第 39 节
作者:江暖      更新:2021-02-19 20:44      字数:9322
  120
  … Page 121…
  Life of Marion。
  papers were transmitted to him (Gen。 Leslie) by his excellency Sir Henry
  Clinton。 That such was the manner in which those important papers had
  reached   him;   that   he   held   it   a   duty  he   owed   the   rights   of   humanity;   the
  welfare of this country; and the sentiments of the legislature of his own; to
  propose   a   cessation   of   hostilities。〃 Again;   on   the   13th   of August;   Leslie
  proposed; 〃That the garrison of Charleston should be permitted to receive
  rice  and other  provisions;   for  which a  compensation   should   be  made   on
  terms of mutual advantage。〃 Both these propositions were at once rejected
  by the civil authority of the state; because it was supposed that Leslie only
  intended to   amass   provisions   for the  support of   the  British   forces   in   the
  West Indies; to carry on war to advantage with our allies the French。 But
  this matter might easily have been adjusted by treaty; and the rejection of
  the offer was certainly another piece of blind policy in the civil authority。
  They   had   now   no   means   of   taking   the   town;   and   by   acceding   to   the
  proposals;      Greene's     army     might    have    been    clothed;    the   wants    of   the
  citizens sooner supplied; and much effusion of blood prevented。
  Early     in  the   month     of   January;     in  this   year;   the   Jacksonborough
  assembly   commenced   its   session。 As   might   have   been   expected;   it   was
  entirely composed of those; who either in a civil or military capacity; had
  distinguished   themselves   in   the  late   contest。   In   the   senate   we   have   seen
  there   were   but   thirteen   members;   which   was   a   bare   quorum;   and   Gen。
  Marion could not be spared; for it would have broken up the house。 In the
  house of representatives; there were but seventy…four members; of whom
  sixty formed a quorum。 Both houses were therefore remarkably thin; but
  what they lacked in numbers they made up in spirit。 They passed the well
  known   confiscation   law;   avowedly   to   retaliate   on   the   British   for   having
  acted   in   like   manner   to   those   who   had   adhered   to   the   Americans;   but
  privately with a view to enable the state to raise its quota of continental
  troops;   for   Gen。   Marion;   in   a   letter   to   Col。   Peter   Horry;   of   the   10th   of
  February; states; that 〃Two regiments are to be raised; as our continental
  quota;  giving   each   man   a   negro per   year;  which is to   be taken   from  the
  confiscated   estates。 A number   of   large   estates   are   down on this   list;   and
  others   are   amerced;   which   will   give   us   at   least   a   million   sterling   as   a
  fund。〃 And a clause in the act passed; enacts; 〃that there shall be set apart a
  121
  … Page 122…
  Life of Marion。
  sufficient     number      of   slaves    to  raise    the  quota     of  continental      troops
  required of this state。〃 How far this law might be justified; on the plea of
  necessity      and    self…defence;     is   quite   a   different    ground     from    that   of
  retaliation。 In the preamble to the law; the reason given for enacting it is
  retaliation upon tories for the injuries done to the property of the whigs by
  confiscations; but there appears to be no sound reason for passing the law
  as   a   retaliatory   measure。   Between   rulers   and   subjects;   or   citizens;   the
  duties   of   subjection   and   protection   are   reciprocal;   but;   in   this   case;   the
  rulers were unable to protect the citizens; and therefore ought not to have
  expected from them such implicit subjection。 It was only by a few daring
  spirits; and that generally in places remote from the enemy; that resistance
  was kept up; yet; under existing circumstances; it was not to be looked for
  from the timid more immediately in their power。 But; as a measure of self…
  defence; the law was justifiable。
  The governor and council; armed with the supreme power of the state;
  had impressed the horses; provisions and indigo of the whigs; for public
  services;     and    that   proceeding      had    scarcely    excited     a  murmur。      These
  resources had now failed; and the war was to be carried on without money;
  then what good reason could be given for exempting from requisition the
  negroes   and   other   property   of   the   tories。   In   this   point   of   view   the   case
  against   them   becomes   the   strongest   of   the   two。   Yet   the   clamour   raised
  against   the   law   at   the   time   and   after;   was   great;   in   the   legislature   their
  friends     became      numerous;       and    as  each    particular     case    was    brought
  forward and considered; it was made an exception; and the act became a
  nullity。    John    Matthews       was   elected    governor      of  the   state;   after   Gen。
  Gadsden;   for   whom   a   majority   of   votes   was   first   given;   had   declined
  serving。 A  bill   was   brought   in   to   indemnify   several   militia   officers   who
  had been concerned in impressing indigo and other property necessary for
  public   service。   Gen。   Marion's   name   was   at   first   inserted   on   the   list;   but
  when it came to be read in the senate; he rose and moved to strike it out;
  saying;      if  he    had    taken    the    property     of   any    man     improperly       or
  unnecessarily;  he   was   willing   to   make   restitution。 The   bill   passed   into   a
  law without the general's name。 Before the adjournment; the powers left
  with the governor and council; were as extensive as usual。 Gov。 Matthews
  122
  … Page 123…
  Life of Marion。
  appears to consider them in a letter to Gen。 Leslie; (12th April) as equal to
  dispensing with parts of the confiscation act。 The evacuation of Charleston
  took    place    on  the   14th   of  December;      1782;    but   the  militia   were    not
  permitted      to  be   witnesses     of  the   ceremony。      The    civil  authority    had
  interposed to exclude them as   dangerous spectators; and Gen。 Greene in
  his letter  of  the 22d   of   November;  was so   much   hurt   at it;  that he   takes
  particular pains to exculpate himself from any participation in that order。
  In   this   treatment;   the   militia   shared   the   fate   usually   attending   humble
  friends; who are seldom caressed by the great any longer than they can be
  subservient to their views or interests。 Gen。 Marion and his brigade were
  now     to  part   forever。   But   as  its  movements       had   always    been    directed
  without pomp or parade; so its discharge was conducted with republican
  simplicity。 In his favourite encampment at Watboo; and on the side of the
  cedar   trees;   he   thanked   his   officers   and   men   for   their   many   and   useful
  services; and bid them a friendly and affectionate farewell。 Two years and
  a half had now elapsed since Gen。 Marion first assumed his command; his
  appearance       was   not   prepossessing;      his  manners      were   distant;   but   not
  repulsive;   yet   few   leaders   have   ever   been   so   popular   among   their   men;
  none ever had more of their confidence。 He had so much influence as to
  settle amicably many disputes among his officers; and even private men;
  and never was a duel fought by  any of them while under his   immediate
  command。 His stratagems appeared intuitive。 Did Gen。 Marion march in
  person   to   the   attack?*   then   the   common   conclusion   was;   the   enemy   is
  taken by surprise; or we shall fight them on advantageous ground。
  * Nil desperandum; Teucro duce。
  The   revolutionary   war   raged   no   where   more   than   it   did   where   he
  commanded;   in   all   this   he   had   the   head   to   lead   and   to   plan;   and   the
  discernment to choose those who could best execute。 His personal bravery
  was displayed on many occasions; but his own sword struck not the blow;
  it never was seen stained with blood; cool and collected; he was always
  the general; never the common soldier。 In short the whole bent of his soul
  was how he should best provide for his men; how he could most annoy the
  enemy; and how he could soonest achieve the independence of his country。
  The characters of his officers will be best collected from the facts stated。
  123
  … Page 124…
  Life of Marion。
  In taking such wise measur