第 23 节
作者:这就是结局      更新:2021-02-19 18:30      字数:9322
  pre…eminent in illustrated literature。           Measuring time by poets; he may be
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  said to have lent something of his fancy and amenity to most of the writers
  from   Cowper   to   Rogers。        As   a   draughtsman   he   is   undoubtedly   weak:
  his figures are often limp and invertebrate; and his type of beauty insipid。
  Still; regarded as groups; the majority of his designs are exquisite; and he
  possessed one all…pervading and un…English qualitythe quality of grace。
  This is his dominant note。          Nothing can be more seductive than the suave
  flow of his line; his feeling for costume; his gentle and chastened humour。
  Many   of   his   women   and   children   are   models   of   purity   and   innocence。
  But he   works   at   ease   only  within the   limits   of   his   special   powers;   he   is
  happier in the pastoral and domestic than the heroic and supernatural; and
  his   style   is   better   fitted   to   the   formal   salutations   of   〃Clarissa〃   and   〃Sir
  Charles     Grandison;〃      than   the   rough    horse…play     of  〃Peregrine     Pickle。〃
  Where Rowlandson would have revelled; Stothard would be awkward and
  constrained; where Blake would give us a new sensation; Stothard would
  be    poor   and    mechanical。       Nevertheless       the  gifts   he  possessed      were
  thoroughly recognised in his own day; and brought him; if not riches; at
  least competence and honour。             It is said that more than three thousand of
  his    drawings     have    been   engraved;      and   they   are   scattered    through    a
  hundred publications。          Those to the 〃Pilgrim's Progress〃 and the poems
  of Rogers are commonly spoken of as his best; though he never excelled
  some of the old…fashioned plates (with their pretty borders in the style of
  Gravelot and the Frenchmen) to Richardson's novels; and such forgotten
  〃classics〃 as 〃Joe Thompson〃; 〃Jessamy;〃 〃Betsy Thoughtless;〃 and one or
  two others in Harrison's very miscellaneous collection。
  Stothard   was   fortunate   in   his   engravers。      Besides   James   Heath;   his
  best interpreter; Schiavonetti; Sharp; Finden; the Cookes; Bartolozzi; most
  of the fashionable translators into copper were busily employed upon his
  inventions。      Among the rest was an artist of powers far greater than his
  own;   although   scarcely   so   happy   in   turning   them   to   profitable   account。
  The genius of William Blake was not a marketable commodity in the same
  way   as   Stothard's   talent。   The   one   caught   the   trick   of   the   time   with   his
  facile    elegance;    the   other   scorned    to  make    any   concessions;      either  in
  conception or execution; to the mere popularity of prettiness。
  〃Give   pensions   to   the   learned   pig;   Or   the   hare   playing   on   a   tabor;
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  Anglus can never see perfection But in the journeyman's labour;〃 …
  he wrote in one of those rough…hewn and bitter epigrams of his。                      Yet
  the work that was then so lukewarmly receivedif; indeed; it can be said
  to   have   been   received   at   allis   at   present   far   more   sought   after     than
  Stothard's;   and   the   prices   now   given   for   the   〃Songs   of   Innocence   and
  Experience;〃 the 〃Inventions to the Book of Job;〃 and even 〃The Grave;〃
  would   have   brought   affluence   to   the   struggling   artist;   who   (as   Cromek
  taunted him) was frequently 〃reduced so low as to be obliged to live on
  half    a  guinea     a  week。〃     Not     that   this  was    entirely    the   fault  of   his
  contemporaries。         Blake was a visionary; and an untuneable man; and; like
  others   who   work   for   the   select   public   of   all   ages;   he   could   not   always
  escape the consequence that the select public of his own; however willing;
  were   scarcely   numerous   enough   to   support   him。             His   most   individual
  works are the 〃Songs of Innocence;〃 1789; and the 〃Songs of Experience;〃
  1794。      These;     afterwards     united    in  one   volume;      were   unique     in  their
  method of production; indeed; they do not perhaps strictly come within the
