　deliberation　are　more　akin　to　intrepidity。
  Moreover　a　custom；　practised　indeed　in　other　nations　of　Germany；　yet
  very　rarely　and　confined　only　to　particulars　more　daring　than　the
  rest；　prevails　amongst　the　Cattans　by　universal　consent。　As　soon　as
  they　arrive　to　maturity　of　years；　they　let　their　hair　and　beards
  continue　to　grow；　nor　till　they　have　slain　an　enemy　do　they　ever　lay
  aside　this　form　of　countenance　by　vow　sacred　to　valour。　Over　the　blood
  and　spoil　of　a　foe　they　make　bare　their　face。　They　allege；　that　they
  have　now　acquitted　themselves　of　the　debt　and　duty　contracted　by　their
  birth；　and　rendered　themselves　worthy　of　their　country；　worthy　of
  their　parents。　Upon　the　spiritless；　cowardly　and　unwarlike；　such
  deformity　of　visage　still　remains。　All　the　most　brave　likewise　wear　an
  iron　ring　（a　mark　of　great　dishonour　this　in　that　nation）　and　retain
  it　as　a　chain；　till　by　killing　an　enemy　they　become　released。　Many　of
  the　Cattans　delight　always　to　bear　this　terrible　aspect；　and；　when
  grown　white　through　age；　become　awful　and　conspicuous　by　such　marks；
  both　to　the　enemy　and　their　own　countrymen。　By　them　in　all　engagements
  the　first　assault　is　made：　of　them　the　front　of　the　battle　is　always
  composed；　as　men　who　in　their　looks　are　singular　and　tremendous。　For
  even　during　peace　they　abate　nothing　in　the　grimness　and　horror　of
  their　countenance。　They　have　no　house　to　inhabit；　no　land　to
  cultivate；　nor　any　domestic　charge　or　care。　With　whomsoever　they　come
  to　sojourn；　by　him　they　are　maintained；　always　very　prodigal　of　the
  substance　of　others；　always　despising　what　is　their　own；　till　the
  feebleness　of　old　age　overtakes　them；　and　renders　them　unequal　to　the
  efforts　of　such　rigid　bravery。
  Next　to　the　Cattans；　dwell　the　Usipians　and　Tencterians；　upon　the
  Rhine　now　running　in　a　channel　uniform　and　certain；　such　as　suffices
  for　a　boundary。　The　Tencterians；　besides　their　wonted　glory　in　war；
  surpass　in　the　service　and　discipline　of　their　cavalry。　Nor　do　the
  Cattans　derive　higher　applause　from　their　foot；　than　the　Tencterians
  from　their　horse。　Such　was　the　order　established　by　their　forefathers；
  and　what　their　posterity　still　pursue。　From　riding　and　exercising　of
  horse；　their　children　borrow　their　pastimes；　in　this　exercise　the
  young　men　find　matter　for　emulating　one　another；　and　in　this　the　old
  men　take　pleasure　to　persevere。　Horses　are　by　the　father　bequeathed　as
  part　of　his　household　and　family；　horses　are　conveyed　amongst　the
  rights　of　succession；　and　as　such　the　son　receives　them；　but　not　the
  eldest　son；　like　other　effects；　by　priority　of　birth；　but　he　who
  continues　to　be　signal　in　boldness　and　superior　in　war。
  Contiguous　to　the　Tencterians　formerly　dwelt　the　Bructerians；　in　whose
  room　it　is　said　the　Chamavians　and　Angrivarians　are　now　settled；　they
  who　expulsed　and　almost　extirpated　the　Bructerians；　with　the
  concurrence　of　the　neighbouring　nations：　whether　in　detestation　of
  their　arrogance；　or　allured　by　the　love　of　spoil；　or　through　the
  special　favour　of　the　Gods　towards　us　Romans。　They　in　truth　even
  vouchsafed　to　gratify　us　with　the　sight　of　the　battle。　In　it　there
  fell　above　sixty　thousand　souls；　without　a　blow　struck　by　the　Romans；
  but；　what　is　a　circumstance　st