第 5 节
作者:江暖      更新:2021-02-19 20:43      字数:9322
  rivers had been crossed; over which were high bridges; and only a slight
  skirmish had taken place。 True; the swamps above the bridges were dry;
  but then they were so wide and thick; that the British would never have
  ventured   into   them。   It   is   likewise   true   that   Col。   Laurens   said   the   militia
  would   not   fight;   yet   the   riflemen   stood   till   they  were   ordered   to   retreat;
  and their retreat had like to have been cut off。 Laurens was not wrong in
  fighting;  for it   is   always   best   to   keep   militia   employed:   but in   engaging
  without orders; and in not burning down the houses near the river; he is
  blamed      by   Gen。    Moultrie。**      However       Moultrie     himself    was    more    to
  blame   in   suffering   the   enemy  to   pass   over   Coosawhatchie。 At   least they
  ought   not   to   have   been   permitted   to   cross   the   Saltketcher。   There   is   no
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  doubt but Moultrie was a firm patriot and a brave soldier; but he acted now
  under   the   impulse   of   an   opinion;   which   then   generally  prevailed   among
  the officers of the South Carolina troops; that Charleston was all important;
  and if taken; the state must be lost。 We shall see the effect of this system in
  the   end。   In   the   same   manner   the   Edisto   and   Ashley   were   now   passed;
  without      striking   a   blow。    The    Americans      suffered     greatly   both    for
  provisions and for the want of water; drinking out of every puddle in the
  road;   however   filthy。     The   enemy;    on   the   contrary;   passed   through     the
  richest   part of   the state;   and   were   suffered to scatter   themselves   abroad;
  and to satiate themselves with choice fare; and valuable plunder。 General
  Moultrie continued his march to Charleston; and Prevost took post before
  the lines。
  * The fine spring at Tulifinny had then entirely failed。 ** 1st Volume
  Moultrie's memoirs; p。 403…4。
  We have for some time lost sight of Lieut。 Col。 Marion; and the reader
  may naturally inquire; was he at Tulifinny? He was not。 With the second
  regiment under his command; he was in garrison at fort Moultrie。 Before
  Gen。   Moultrie   broke   up   his   camp   at   Black   Swamp;   he   wrote   to   Gen。
  Lincoln to give him advice of the movement of the enemy to Purysburgh;
  and from time to time of their progress to Charleston; but Lincoln marched
  up to Augusta; crossed over into Georgia; and moved down on the other
  side    of  the   river   for  some     time;   very   deliberately。*     However;      from
  Jannett's ferry; he writes a letter; of which the following is an extract: 〃If
  the enemy should give public evidence of their designs against Charleston;
  I think; with your force; as you are in possession of ~strong passes~; you
  will be able to stop their progress and give us time to come up。〃 On the
  10th of May; he again writes to Gen。 Moultrie; 〃We are making; and shall
  continue to make; every exertion for the relief of Charleston。 The baggage
  will be left。 The inability of the men only; will put a period to our daily
  marches。 Our men are full of spirits。 Do not give up; or suffer the people
  to   despair。〃    But   the  governor     and   council    did   despair    already;   for  a
  majority     of   them    had    finally   offered   to   capitulate;    and   proposed     a
  neutrality; during the war between Great Britain and South Carolina; and
  the question; whether the state should belong to Great Britain; or remain
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  one of the United States; to be determined by the treaty of peace; from this
  offer; Gen。 Gadsden and Mr。 Thomas Ferguson dissented。 To carry terms
  so    disgraceful;     to   Prevost;    Col。    Laurens     was    pitched    upon;     but   he
  indignantly refused to be the bearer。 Cols。 M‘Intosh and Roger Smith were
  then persuaded to go with a flag。 The British commander appointed Col。
  Prevost;   as   commissioner   to   receive   them;   and   he   delivered   a   message
  from  the   general;   〃that   he   had   nothing to   do   with   the   governor;   that   his
