第 22 节
作者:这就是结局      更新:2021-02-19 18:30      字数:9310
  the    kindness    of   a  monarch     who    admired     those    native   qualities   which
  education      may     polish;   but   which     it  can   never   confer。    At   Versailles;
  Madame Du Barry heard of the literary genius of Madame de Pompadour。
  The   Pompadour   was   a   person   of   taste。       Her   large   library   of   some   four
  thousand works of the lightest sort of light literature was bound by Biziaux。
  Mr。    Toovey     possesses     the   Brantome      of   this  dame     galante。    Madame
  herself had published etchings by her own fair hands; and to hear of these
  things   excited   the   emulation   of   Madame   Du   Barry。          She   might   not   be
  CLEVER;   but   she   could   have   a   library   like   another;   if   libraries   were   in
  fashion。 One day Madame Du Barry astonished the Court by announcing
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  that    her   collection     of   books     would     presently     arrive   at   Versailles。
  Meantime she took counsel with a bookseller; who bought up examples of
  all the cheap 〃remainders;〃 as they are called in the trade; that he could lay
  his hands upon。         The whole assortment; about one thousand volumes in
  all; was hastily bound in rose morocco; elegantly gilt; and stamped with
  the   arms   of   the noble   house   of   Du   Barry。    The   bill   which   Madame   Du
  Barry   owed   her   enterprising   agent   is   still   in   existence。    The   thousand
  volumes cost about three francs each; the binding (extremely cheap) came
  to   nearly   as   much。     The    amusing     thing   is  that  the   bookseller;    in  the
  catalogue   which   he   sent   with   the   improvised   library;   marked   the   books
  which   Madame   Du         Barry   possessed   BEFORE   her   large   order   was   so
  punctually executed。          There   were two   〃Memoires de Du   Barry;〃 an   old
  newspaper;   two   or   three   plays;   and   〃L'Historie   Amoureuse   de   Pierre   le
  Long。〃      Louis XV。 observed with pride that; though Madame Pompadour
  had   possessed   a   larger   library;   that   of   Madame   Du   Barry  was   the   better
  selected。      Thanks   to   her   new   collection;   the   lady   learned   to   read   with
  fluency; but she never overcame the difficulties of spelling。
  A lady collector who loved books not very well perhaps; but certainly
  not    wisely;   was    the   unhappy     Marie     Antoinette。     The     controversy     in
  France about the private character of the Queen has been as acrimonious
  as   the   Scotch   discussion   about   Mary   Stuart。   Evidence;   good   and   bad;
  letters   as   apocryphal   as   the   letters   of   the   famous   〃casket;〃   have   been
  produced   on   both   sides。     A  few   years   ago;   under   the   empire;   M。   Louis
  Lacour found a manuscript catalogue of the books in the Queen's boudoir。
  They were all novels of the flimsiest sort;〃L'Amitie Dangereuse;〃 〃Les
  Suites d'un Moment d'Erreur;〃 and even the stories of Louvet and of Retif
  de la Bretonne。        These volumes all bore the letters 〃C。 T。〃 (Chateau de
  Trianon);      and   during    the   Revolution     they    were    scattered    among     the
  various public libraries of Paris。         The Queen's more important library was
  at   the   Tuileries;    but  at   Versailles    she   had   only   three   books;     as  the
  commissioners of the Convention found; when they made an inventory of
  the property of la femme Capet。            Among the three was the 〃Gerusalemme
  Liberata;〃 printed; with eighty exquisite designs by Cochin; at the expense
  of   〃Monsieur;〃   afterwards   Louis   XVIII。   Books   with   the   arms   of   Marie
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  Antoinette are very rare in private collections; in sales they are as much
  sought after as those of Madame Du Barry。
  With these illustrations of the kind of interest that belongs to books of
  old collectors; we may close this chapter。              The reader has before him a
  list; with examples; of the kinds of books at present most in vogue among
  amateurs。      He must judge for himself whether he will follow the fashion;
  by aid either of a long purse or of patient research; or whether he will find
  out new paths for   himself。         A scholar is   rarely a rich man。         He   cannot
  compete with plutocrats who buy by deputy。                But; if he pursues the works
  he   really   needs;   he   may   make   a   valuable   collection。   He   cannot   go   far
  wrong while he brings together the books that he finds most congenial to
  his   own   taste   and   most   useful   to   his   own   studies。  Here;   then;   in   the
  words of the old 〃sentiment;〃 I bid him farewell; and wish 〃success to his
  inclinations; provided they are virtuous。〃           There is a set of collectors; alas!