  category   of   what   is   generally   understood   to   be   copperplate   engraving。
  The   drawings   were   outlined   and   the   songs   written   upon   the   metal   with
  some   liquid   that   resisted   the   action   of   acid;   and   the   remainder   of   the
  surface of the plate was eaten away with aqua…fortis; leaving the design in
  bold    relief;   like  a  rude    stereotype。     This    was    then   printed    off  in   the
  predominant   tone   blue;   brown;   or   yellow;   as   the   case   might   beand
  delicately tinted by the artist in a prismatic and ethereal fashion peculiarly
  his own。      Stitched and bound in boards by Mrs。 Blake; a certain number
  of these leafletstwenty…seven in the case of the first issuemade up a tiny
  octavo      of  a  wholly     exceptional      kind。    Words      indeed     fail  to  exactly
  describe the flower…like beautythe fascination of these 〃fairy missals;〃 in
  which;  it   has   been   finely  said;   〃the thrilling   music   of   the   verse;   and  the
  gentle bedazzlement of the lines and colours so intermingle; that the mind
  hangs in a pleasant uncertainty as to whether it is a picture that is singing;
  or a song which has newly budded and blossomed into colour and form。〃
  The accompanying woodcut; after one of the illustrations to the 〃Songs of
  Innocence;〃 gives some indication of the general composition; but it can
  convey   no   hint   of   the   gorgeous   purple;   and   crimson;   and   orange   of   the
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  original。
  Of   the   〃Illustrations   to   the   Book   of   Job;〃   1826;   there   are   excellent
  reduced   facsimiles   by   the   recently…discovered   photo…intaglio   process;   in
  the   new   edition   of   Gilchrist's   〃Life。〃    The   originals   were   engraved   by
  Blake himself in his strong decisive fashion; and they are his best work。
  A  kind   of   deisidaimoniaa   sacred   awe   falls   upon   one   in   turning   over
  these    wonderful     productions      of  the  artist's  declining    years   and    failing
  hand。
  〃Leaving the old; both worlds at once they view; That stand upon the
  threshold of the new;〃
  sings Waller; and it is almost possible to believe for a moment that
  their   creator   was   (as   he   said)   〃under   the   direction   of   messengers   from
  Heaven。〃       But his designs for Blair's 〃Grave;〃 1808; popularised by the
  burin of Schiavonetti; attracted greater attention at the time of publication;
  and;   being   less   rare;   they   are   even   now   perhaps   better   known   than   the
  others。     The facsimile here given is from the latter book。                The worn old
  man; the trustful woman; and the guileless child are sleeping peacefully;
  but the king with his sceptre; and the warrior with his hand on his sword…
  hilt;   lie   open…eyed;   waiting   the   summons   of   the   trumpet。       One   cannot
  help fancying that the artist's long vigils among the Abbey tombs; during
  his   apprenticeship   to   James   Basire;   must   have   been   present   to   his   mind
  when he selected this impressive monumental subject。
  To one of Blake's few friendsto the 〃dear Sculptor of Eternity;〃 as he
  wrote to Flaxman from Felphamthe world is indebted for some notable
  book      illustrations。     Whether       the   greatest    writersthe     Homers;      the
  Shakespeares; the Dantescan ever be 〃illustrated〃 without loss may fairly
  be   questioned。      At   all   events;   the   showy   dexterities   of   the   Dores   and
  Gilberts prove nothing to the contrary。 But now and then there comes to
  the graphic interpretation of a great author an artist either so reverential; or
  so strongly sympathetic at some given point; that; in default of any relation
  more   narrowly   intimate;   we   at   once   accept   his   conceptions   as   the   best
  attainable。     In this class are Flaxman's outlines to Homer and AEschylus。
  Flaxman was not a Hellenist as men are Hellenists to… day。                   Nevertheless;
  his Roman studies had saturated him with the spirit of antique beauty; and
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  by his grand knowledge of the nude; his calm; his restraint; he is such an
  illustra