第 7 节
作者:江暖      更新:2021-02-19 20:43      字数:9322
  Henry   Clinton;   and   rejected。  The   batteries   of   the   besiegers;   having   now
  obtained a decided superiority over those of the besieged; when the third
  parallel had opened its cannonade; and the British having crossed the wet
  ditch by sap; they opened a fire of rifles within twenty…five yards of the
  Americans。 The caution of Sir Henry Clinton; in advancing so slowly; had
  been   extreme;   and   the   unsuspecting   security   of   the Americans   was   still
  great; but Gen。 Duportail; a French officer of engineers; having arrived in
  town before the communication was closed with the country; declared; that
  the works of the besieged were not tenable; and might have been stormed
  ten    days    before。   This    disclosed     his  true   situation;    and   induced     Gen。
  Lincoln to listen to a capitulation; which was proposed to him on the 8th
  of May。 From that until the 10th; the negociation was continued。 On the
  11th; the capitulation was agreed to; and; on the next day; the Americans
  marched       out   and   grounded      their  arms。    After   a  siege    of  a  month     and
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  fourteen days; 2500 men submitted to an army of 12;000; and it was only
  surprising they held out so long。 The continental troops and sailors were to
  remain   prisoners   of   war   until   exchanged;   the   militia   were   permitted   to
  return   home   as   prisoners   on   parole;   which;   as   long   as   they   observed   it;
  should secure them from being molested in their property。
  On the morning; when the Americans had paraded to surrender; tears
  were seen coursing down the cheeks of Gen。 Moultrie。
  The   loss    of   the   Americans;   in   the   siege;    was   not    great;   only   five
  officers     of   distinction:     Col。    Parker;    and    Capts。    Bowman;        Moultrie;
  Templeton and Neyle; were killed。 During the siege; Gen。 Lincoln called
  two councils of war; to devise the means of retreating from the town; but
  all attempts of that kind were opposed; first by the civil authority; next by
  the South Carolina officers; and finally by the inhabitants。 He ought not to
  have entered the town; he had the example of the illustrious Washington
  before     him;    who    had    declined     to  act   in  that   manner;     and    had   thus
  preserved the independence of his country。 The American army acting in
  the   country;   would   have   kept   up   the   spirits   of   the   militia;   and   kept   the
  British   from   mounting   their   cavalry;   and   gaining   supplies   of   provisions;
  with such ease as they did。 Although Lincoln's force was small; it was at
  least    equal    to  that   of  Gen。    Washington;       when     he   retreated    over    the
  Delaware;   in   1776。   The   country   was   not   so   open;   and   more   fit   for   a
  partisan warfare; than New Jersey; and in a few months the climate would
  have   fought   his   battles。   It   was   not   intended   by  the   author   to   narrate   the
  particulars   of   the   siege   of   Charleston;   these   have   been   detailed   by   the
  enlightened historian of South Carolina; Dr。 Ramsay。 But the effects of it
  upon     the   minds   of   the   people   in   the   country;   come   more       particularly
  within     his   province;     since    they   would      hereafter    be   disposed      to  act
  according as they were affected; by passing incidents。 There being now no
  force in the field;  but the two hundred   light infantry;  under Gen。  Huger;
  and   the   horse   under   Col。   Washington;   which   were   those   mentioned   in
  Lincoln's order to Gen。 Marion; the British were suffered to detach small
  parties through the country; and to take all the horses which were fit; either
  to transport their   cannon and baggage;  or to   mount   their cavalry。  In   one
  month after their landing; Col。 Tarleton had his legion mounted; and began
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  Life of Marion。
  his   career   of   slaughter。   On   the   18th   March;   he   surprised   a   party   of   80
  militia;  at   Saltketcher   bridge; killed   and   wounded   several;  and dispersed
  the rest。 On the 23d; he put to flight another party at Ponpon; killed three;