  business   was   with   Gen。  Moultrie;   and   as   the   garrison   was   in   arms;   they
  must surrender prisoners of war。〃 At this answer; the governor and council
  looked      blank;   and    some    were    for   submitting     even    to   this  degrading
  proposal: but Moultrie   cut the   conference   short;  by declaring;  〃that   as it
  was left to him; he would fight to the last extremity。〃 Laurens; who was
  present; and sitting; bounded to his feet at the expression; raised his hands;
  and thanked his God! Thus it was only by a mistake of Prevost; as to the
  high   powers   of   the   civil   authority;   that   the   town;   and   the   state   of   South
  Carolina; were then saved。 What renders this offer the more astonishing;
  was;   that   the   garrison;   3180   strong;   were   in   good   spirits;   and   an   army
  under Lincoln; was marching to their assistance; on the rear of the enemy;
  who were not much stronger than the besieged; being computed at 3680
  men。** Early the next morning; Prevost decamped; and retreated to John's
  and James Islands。 (May 13th。) There was great rejoicing in the town; but
  the consequence to which it had arrived; by repelling two attempts of the
  enemy; only brought against it a greater armament; and in the end; sunk it
  into deeper distress。 An   attack   upon   the   British   at   Stono   ferry;  was   now
  planned   by   Gen。   Lincoln。   Gen。   Moultrie;   was   to   throw   over   on   James
  Island; all   the  troops which   could   be spared   from  the town;  and   make   a
  feint on that side; or attack; if a favourable opportunity offered; while the
  principal effort was to be made by Lincoln; at Stono。 He made the attack
  before   Moultrie   could   cooperate;   (June   20)   and   the   enemy  remaining   in
  their lines; and being reinforced; obliged him to retreat。 In this affair a few
  men were killed; and Col。 Roberts; of the artillery; mortally wounded。 His
  loss   was   greatly   and   justly   lamented。   William   Richardson   Davie;   lately
  deceased; and afterwards so much celebrated as Gen。 Davie; was among
  the wounded。 Prevost; soon after this; retreated along the chain of islands
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  on the coast; until he reached Port Royal and Savannah。 During the time
  Prevost lay before the lines of Charleston; Maj。 Benjamin Huger; an active
  officer; a wise statesman; and a virtuous citizen; was unfortunately killed。
  What rendered his fate the more melancholy; was; that the act was done by
  the   mistake   of   his   own   countrymen。   It   was   at   this   time   also;   that   Gen。
  Count Pulaski; a Polander; began to distinguish himself as a partisan。 His
  address in single combat; was greatly celebrated。 Col。 Kowatch; under his
  command;   was   killed   before   the   lines;   and   shamefully   mutilated   by   the
  British。 Of the campaign of 1779; it was not the intention of the author to
  give a minute detail; but only to sketch out those feelings; and that line of
  conduct;   in   the   cabinet   and   field;   which;   followed   up   in   the   succeeding
  year; brought ruin and disgrace upon the country。
  * Lincoln's letter; 20th April。 ** 1st vol。 Moultrie's memoirs; from
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  Chapter II。
  CAMPAIGN OF 1780。
  Sir   Henry   Clinton   arrives   with   an   army   of   12;000   men   in   South
  Carolina。   The   General   Assembly   sitting   in   Charleston;   break   up。   Gen。
  Lincoln shuts himself up in the town; and Clinton lays siege to it。 Before
  the town   is   entirely  hemmed   in;  Marion   dislocates his   ankle;  and   retires
  into    the  country。   The    town    capitulates。   Tarleton's    career   of  slaughter。
  Defeat of Gen。  Huger at Monk's   Corner and of   Buford at the Waxhaws。
  Rising of the people in Williamsburgh; and at Pedee。 Gen。 Marion sent to
  them     as  a  commander。       Gates;    defeat。   Marion     retakes   150    American
  prisoners at Nelson's Ferry。 Maj。 Wemyss sent against him; he retreats to
  the   White   Marsh;   in   North   Carolina。   Returns   and   defeats   the   tories   at
  Black     Mingo     and   the   fork   of   Black    river。  Attempt     on   Georgetown
  frustrated。 Marion tak