第 7 节
作者:
江暖 更新:2021-02-19 20:43 字数:9322
Henry Clinton; and rejected。 The batteries of the besiegers; having now
obtained a decided superiority over those of the besieged; when the third
parallel had opened its cannonade; and the British having crossed the wet
ditch by sap; they opened a fire of rifles within twenty…five yards of the
Americans。 The caution of Sir Henry Clinton; in advancing so slowly; had
been extreme; and the unsuspecting security of the Americans was still
great; but Gen。 Duportail; a French officer of engineers; having arrived in
town before the communication was closed with the country; declared; that
the works of the besieged were not tenable; and might have been stormed
ten days before。 This disclosed his true situation; and induced Gen。
Lincoln to listen to a capitulation; which was proposed to him on the 8th
of May。 From that until the 10th; the negociation was continued。 On the
11th; the capitulation was agreed to; and; on the next day; the Americans
marched out and grounded their arms。 After a siege of a month and
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fourteen days; 2500 men submitted to an army of 12;000; and it was only
surprising they held out so long。 The continental troops and sailors were to
remain prisoners of war until exchanged; the militia were permitted to
return home as prisoners on parole; which; as long as they observed it;
should secure them from being molested in their property。
On the morning; when the Americans had paraded to surrender; tears
were seen coursing down the cheeks of Gen。 Moultrie。
The loss of the Americans; in the siege; was not great; only five
officers of distinction: Col。 Parker; and Capts。 Bowman; Moultrie;
Templeton and Neyle; were killed。 During the siege; Gen。 Lincoln called
two councils of war; to devise the means of retreating from the town; but
all attempts of that kind were opposed; first by the civil authority; next by
the South Carolina officers; and finally by the inhabitants。 He ought not to
have entered the town; he had the example of the illustrious Washington
before him; who had declined to act in that manner; and had thus
preserved the independence of his country。 The American army acting in
the country; would have kept up the spirits of the militia; and kept the
British from mounting their cavalry; and gaining supplies of provisions;
with such ease as they did。 Although Lincoln's force was small; it was at
least equal to that of Gen。 Washington; when he retreated over the
Delaware; in 1776。 The country was not so open; and more fit for a
partisan warfare; than New Jersey; and in a few months the climate would
have fought his battles。 It was not intended by the author to narrate the
particulars of the siege of Charleston; these have been detailed by the
enlightened historian of South Carolina; Dr。 Ramsay。 But the effects of it
upon the minds of the people in the country; come more particularly
within his province; since they would hereafter be disposed to act
according as they were affected; by passing incidents。 There being now no
force in the field; but the two hundred light infantry; under Gen。 Huger;
and the horse under Col。 Washington; which were those mentioned in
Lincoln's order to Gen。 Marion; the British were suffered to detach small
parties through the country; and to take all the horses which were fit; either
to transport their cannon and baggage; or to mount their cavalry。 In one
month after their landing; Col。 Tarleton had his legion mounted; and began
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his career of slaughter。 On the 18th March; he surprised a party of 80
militia; at Saltketcher bridge; killed and wounded several; and dispersed
the rest。 On the 23d; he put to flight another party at Ponpon; killed three;
wounded one; and took four prisoners。 On the 27th; near Rantowle's
bridge; he had a rencounter with Col。 Washington; at the head of his legion
of 300 men; Tarleton was worsted in this affair; and lost seven men;
prisoners。 On the 13th April; the American infantry and cavalry under Gen。
Huger; lay; the infantry at Biggen church; and the cavalry under Col。
Washington; at Monk's corner。 Col。 Tarleton with Ferguson's corps of
marksmen; advanced on from the quarter…house to Goose Creek; where he
was joined by Col。 Webster; with the 33d and 64th regiments of infantry。
There an attack upon the American post was concerted; and it was judged
advisable to make it in the night; as that would render the superiority of
Washington's cavalry useless。 A servant of one of Huger's officers was
taken on the road; and he agreed for a few dollars; to conduct the enemy
through a by…road; to Monk's corner。 At three o'clock in the morning; they
charged Washington's guard on the main road; and pursued them into the
camp。 The Americans were completely surprised。 Major Vernier; of
Pulaski's legion; and twenty…five men; were killed。 One hundred officers;
and dragoons; fifty waggons loaded with ammunition; clothing and arms;
and four hundred horses; with their accoutrements; were taken。 A most
valuable acquisition to the British。 Major Cochrane with the British legion
of infantry; forced the passage at Biggen bridge; and drove Gen。 Huger
and the infantry before him。 In this affair; Major James Conyers; of the
Americans; distinguished himself by a skilful retreat; and by calling off
the attention of the enemy from his sleeping friends; to himself。 The
British had only one officer and two men wounded。 The account of the
loss of the Americans in this affair; is taken from Tarleton; who blames
〃the injudicious conduct of the American commander; who besides
making a false disposition of his corps; by placing his cavalry in front of
the bridge; during the night; and his infantry in the rear; neglected sending
patroles in front of his videttes。〃 In this surprise; the British made free use
of the bayonet; the houses in Monk's corner; then a village; were
afterwards deserted; and long bore the marks of deadly thrust; and much
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bloodshed。 Col。 White soon after took the command of the American
cavalry; but with no better fortune。 On the 5th May; he took a British
officer and seventeen men of the legion; at Ball's plantation; near
Strawberry; in the morning; and pushed back twenty…five miles; to Lenud's
ferry; on Santee。 While crossing there; Tarleton surprised him; at three in
the afternoon; who states; that five officers and 36 men of the Americans
were killed and wounded; and seven officers and sixty dragoons were
taken; while he lost only two men; and retook his dragoons。 Cols。 White
and Washington; Major Jamieson; and several officers and men; escaped
by swimming the river; but many perished in the like attempt。* Thus the
American corps of cavalry and infantry; in the open field; was completely
annihilated; and from the Saltketcher to the Santee; a distance of one
hundred and twenty miles; either terror or a general depression of spirits;
had spread through the country。 What served to increase this; was the
cannonade at the town。 This was a novel thing in South Carolina; and
along water courses; it was heard more than one hundred miles。 In that
distance; there were but few families; who had not a husband; father;
brother or son in the garrison; and these listened to the sound; with the
deepest anxiety; and; as was natural; with no little despondency。
* Two boys; Francis G。 Deliesseline and Samuel Dupre; had the
boldness to undertake; and did recover fourteen of White's caval