  wounded        one;   and   took   four    prisoners。    On   the   27th;   near    Rantowle's
  bridge; he had a rencounter with Col。 Washington; at the head of his legion
  of   300   men;   Tarleton      was   worsted   in   this   affair;   and   lost   seven   men;
  prisoners。 On the 13th April; the American infantry and cavalry under Gen。
  Huger;   lay;   the   infantry   at   Biggen   church;   and   the   cavalry   under   Col。
  Washington;   at   Monk's   corner。   Col。   Tarleton   with   Ferguson's   corps   of
  marksmen; advanced on from the quarter…house to Goose Creek; where he
  was joined by Col。 Webster; with the 33d and 64th regiments of infantry。
  There an attack upon the American post was concerted; and it was judged
  advisable to make it in the night; as that would render the superiority of
  Washington's   cavalry   useless。   A  servant   of   one   of   Huger's   officers   was
  taken on the road; and he agreed for a few dollars; to conduct the enemy
  through a by…road; to Monk's corner。 At three o'clock in the morning; they
  charged Washington's guard on the main road; and pursued them into the
  camp。      The    Americans       were    completely      surprised。     Major     Vernier;    of
  Pulaski's legion; and twenty…five men; were killed。 One hundred officers;
  and dragoons; fifty waggons loaded with ammunition; clothing and arms;
  and   four   hundred   horses;   with   their   accoutrements;   were   taken。 A  most
  valuable acquisition to the British。 Major Cochrane with the British legion
  of   infantry;   forced   the   passage   at   Biggen   bridge;   and   drove   Gen。   Huger
  and the infantry before him。  In this affair; Major James Conyers; of the
  Americans;   distinguished   himself   by   a   skilful   retreat;   and   by   calling   off
  the   attention     of   the   enemy   from   his   sleeping     friends;   to   himself。   The
  British   had   only  one   officer   and   two   men   wounded。 The   account   of   the
  loss   of   the Americans   in   this   affair;   is   taken   from Tarleton;   who   blames
  〃the     injudicious     conduct     of   the   American       commander;        who     besides
  making a false disposition of his corps; by placing his cavalry in front of
  the bridge; during the night; and his infantry in the rear; neglected sending
  patroles in front of his videttes。〃 In this surprise; the British made free use
  of    the   bayonet;     the   houses     in  Monk's      corner;    then    a  village;    were
  afterwards deserted; and long bore the marks of deadly thrust; and much
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  Life of Marion。
  bloodshed。   Col。   White   soon   after   took   the   command   of   the   American
  cavalry;   but   with   no   better   fortune。   On   the   5th   May;   he   took   a   British
  officer     and    seventeen      men    of   the   legion;    at   Ball's   plantation;     near
  Strawberry; in the morning; and pushed back twenty…five miles; to Lenud's
  ferry; on Santee。 While crossing there; Tarleton surprised him; at three in
  the afternoon; who states; that five officers and 36 men of the Americans
  were   killed   and   wounded;   and   seven   officers   and   sixty   dragoons   were
  taken; while he lost only two men; and retook his dragoons。 Cols。 White
  and Washington; Major Jamieson; and several officers and men; escaped
  by swimming the river; but many perished in the like attempt。* Thus the
  American corps of cavalry and infantry; in the open field; was completely
  annihilated;   and   from   the   Saltketcher   to   the   Santee;   a   distance   of   one
  hundred and twenty miles; either terror or a general depression of spirits;
  had   spread   through   the   country。   What   served   to   increase   this;   was   the
  cannonade   at   the   town。   This   was   a   novel   thing   in   South   Carolina;   and
  along   water   courses;   it   was   heard   more   than   one   hundred   miles。   In   that
  distance;   there   were   but   few   families;   who   had   not   a   husband;   father;
  brother  or   son   in   the   garrison;   and   these   listened   to   the   sound;   with   the
  deepest anxiety; and; as was natural; with no little despondency。
  *   Two   boys;   Francis   G。   Deliesseline   and   Samuel   Dupre;   had   the
  boldness to undertake; and did recover fourteen of White's caval