  whose      inclinations    are   not  virtuous。     The     most    famous     of  them;    a
  Frenchman;   observed   that   his   own   collection   of   bad   books   was   unique。
  That of   an   English   rival;  he   admitted;  was   respectable;〃mais   milord   se
  livre   a   des   autres   preoccupations!〃   He   thought   a   collector's   whole   heart
  should be with his treasures。
  En bouquinant   se trouve grand soulas。  Soubent m'en   vay  musant;  a
  petis pas; Au long des quais; pour flairer maint bieux livre。 Des Elzevier la
  Sphere   me   rend   yure;   Et   la   Sirene   aussi   m'esmeut。     Grand   cas   Fais…je
  d'Estienne; Aide;  ou   Dolet。       Mais   Ias!   Le vieux   Caxton ne se   rencontre
  pas; Plus qu' agneau d'or parmi jetons de cuivre; En bouquinant!
  Pour tout plaisir que l'on goute icy…bas La Grace a Dieu。               Mieux vaut;
  sans altercas; Chasser bouquin:           Nul mal n'en peult s'ensuivre。 Dr sus au
  livre:    il est le grand appas。 Clair est le ciel。         Amis; qui veut me suivre
  En bouquinant?
  A。 L。
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  ILLUSTRATED BOOKS {8}
  Modern       English    book…illustrationto       which     the  present    chapter     is
  restricted …has no long or doubtful history; since to find its first beginnings;
  it   is   needless   to   go   farther   back   than   the   last   quarter   of   the   eighteenth
  century。      Not    that   〃illustrated〃    books    of  a  certain    class   were    by  any
  means   unknown   before   that   period。          On   the   contrary;   for   many   years
  previously;   literature   had   boasted   its   〃sculptures〃   of   be…wigged   and   be…
  laurelled     〃worthies;〃     its  〃prospects〃      and   〃land…skips;〃     its  phenomenal
  monsters      and    its  〃curious    antiques。〃     But;    despite    the   couplet    in  the
  〃Dunciad〃 respecting books where
  〃   。   。   。 the   pictures   for   the   page   atone;   And   Quarles   is   saved   by
  beauties not his own;〃 …
  illustrations; in which the designer attempted the actual delineation of
  scenes or occurrences in the text; were certainly not common when Pope
  wrote;   nor   were   they   for   some   time   afterwards   either   very   numerous   or
  very    noteworthy。       There     are   Hogarth's     engravings      to  〃Hudibras〃      and
  〃Don      Quixote;〃     there   are  the   designs    of   his  crony   Frank     Hayman       to
  Theobald's   〃Shakespeare;〃   to   Milton;   to          Pope;   to   Cervantes;   there     are
  Pine's   〃Horace〃   and   Sturt's   〃Prayer…   Book〃   (in   both   of   which   text   and
  ornament were alike engraved); there are the historical and topographical
  drawings of Sandby; Wale; and others; and yetnotwithstanding all these
  it is with Bewick's cuts to Gay's 〃Fables〃 in 1779; and Stothard's plates to
  Harrison's      〃Novelist's      Magazine〃       in   1780;    that   book…illustration       by
  imaginative   compositions   really   begins   to   flourish   in   England。            Those
  little masterpieces of the Newcastle artist brought about a revival of wood…
  engraving   which   continues   to   this   day;   but   engraving   upon   metal;   as   a
  means of decorating books; practically came to an end with the 〃Annuals〃
  of thirty years ago。        It will therefore be well to speak first of illustrations
  upon copper and steel。
  Stothard;   Blake;   and   Flaxman   are   the   names   that   come   freshest   to
  memory  in   this   connection。        For   a   period   of   fifty   years   Stothard   stands
  pre…eminent in illustrated literature。           Measuring time by poets; he may be